KEGG   PATHWAY: cin04144
Entry
cin04144                    Pathway                                
Name
Endocytosis - Ciona intestinalis (yellow sea squirt)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
cin04144  Endocytosis
cin04144

Other DBs
GO: 0006897
Organism
Ciona intestinalis (yellow sea squirt) [GN:cin]
Gene
100185836  ADP-ribosylation factor 6 [KO:K07941]
104266814  ADP-ribosylation factor 6-like [KO:K07941]
100187365  phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
100186167  phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase-like protein 1 [KO:K13712] [EC:2.7.1.68]
100182057  phospholipase D1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
100184166  dynamin-1 isoform X8 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
100178066  clathrin light chain B-like isoform X2 [KO:K04645]
100178259  clathrin heavy chain 1-like [KO:K04646]
100181986  AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2 [KO:K11824]
100182553  AP-2 complex subunit mu isoform X3 [KO:K11826]
100187027  AP-2 complex subunit sigma [KO:K11827]
445775  tgfbr-ic; TGFbeta-recepter I homologue precursor [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
778778  tgfbr-iib; transforming growth factor beta receptor precursor [KO:K04388] [EC:2.7.11.30]
100170079  zf(fyve)-3; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 [KO:K04679]
100178575  mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 [KO:K23605]
100176362  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL-B-B isoform X1 [KO:K04707] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100186262  SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12470]
100183862  endophilin-A2 isoform X1 [KO:K11247]
100175101  endophilin-B1 [KO:K11248]
100186687  myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12562]
100179747  epsin-2 [KO:K12471]
100178401  epsin-1 [KO:K12471]
100181812  epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 [KO:K12472]
100186436  spartin [KO:K19366]
100176211  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4-like [KO:K10591] [EC:2.3.2.26]
100181157  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 [KO:K06643] [EC:2.3.2.27]
778949  zf(traf/ring)-3; zinc finger protein [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100175038  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SMURF2 isoform X1 [KO:K04678] [EC:2.3.2.26]
100182617  NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase WWP1 [KO:K05633] [EC:2.3.2.26]
100177528  disabled homolog 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K12475]
100184862  beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
100177731  rhodopsin kinase isoform X2 [KO:K08291] [EC:2.7.11.16]
100186924  G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08291] [EC:2.7.11.16]
445612  ciarr; arrestin [KO:K04439]
104266813  uncharacterized protein LOC104266813 isoform X2 [KO:K23612]
100185499  actin-related protein 2 [KO:K17260]
100180684  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: actin-related protein 3 [KO:K18584]
100182145  actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1A [KO:K05757]
100179260  actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2-like [KO:K05758]
100176247  actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3-like [KO:K05756]
445773  ar20; ar20 protein [KO:K05755]
100185040  actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like [KO:K05754]
100185282  WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 1 isoform X2 [KO:K19475]
619232  hsp70; heat shock protein 70 [KO:K03283]
100187210  heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein [KO:K03283]
100187065  WASH complex subunit 4 [KO:K18465]
100175056  WASH complex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K18464]
100182113  WASH complex subunit 1 [KO:K18461]
100181722  WASH complex subunit 3-like [KO:K18463]
100181530  capza; uncharacterized protein LOC100181530 [KO:K10364]
100181273  capzb; uncharacterized protein LOC100181273 [KO:K10365]
100176748  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29 [KO:K18467]
100179535  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B [KO:K18466]
100180632  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 [KO:K18468]
100176145  sorting nexin-12-like isoform X1 [KO:K17918]
100186923  ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 8-like [KO:K11839] [EC:3.4.19.12]
100177767  STAM-binding protein-like A [KO:K11866] [EC:3.4.19.12]
100183094  ras-related protein rab7-like [KO:K07897]
778843  zf(fyve)-11; zinc finger protein [KO:K12182]
100177243  signal transducing adapter molecule 1-like [KO:K04705]
104265386  tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K12183]
100183161  multivesicular body subunit 12B-like isoform X1 [KO:K12186]
100182534  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog [KO:K12184]
100179674  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B-like [KO:K12185]
100176704  vacuolar-sorting protein SNF8 [KO:K12188]
100177294  vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36-like [KO:K12190]
100177673  vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 [KO:K12189]
100180662  charged multivesicular body protein 6-B-like [KO:K12195]
100185572  charged multivesicular body protein 4b-like isoform X2 [KO:K12194]
100176174  charged multivesicular body protein 3-like [KO:K12193]
100178975  charged multivesicular body protein 2a-like [KO:K12191]
100181241  charged multivesicular body protein 2b-A [KO:K12192]
100185525  charged multivesicular body protein 7-like [KO:K15053]
100180144  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B-like [KO:K12196]
104266244  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog [KO:K12199]
100176729  charged multivesicular body protein 1a-like [KO:K12197]
100182764  charged multivesicular body protein 5 [KO:K12198]
104266595  IST1 homolog [KO:K19476]
