KEGG   PATHWAY: pprm04910
Entry
pprm04910                   Pathway                                
Name
Insulin signaling pathway - Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow)
Description
Insulin binding to its receptor results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (IRS) by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (INSR). This allows association of IRSs with the regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PI3K activates 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), which activates Akt, a serine kinase. Akt in turn deactivates glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), leading to activation of glycogen synthase (GYS) and thus glycogen synthesis. Activation of Akt also results in the translocation of GLUT4 vesicles from their intracellular pool to the plasma membrane, where they allow uptake of glucose into the cell. Akt also leads to mTOR-mediated activation of protein synthesis by eIF4 and p70S6K. The translocation of GLUT4 protein is also elicited through the CAP/Cbl/TC10 pathway, once Cbl is phosphorylated by INSR.
Other signal transduction proteins interact with IRS including GRB2. GRB2 is part of the cascade including SOS, RAS, RAF and MEK that leads to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mitogenic responses in the form of gene transcription. SHC is another substrate of INSR. When tyrosine phosphorylated, SHC associates with GRB2 and can thus activate the RAS/MAPK pathway independently of IRS-1.
Class
Organismal Systems; Endocrine system
Pathway map
pprm04910  Insulin signaling pathway
pprm04910

Organism
Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) [GN:pprm]
Gene
120458984  kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
120460052  prkacab; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
120460087  pik3r3b; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 3b (gamma) [KO:K02649]
120460444  calml4b; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
120460531  prkag3a; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
120460588  insb; preproinsulin b [KO:K04526]
120460828  eif4ea; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-1A [KO:K03259]
120460866  [KO:K01106] [EC:3.1.3.56]
120460946  raf1b; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120461561  prkacbb; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta b isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
120461675  ins; insulin [KO:K04526]
120461679  flot2a; flotillin-2a isoform X1 [KO:K07192]
120461701  fbp2; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase isozyme 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
120461704  fbp1a; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1a [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
120461740  fbp1b; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1b [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
120461905  exoc7; exocyst complex component 7 isoform X1 [KO:K07195]
120462249  grb2b; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2b [KO:K04364]
120462615  pygmb; phosphorylase, glycogen, muscle b [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
120462750  ppp1r3da; protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3Da [KO:K07189]
120463317  eif4e2rs1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E family member 2 related sequence 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03259]
120463328  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120463436  zgc:158659; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120463501  socs1b; suppressor of cytokine signaling 1b isoform X1 [KO:K04694]
120463987  calm2a; calmodulin 2a (phosphorylase kinase, delta) [KO:K02183]
120464256  prkacba; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta a [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
120464477  [KO:K07193]
120464696  phkg1a; phosphorylase kinase, gamma 1a (muscle) [KO:K00871] [EC:2.7.11.19]
120464703  [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120464821  pck1; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP] [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
120464885  hrasb; HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase b [KO:K02833]
120465058  insra; insulin receptor a [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
120465129  prkci; protein kinase C iota type [KO:K06069] [EC:2.7.11.13]
120466717  mapk8b; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120466957  rhebl1; ras homolog, mTORC1 binding like 1 [KO:K07208]
120467048  mknk1; MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 [KO:K04372] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120467212  rptor; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
120467723  pygl; glycogen phosphorylase, liver form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
120467750  sos2; son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
120467899  ptprfa; protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Fa isoform X1 [KO:K05695] [EC:3.1.3.48]
120467945  prkag1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
120468781  pik3r3a; phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 3a (gamma) [KO:K02649]
120468782  [KO:K02649]
120468926  ppp1r3ca; protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3Ca [KO:K07189]
120468999  [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
120469026  prkar1ab; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, alpha (tissue specific extinguisher 1) b [KO:K04739]
120469029  [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
120469168  ppp1r3ab; uncharacterized protein ppp1r3ab isoform X1 [KO:K07189]
120469545  acacb; acetyl-CoA carboxylase isoform X1 [KO:K01946] [EC:6.4.1.2 6.3.4.14 2.1.3.15]
120469577  prkaa1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
120469620  hk2; hexokinase-2 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
120469653  tsc1a; TSC complex subunit 1a isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
120469811  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120470201  araf; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X1 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120470518  foxo1a; forkhead box protein O1-A [KO:K07201]
