KEGG   PATHWAY: dnm04140
Entry
dnm04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
dnm04140  Autophagy - animal
dnm04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo) [GN:dnm]
Gene
101410614  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101410693  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
101410859  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 [KO:K17888]
101411009  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101411580  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
101411926  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
101412193  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101412233  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X4 [KO:K07827]
101412295  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
101412320  [KO:K04551]
101412540  CUNH9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
101413195  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
101413281  TSC2; tuberin [KO:K07207]
101413365  ATG16L2; autophagy-related protein 16-2 [KO:K20868]
101413809  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101413928  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
101413958  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
101414072  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
101414240  [KO:K07828]
101414290  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
101414351  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101414407  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
101414817  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K22991]
101414830  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 [KO:K06528]
101414998  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
101415011  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
101415058  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
101415283  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
101415323  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
101415901  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
101415910  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
101416090  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
101416102  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101416233  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
101416247  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
101416523  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
101416584  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X1 [KO:K23610]
101416767  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101417223  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
101417753  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
101417865  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K17908]
101417900  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K21347]
101417973  [KO:K17890]
101417998  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
101418101  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101418192  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
101418297  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
101418689  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
101419022  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101419051  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
101419153  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
101419436  CTSL; cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
101419480  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
101420020  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
101420313  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
101420428  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101420465  [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
101420546  [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101421211  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101421250  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
101421896  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
101421932  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101421948  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
101422184  CTSB; cathepsin B isoform X2 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
101422253  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
101422679  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
101422818  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
101423193  DAPK3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101423204  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
101423477  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
101423479  [KO:K10435]
101423692  PRKACB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101423710  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101423744  [KO:K02649]
101423988  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101424047  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101424874  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
101424980  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
101425165  IRS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
101425186  [KO:K04551]
101425404  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101425550  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
101426073  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K22262]
101426791  [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101426905  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101426945  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101427892  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
101428214  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
101428345  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
101428413  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17606]
101428675  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X4 [KO:K17987]
101428677  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
101428799  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101428882  [KO:K23282]
101429222  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator [KO:K12650]
101429238  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
101429267  [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101429282  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
101429543  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
101429820  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101429945  [KO:K02977]
101430180  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
101430401  [KO:K02927]
101430409  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101430570  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101430817  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
101431903  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
101432131  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
101432391  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101432515  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
101432933  [KO:K10802]
101433056  [KO:K10802]
101433259  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
101433347  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
101433564  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101433693  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
101433896  [KO:K02927]
101434069  MTOR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101434155  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
101434210  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101434303  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
101434452  [KO:K02927]
101434479  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
101434494  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
101434584  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X2 [KO:K04724]
101434740  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
101434817  BECN1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
101435079  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
101435268  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101435351  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101435506  [KO:K02927]
101435742  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101435833  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
101436215  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 [KO:K08266]
101436388  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X8 [KO:K21245]
101436651  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
101436899  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
101437295  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K17589]
101437367  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
101437477  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249]
101437676  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
101438396  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
101438500  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
101438602  ATG4C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
101438760  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
101438802  SUPT20HL2; putative transcription factor SPT20 homolog-like 2 [KO:K21245]
101438908  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B isoform X1 [KO:K07925]
101439255  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101439272  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
101439806  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
101440177  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
101440182  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
101440740  [KO:K16185]
101440758  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101440824  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]
101441858  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
101443487  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
101443761  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101443806  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08268]
101443847  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
101444274  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
101444276  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101444490  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
101444825  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
101445236  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
101445333  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
101445493  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
101445554  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
101445596  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101445813  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101446150  PRAP1; proline-rich acidic protein 1 [KO:K21250]
101446801  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
101446858  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101447902  [KO:K07897]
105746695  [KO:K15464]
111759830  [KO:K02927]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
dnm04010  MAPK signaling pathway
dnm04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
dnm04142  Lysosome
dnm04150  mTOR signaling pathway
dnm04152  AMPK signaling pathway
dnm04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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