Entry
Name
Cortisol synthesis and secretion - Ovis aries (sheep)
Description
Cortisol is the main endogenous glucocorticoid, which affects a plethora of physiological functions, e.g., lipid and glucose metabolism, metabolic homeostasis and adaptation to stress. Cortisol production is primarily regulated by corticotropin (ACTH) in zona fasciculata. The stimulatory effect of ACTH on cortisol synthesis depends on cAMP dependent signaling, but also involves membrane depolarization and increased cytosolic Ca2+. Each of cAMP and Ca2+ induces the expression of StAR, stimulating intramitochondrial cholesterol transfer, as well as the steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to cortisol (e.g., CHE, CYP17A1, CYP11B1).
Class
Organismal Systems; Endocrine system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
oas04927 Cortisol synthesis and secretion
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Ovis aries (sheep) [GN:
oas ]
Gene
443482 MC2R; adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor [KO:K04200 ]
105609272 MRAP; melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein isoform X2 [KO:K22398 ]
101115640 GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short isoform X5 [KO:K04632 ]
101105363 PDE8A; high affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8A isoform X3 [KO:K18437 ] [EC:3.1.4.53 ]
101107286 PDE8B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: high affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8B [KO:K18437 ] [EC:3.1.4.53 ]
101113222 NR4A1; nuclear receptor subfamily 4immunitygroup A member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04465 ]
101108880 PBX1; pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09355 ]
443118 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
101108548 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
100216465 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
101107485 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K09048 ]
101114243 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
101108743 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
101113586 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
101113882 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
101112976 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X2 [KO:K09047 ]
101113631 ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X2 [KO:K09049 ]
443122 STAR; steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K16931 ]
101113553 NCEH1; neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14349 ] [EC:3.1.1.-]
101112295 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
101119215 GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635 ]
101103585 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101113074 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101106864 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X9 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101108864 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X4 [KO:K04958 ]
101113317 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04959 ]
114109674 ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X2 [KO:K04960 ]
101111729 KCNK2; potassium channel subfamily K member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04913 ]
101117004 CACNA1G; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G isoform X2 [KO:K04854 ]
101119120 CACNA1H; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H isoform X1 [KO:K04855 ]
101123461 CACNA1I; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I [KO:K04856 ]
101116562 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X6 [KO:K04850 ]
101106371 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X9 [KO:K04851 ]
101104552 CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
101108767 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X1 [KO:K04857 ]
101118217 KCNA4; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4 [KO:K04877 ]
443535 LDLR; low-density lipoprotein receptor isoform X2 [KO:K12473 ]
101115654 SCARB1; scavenger receptor class B member 1 isoform X5 [KO:K13885 ]
Compound
C01176 17alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05138 17alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone
Reference
Authors
Gallo-Payet N, Battista MC
Title
Steroidogenesis-adrenal cell signal transduction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Enyeart JJ
Title
Biochemical and Ionic signaling mechanisms for ACTH-stimulated cortisol production.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bandulik S, Tauber P, Lalli E, Barhanin J, Warth R
Title
Two-pore domain potassium channels in the adrenal cortex.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Liu H, Enyeart JA, Enyeart JJ
Title
Angiotensin II inhibits native bTREK-1 K+ channels through a PLC-, kinase C-, and PIP2-independent pathway requiring ATP hydrolysis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Enyeart JJ, Danthi SJ, Liu H, Enyeart JA
Title
Angiotensin II inhibits bTREK-1 K+ channels in adrenocortical cells by separate Ca2+- and ATP hydrolysis-dependent mechanisms.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Shen WJ, Azhar S, Kraemer FB
Title
ACTH Regulation of Adrenal SR-B1.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ruggiero C, Lalli E
Title
Impact of ACTH Signaling on Transcriptional Regulation of Steroidogenic Genes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Margioris AN, Tsatsanis C
Title
ACTH Action on the Adrenals
Journal
Endotext (2000)
Reference
Authors
Spiga F, Lightman SL
Title
Dynamics of adrenal glucocorticoid steroidogenesis in health and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tsai LC, Beavo JA
Title
The roles of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in steroidogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Odermatt A, Strajhar P, Engeli RT
Title
Disruption of steroidogenesis: Cell models for mechanistic investigations and as screening tools.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Manna PR, Stetson CL, Slominski AT, Pruitt K
Title
Role of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in health and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jackson DS, Ramachandrappa S, Clark AJ, Chan LF
Title
Melanocortin receptor accessory proteins in adrenal disease and obesity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cerda-Reverter JM, Agulleiro MJ, Cortes R, Sanchez E, Guillot R, Leal E, Fernandez-Duran B, Puchol S, Eley M
Title
Involvement of melanocortin receptor accessory proteins (MRAPs) in the function of melanocortin receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Enyeart JJ, Enyeart JA
Title
Ca2+ and K+ channels of normal human adrenal zona fasciculata cells: properties and modulation by ACTH and AngII.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Midzak A, Papadopoulos V
Title
Adrenal Mitochondria and Steroidogenesis: From Individual Proteins to Functional Protein Assemblies.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Calebiro D, Di Dalmazi G, Bathon K, Ronchi CL, Beuschlein F
Title
cAMP signaling in cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Turcu AF, Auchus RJ
Title
Adrenal steroidogenesis and congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Journal
Related pathway
oas04960 Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption
KO pathway
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