120470606  badb; BCL2 associated agonist of cell death b [KO:K02158]
120471241  rapgef1b; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1b isoform X1 [KO:K06277]
120471251  shc3; SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448]
120471345  map2k2b; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2b [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120471543  calm2b; calmodulin 2b, (phosphorylase kinase, delta) [KO:K02183]
120471557  rhoq; rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoQ [KO:K07194]
120471633  ppp1cc; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit A [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
120471749  eif4e1b; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-1B [KO:K03259]
120472125  [KO:K04739]
120472247  [KO:K11262] [EC:6.4.1.2 6.3.4.14 2.1.3.15]
120472399  pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
120473097  prkar1b; cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-beta regulatory subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04739]
120473207  akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120473360  hrasa; HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase a [KO:K02833]
120473452  ppp1r3db; protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3Db [KO:K07189]
120473501  prkab1b; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1b isoform X1 [KO:K07199]
120473515  gck; hexokinase-4 [KO:K12407] [EC:2.7.1.2]
120473670  irs4a; insulin receptor substrate 2-B [KO:K07187]
120473888  akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120474433  inppl1b; inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-like 1b isoform X1 [KO:K15909] [EC:3.1.3.86]
120474484  g6pc1a.2; glucose-6-phosphatase [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
120474485  g6pc1a.1; glucose-6-phosphatase a, catalytic subunit, tandem duplicate 1 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
120474505  rapgef1a; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06277]
120474564  phkg2; phosphorylase b kinase gamma catalytic chain, liver/testis isoform [KO:K00871] [EC:2.7.11.19]
120474646  fasn; fatty acid synthase [KO:K00665] [EC:2.3.1.85]
120474669  [KO:K04696]
120474677  nras; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
120475265  elk1; ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 [KO:K04375]
120475893  pck2; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP], mitochondrial [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
120476176  [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120476204  [KO:K04696]
120476205  socs3a; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3a [KO:K04696]
120476837  braf; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X1 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120477003  socs2; suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04695]
120477048  gys2; glycogen [starch] synthase, liver isoform X1 [KO:K00693] [EC:2.4.1.11]
120477279  [KO:K07190]
120477280  [KO:K07190]
120477286  [KO:K07187]
120477805  ppargc1a; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07202]
120477875  [KO:K07191]
120478240  inppl1a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 2A [KO:K15909] [EC:3.1.3.86]
120478349  pygb; glycogen phosphorylase, brain form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
120478520  cbl; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL isoform X1 [KO:K04707] [EC:2.3.2.27]
120478646  crk; adapter molecule crk [KO:K04438]
120478747  calm3a; calmodulin 3a (phosphorylase kinase, delta) isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
120478817  irs1; insulin receptor substrate 1-B isoform X1 [KO:K16172]
120478835  rps6kb1b; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120478864  flot2b; flotillin-2b [KO:K07192]
120479037  raf1a; raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase a isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120479305  eif4e1c; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E family member 1c isoform X1 [KO:K03259]
120479520  [KO:K06086]
120479549  eif4eb; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4eb [KO:K03259]
120479574  mapk8a; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120479594  pdpk1b; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120479693  hkdc1; hexokinase HKDC1 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
120479694  hk1; hexokinase-1 [KO:K00844] [EC:2.7.1.1]
120479738  akt3a; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120479828  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120480139  [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
120480566  pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120480630  phka2; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, liver isoform isoform X1 [KO:K07190]
120481059  [KO:K07189]
120481060  [KO:K07189]
120481344  zgc:77112; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3C-B isoform X1 [KO:K07189]
120481551  srebf1; sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07197]
120481670  prkab1a; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1a [KO:K07199]
120481818  cblb; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL-B isoform X1 [KO:K22517] [EC:2.3.2.27]
120481892  mknk2a; MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2a [KO:K04372] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120482077  prkcz; protein kinase C zeta type isoform X1 [KO:K18952] [EC:2.7.11.13]
120482696  prkag2b; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
120482810  ptprfb; receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F isoform X1 [KO:K05695] [EC:3.1.3.48]
120482811  mknk2b; MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2b [KO:K04372] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120482851  pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
120483149  rps6kb1a; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120483200  foxo1b; forkhead box protein O1-B [KO:K07201]
120483435  si:ch211-167b20.8; uncharacterized protein si:ch211-167b20.8 isoform X1 [KO:K07189]
