Entry Name Glutamatergic synapse - Cercocebus atys (sooty mangabey)
Description Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class Organismal Systems; Nervous systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Other DBs Organism Cercocebus atys (sooty mangabey) [GN:
caty ]
Gene 105580456 SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14990 ]
105580454 SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207 ]
105593112 SLC17A6; vesicular glutamate transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12302 ]
105571862 GRIK1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05201 ]
105588928 GRIK2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05202 ]
105594753 GRIK3; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05203 ]
105582526 GRIK4; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05204 ]
105598045 GRIK5; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05205 ]
105580611 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
105585127 GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B isoform X1 [KO:K05210 ]
105577760 GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C isoform X1 [KO:K05211 ]
105595236 GRIN2D; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D [KO:K05212 ]
105593015 GRIN3A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A isoform X1 [KO:K05213 ]
105571365 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
105579229 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
105597329 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
105577296 SHANK2; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15009 ]
105586858 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3-like [KO:K15009 ]
105595335 SHANK1; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15009 ]
105582151 leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K26472 ]
105586339 TRPC1; short transient receptor potential channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04964 ]
105584209 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
105577494 PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
105582089 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
105585726 ITPR1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958 ]
105601409 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
105593244 ITPR3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960 ]
105585319 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
105594342 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
105573715 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
105583233 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
105588486 GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534 ]
105594434 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
105584442 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
105583036 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
105597720 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
105601141 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
105586615 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
105577543 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
105580742 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
105592180 GNG11; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
105581531 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
105601524 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7-like [KO:K04347 ]
105595886 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
105592179 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
105579462 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
105575989 KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04997 ]
105601562 CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344 ]
105586801 SLC1A2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05613 ]
105596026 SLC1A7; excitatory amino acid transporter 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05618 ]
105584109 SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05612 ]
105582968 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
105585586 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
105573748 SLC38A3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K13576 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Niswender CM, Conn PJ
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
Journal Reference Authors Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
Title Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
Journal Reference Authors Hermans E, Challiss RA
Title Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
Title Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
Journal Reference Authors Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
Title Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Gass JT, Olive MF
Title Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
Journal Reference Authors Palmada M, Centelles JJ
Title Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
Journal Reference Authors Schoepp DD
Title Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
Journal J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference Authors de Jong AP, Verhage M
Title Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
Journal Reference Authors Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
Title Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
Journal Reference Authors Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Conti F, Weinberg RJ
Title Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
Journal Reference Authors Sheng M, Kim MJ
Title Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
Journal Related KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
