Entry Name Glutamatergic synapse - Mustela lutreola (European mink)
Description Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class Organismal Systems; Nervous systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Other DBs Organism Mustela lutreola (European mink) [GN:
mlk ]
Gene 131838851 SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 1 [KO:K14990 ]
131838852 SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207 ]
131838002 SLC17A8; vesicular glutamate transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12302 ]
131825297 GRIK1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05201 ]
131833569 GRIK2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05202 ]
131837310 GRIK4; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05204 ]
131817530 GRIK5; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05205 ]
131812507 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
131819881 GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A isoform X1 [KO:K05209 ]
131816519 GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C isoform X1 [KO:K05211 ]
131812693 GRIN3A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A isoform X1 [KO:K05213 ]
131834170 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
131828824 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
131839674 SHANK3; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15009 ]
131817262 SHANK2; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15009 ]
131817538 SHANK1; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15009 ]
131807975 LZTS3; leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K26472 ]
131825049 TRPC1; short transient receptor potential channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04964 ]
131812467 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
131836105 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
131808069 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
131808080 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
131824160 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
131834230 ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
131840487 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas-like [KO:K04632 ]
131840488 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
131829305 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04630 ]
131823969 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
131810079 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630 ]
131818465 GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534 ]
131808851 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
131819170 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
131838470 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
131824844 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
131836300 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539 ]
131836560 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
131814104 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
131829051 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
131828138 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542 ]
131810292 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
131823267 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
131818745 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
131812092 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
131829388 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
131838003 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12-like [KO:K04347 ]
131823580 GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
131820002 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
131829387 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
131815902 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
131827207 KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04997 ]
131823608 CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344 ]
131811339 SLC1A2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05613 ]
131823667 SLC1A6; excitatory amino acid transporter 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05617 ]
131838359 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
131824037 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
131823958 SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K13576 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Niswender CM, Conn PJ
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
Journal Reference Authors Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
Title Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
Journal Reference Authors Hermans E, Challiss RA
Title Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
Title Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
Journal Reference Authors Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
Title Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Gass JT, Olive MF
Title Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
Journal Reference Authors Palmada M, Centelles JJ
Title Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
Journal Reference Authors Schoepp DD
Title Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
Journal J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference Authors de Jong AP, Verhage M
Title Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
Journal Reference Authors Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
Title Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
Journal Reference Authors Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Conti F, Weinberg RJ
Title Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
Journal Reference Authors Sheng M, Kim MJ
Title Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
Journal Related KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