120483517  lipea; lipase, hormone-sensitive a [KO:K07188] [EC:3.1.1.79]
120483559  mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120483663  flot1a; flotillin-1a [KO:K07192]
120483745  prkar2aa; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha A [KO:K04739]
120484216  ptpn1; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1 [KO:K05696] [EC:3.1.3.48]
120484318  flot1b; flotillin-1b [KO:K07192]
120484361  shc1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06279]
120484659  lipeb; hormone-sensitive lipase isoform X1 [KO:K07188] [EC:3.1.1.79]
120485966  [KO:K07189]
120486240  [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
120486241  [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
120486485  prkar2ab; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha, B [KO:K04739]
120486629  inpp5l; inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase A [KO:K01106] [EC:3.1.3.56]
120486952  prkag3b; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3b isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
120487004  gsk3ba; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
120487082  irs2b; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
120487665  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120488069  calm1a; calmodulin-1a [KO:K02183]
120488072  [KO:K07208]
120488073  rheb; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
120488145  prkag2a; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2a isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
120488524  tsc2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
120488967  mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120489071  ikbkb; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
120489082  akt3b; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120489113  gys1; glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle [KO:K00693] [EC:2.4.1.11]
120489254  trip10a; cdc42-interacting protein 4 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K07196]
120489359  pdpk1a; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1a [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120489433  socs1a; suppressor of cytokine signaling 1a [KO:K04694]
120489500  ppp1caa; protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme a [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
120489627  [KO:K07827]
120489647  prkar1aa; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, alpha (tissue specific extinguisher 1) a [KO:K04739]
120490711  ppp1r3b; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3B isoform X1 [KO:K07189]
120490723  crkl; crk-like protein [KO:K04438]
120490736  socs4; suppressor of cytokine signaling 4 [KO:K04697]
120490767  tsc1b; TSC complex subunit 1b [KO:K07206]
120490776  [KO:K07206]
120490804  eif4ebp1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 [KO:K07205]
120490958  pde3b; cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B [KO:K13296] [EC:3.1.4.17]
120490963  calml4a; calmodulin-like protein 4a [KO:K02183]
120490965  gsk3bb; glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, genome duplicate b [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
120491168  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
120491192  prkab2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 [KO:K07199]
120491299  rps6; 40S ribosomal protein S6 [KO:K02991]
120492108  sos1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
120492853  ppp1cab; protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme b [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
120493186  grb2a; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2a isoform X1 [KO:K04364]
120493842  calm1b; calmodulin-1b [KO:K02183]
120493933  prkaa2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
120494231  phkb; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07190]
120494591  pygma; glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
120494605  bada; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
120494610  calm3b; calmodulin 3b (phosphorylase kinase, delta) [KO:K02183]
120494635  phkg1b; phosphorylase kinase, gamma 1b (muscle) [KO:K00871] [EC:2.7.11.19]
120494671  mapk9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120494687  ppp1cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
120495304  eif4e2; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 2 [KO:K03259]
120495327  irs2a; insulin receptor substrate 2a [KO:K07187]
120495436  map2k2a; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2a [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120495450  shc2; SHC-transforming protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17447]
Compound
C00031  D-Glucose
C00369  Starch
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
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Reference
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DOI:10.1159/000100426
Reference
PMID:18291668
  Authors
Raghow R, Yellaturu C, Deng X, Park EA, Elam MB
  Title
SREBPs: the crossroads of physiological and pathological lipid homeostasis.
  Journal
Trends Endocrinol Metab 19:65-73 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2007.10.009
Reference
PMID:11343120
  Authors
Clement S, Krause U, Desmedt F, Tanti JF, Behrends J, Pesesse X, Sasaki T, Penninger J, Doherty M, Malaisse W, Dumont JE, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Erneux C, Hue L, Schurmans S
  Title
The lipid phosphatase SHIP2 controls insulin sensitivity.
  Journal
Nature 409:92-7 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35051094
Reference
PMID:12791379
  Authors
Backers K, Blero D, Paternotte N, Zhang J, Erneux C
  Title
The termination of PI3K signalling by SHIP1 and SHIP2 inositol 5-phosphatases.
  Journal
Adv Enzyme Regul 43:15-28 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0065-2571(02)00043-2
Related
pathway
pprm00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
pprm00061  Fatty acid biosynthesis
pprm00500  Starch and sucrose metabolism
pprm04010  MAPK signaling pathway
pprm04070  Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
pprm04210  Apoptosis
KO pathway
ko04910   

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