Entry Name Glutamatergic synapse - Hylobates moloch (silvery gibbon)
Description Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class Organismal Systems; Nervous systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Other DBs Organism Hylobates moloch (silvery gibbon) [GN:
hmh ]
Gene 116457634 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
116457735 SLC1A7; excitatory amino acid transporter 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05618 ]
116458989 SHANK3; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3 [KO:K15009 ]
116459475 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
116459671 ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
116461034 LZTS3; leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K26472 ]
116461202 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
116461370 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X2 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
116461706 TRPC1; short transient receptor potential channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04964 ]
116461844 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
116462301 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
116462359 GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A isoform X1 [KO:K05209 ]
116466681 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
116468899 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
116469126 SHANK2; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15009 ]
116469652 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630 ]
116469841 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
116469917 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
116470209 GRIK2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 isoform X2 [KO:K05202 ]
116471265 GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534 ]
116472525 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
116472600 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
116472955 GRIK3; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05203 ]
116473372 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X9 [KO:K04851 ]
116473465 SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K13576 ]
116474673 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
116475178 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
116475542 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
116475911 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05208 ]
116476357 SLC1A2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05613 ]
116476426 SLC17A6; vesicular glutamate transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12302 ]
116477074 GRIK4; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05204 ]
116478057 SLC17A8; vesicular glutamate transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12302 ]
116478306 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04544 ]
116478572 CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X2 [KO:K04344 ]
116480605 GRIK5; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 isoform X2 [KO:K05205 ]
116481102 SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14990 ]
116481103 SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207 ]
116481481 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
116481969 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X6 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
116482593 GRIK1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05201 ]
116483152 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
116483464 GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C isoform X2 [KO:K05211 ]
116484566 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 isoform X3 [KO:K07826 ]
116810787 KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04997 ]
116811956 GNG5B; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5B [KO:K04542 ]
116812793 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
116814102 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
116814103 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
116814165 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Niswender CM, Conn PJ
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
Journal Reference Authors Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
Title Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
Journal Reference Authors Hermans E, Challiss RA
Title Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
Title Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
Journal Reference Authors Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
Title Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Gass JT, Olive MF
Title Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
Journal Reference Authors Palmada M, Centelles JJ
Title Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
Journal Reference Authors Schoepp DD
Title Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
Journal J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference Authors de Jong AP, Verhage M
Title Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
Journal Reference Authors Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
Title Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
Journal Reference Authors Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Conti F, Weinberg RJ
Title Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
Journal Reference Authors Sheng M, Kim MJ
Title Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
Journal Related KO pathway
