KEGG   PATHWAY: pcoo04724
Entry
pcoo04724                   Pathway                                
Name
Glutamatergic synapse - Puma concolor (puma)
Description
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
pcoo04724  Glutamatergic synapse
pcoo04724

Other DBs
GO: 0051966
Organism
Puma concolor (puma) [GN:pcoo]
Gene
112867263  SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K14990]
112867402  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207]
112863546  GLS2; glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
112866552  GLS; glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
112863539  SLC17A8; vesicular glutamate transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12302]
112865064  SLC17A6; vesicular glutamate transporter 2 [KO:K12302]
112849782  GRIK1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 [KO:K05201]
112862066  GRIK2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05202]
112863118  GRIK3; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3 [KO:K05203]
112866075  GRIK4; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4 [KO:K05204]
112851333  GRIK5; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 [KO:K05205]
112861192  GRIA1; glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05197]
112858348  GRIA2; glutamate receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05198]
112871052  GRIA3; glutamate receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05199]
112865949  GRIA4; glutamate receptor 4 [KO:K05200]
112853155  GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A [KO:K05209]
112867262  GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B [KO:K05210]
112861457  GRIN3A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A [KO:K05213]
112869884  PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
112858792  PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
112854258  PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
112861555  PPP3R2; calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268]
112869328  PPP3R1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 [KO:K06268]
112856981  DLG4; disks large homolog 4 [KO:K11828]
112868108  DLGAP1; disks large-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15008]
112869575  LZTS3; leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 3 [KO:K26472]
112849358  TRPC1; short transient receptor potential channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04964]
112862043  GRM1; metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04603]
112865771  GRM5; metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 [KO:K04604]
112855161  HOMER2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: homer protein homolog 2 [KO:K15010]
112860569  HOMER1; homer protein homolog 1 [KO:K15010]
112868673  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634]
112855622  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
112869362  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
112869587  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
112851908  PLCB3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
112864470  PRKCA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
112853117  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
112850908  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
112858201  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
112867360  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
112862849  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
112855015  PLA2G4B; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
112855609  PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
112856065  PLA2G4D; cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
112856246  PLA2G4E; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
112857937  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
112850438  PLD1; phospholipase D1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
112856394  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112870302  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112869078  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04632]
112869430  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
112859788  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112860207  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112864041  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112855238  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112849881  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112867731  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112857348  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112859389  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112853291  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112852313  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
112871920  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
112872112  NCDN; neurochondrin [KO:K27819]
112852733  GRM2; metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 [KO:K04605]
112866774  GRM3; metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 [KO:K04606]
112862848  GRM4; metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 [KO:K04607]
112860990  GRM6; metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 [KO:K04608]
112858428  GRM7; metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 [KO:K04609]
112866814  GRM8; metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 [KO:K04610]
112852602  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
112872095  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
112866857  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
112857493  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha [KO:K04534]
112848368  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
112859921  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
112867306  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
112849315  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04538]
112854988  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
112856354  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
112852144  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
112851564  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
112848743  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
112852664  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
112869453  GNG10; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
112866879  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
112848961  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
112852984  GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
112866333  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1-like [KO:K04548]
112854055  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
112870399  GRK3; beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 2 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
112851961  GRK2; beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
112865957  KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 [KO:K04997]
112852304  CACNA1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344]
112866144  SLC1A2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 [KO:K05613]
112870175  SLC1A7; excitatory amino acid transporter 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05618]
112868547  SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
112852535  SLC1A6; excitatory amino acid transporter 4 [KO:K05617]
112867221  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850]
112852481  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851]
112860223  SLC1A3; excitatory amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K05614]
112857852  GLUL; glutamine synthetase isoform X1 [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
Reference
PMID:20055706
  Authors
Niswender CM, Conn PJ
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
  Journal
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 50:295-322 (2010)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.011008.145533
Reference
PMID:19112153
  Authors
Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
  Journal
Pharmacol Rev 60:536-81 (2008)
DOI:10.1124/pr.108.000166
Reference
PMID:11672421
  Authors
Hermans E, Challiss RA
  Title
Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
  Journal
Biochem J 359:465-84 (2001)
DOI:10.1042/bj3590465
Reference
PMID:17663464
  Authors
Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Neurosci Res 86:1-10 (2008)
DOI:10.1002/jnr.21437
Reference
PMID:14684436
  Authors
Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
  Title
Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1003:75-93 (2003)
DOI:10.1196/annals.1300.005
Reference
PMID:18425072
  Authors
Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
  Title
Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 7:426-37 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrd2462
Reference
PMID:17706608
  Authors
Gass JT, Olive MF
  Title
Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 75:218-65 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.039
Reference
PMID:9665875
  Authors
Palmada M, Centelles JJ
  Title
Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
  Journal
Front Biosci 3:d701-18 (1998)
DOI:10.2741/a314
Reference
PMID:11561058
  Authors
Schoepp DD
  Title
Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference
PMID:19559598
  Authors
de Jong AP, Verhage M
  Title
Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 19:245-53 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2009.06.005
Reference
PMID:18464791
  Authors
Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
  Title
Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:423-36 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2379
Reference
PMID:19110202
  Authors
Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
  Journal
Neurotherapeutics 6:94-107 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.nurt.2008.10.038
Reference
PMID:10481192
  Authors
Conti F, Weinberg RJ
  Title
Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 22:451-8 (1999)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(99)01445-9
Reference
PMID:12399578
  Authors
Sheng M, Kim MJ
  Title
Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
  Journal
Science 298:776-80 (2002)
DOI:10.1126/science.1075333
Related
pathway
pcoo00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
pcoo04020  Calcium signaling pathway
pcoo04720  Long-term potentiation
pcoo04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
pcoo04730  Long-term depression
KO pathway
ko04724   
LinkDB

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