100187545  programmed cell death 6-interacting protein-like [KO:K12200]
100182140  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: maspardin [KO:K19367]
100186527  cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor [KO:K06564]
100178582  sorting nexin-2-like [KO:K17917]
100179728  sorting nexin-6 [KO:K17920]
100181786  sorting nexin-5 [KO:K17920]
113474091  tyrosine-protein kinase SRK3-like [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
445700  rhoc; RhoA protein [KO:K04513]
100183675  folate receptor gamma-like [KO:K13649]
100178291  folate receptor gamma [KO:K13649]
100186021  uncharacterized protein LOC100186021 [KO:K13649]
104265688  riboflavin-binding protein-like [KO:K13649]
100177697  caveolin-3 [KO:K06278]
100176986  EH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12476]
751565  zf(fyve/c2h2)-2; zinc finger protein ZF2 [KO:K12478]
100182193  ras-related protein Rab-5B [KO:K07889]
100185595  rab GTPase-binding effector protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K12480]
100185016  rabenosyn-5 isoform X2 [KO:K12481]
100169994  zf(fyve)-7; zinc finger (FYVE)-7 [KO:K12482]
100185569  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 [KO:K12479]
100179839  sorting nexin-4-like [KO:K17919]
100185758  ras-related protein Rab-10-like [KO:K07903]
100183241  ras-related protein Rab-10-like isoform X1 [KO:K07903]
100176069  ras-related protein Rab-8B [KO:K07901]
100177910  ras and EF-hand domain-containing protein homolog [KO:K07901]
100183846  ras-related protein Rab-35 [KO:K07876]
100178018  ras-related protein RABA2a-like [KO:K07904]
100184914  ras-related protein RABA2b-like [KO:K07904]
100175425  ras-related protein Rab-11B-like [KO:K07905]
100178195  rab11 family-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12484]
100175234  kinesin heavy chain isoform X2 [KO:K10396]
100180447  rab11 family-interacting protein 3-like [KO:K12485]
100186371  partitioning defective 3 homolog [KO:K04237]
100175009  partitioning defective protein 6 [KO:K06093]
100180863  protein kinase C iota type-like [KO:K06069] [EC:2.7.11.13]
445704  TC10 protein [KO:K04393]
445701  cdc42; cell division cycle 42 [KO:K04393]
100169665  ci-arfgap-2; zinc finger protein ArfGAP-2 [KO:K12486]
100169688  ci-arfgap-3; zinc finger protein Ci-ArfGAP-3 [KO:K12487]
723804  ci-arfgap-11; zinc finger protein Ci-ArfGAP-11 [KO:K12488]
778997  arfgap-6; zinc finger protein [KO:K12489]
100169677  centd2; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18439]
100177219  arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12491]
100179643  ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 [KO:K12492]
100169884  arfgap-10; Arf GTPase activating protein 10 [KO:K12493]
100185661  ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3-like [KO:K12493]
100179170  PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12494]
100185328  IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K12495]
100175409  cytohesin-1 [KO:K18441]
100184439  brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18442]
100185387  Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K18443]
100178829  ADP-ribosylation factor 2 [KO:K07937]
100184752  ADP-ribosylation factor 1 [KO:K07937]
104266462  ADP-ribosylation factor-like [KO:K07937]
100185418  ADP-ribosylation factor 6-like [KO:K07937]
108949548  ADP-ribosylation factor 2 [KO:K07937]
100183914  ADP-ribosylation factor 3 [KO:K07938]
100182217  ADP-ribosylation factor 4-like [KO:K07939]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
PMID:19007773
  Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
  Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
  Journal
Exp Cell Res 315:1610-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.10.014
Reference
PMID:18647649
  Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
  Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
  Journal
Cell Signal 21:1-6 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.06.020
Reference
PMID:15261671
  Authors
Sorkin A
  Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 16:392-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2004.06.001
Reference
PMID:19325624
  Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
  Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
  Journal
Nature 458:445-52 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nature07961
Reference
PMID:20110990
  Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
  Title
The endocytic matrix.
  Journal
Nature 463:464-73 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nature08910
Reference
PMID:15687999
  Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
  Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:112-26 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1571
Reference
PMID:19924646
  Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
  Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
  Journal
Histol Histopathol 25:99-112 (2010)
DOI:10.14670/HH-25.99
Reference
PMID:16203612
  Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
  Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
  Journal
Ann Med 37:394-403 (2005)
DOI:10.1080/07853890510011976
Reference
PMID:19696797
  Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
  Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 10:597-608 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nrm2755
Reference
PMID:22193161
  Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
  Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
  Journal
Nat Cell Biol 14:29-37 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/ncb2374
Related
pathway
cin04070  Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
cin04130  SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
cin04142  Lysosome
cin04350  TGF-beta signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04144   
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