Entry
Name
Vascular smooth muscle contraction - Megalobrama amblycephala (Wuchang bream)
Description
The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) is a highly specialized cell whose principal function is contraction. On contraction, VSMCs shorten, thereby decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel to regulate the blood flow and pressure.
The principal mechanisms that regulate the contractile state of VSMCs are changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c). In response to vasoconstrictor stimuli, Ca2+ is mobilized from intracellular stores and/or the extracellular space to increase [Ca2+]c in VSMCs. The increase in [Ca2+]c, in turn, activates the Ca2+-CaM-MLCK pathway and stimulates MLC20 phosphorylation, leading to myosin-actin interactions and, hence, the development of contractile force. The sensitivity of contractile myofilaments or MLC20 phosphorylation to Ca2+ can be secondarily modulated by other signaling pathways. During receptor stimulation, the contractile force is greatly enhanced by the inhibition of myosin phosphatase. Rho/Rho kinase, PKC, and arachidonic acid have been proposed to play a pivotal role in this enhancement.
The signaling events that mediate relaxation include the removal of a contractile agonist (passive relaxation) and activation of cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling pathways in the continued presence of a contractile agonist (active relaxation). Active relaxation occurs through the inhibition of both Ca2+ mobilization and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in VSMCs.
Class
Organismal Systems; Circulatory system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Megalobrama amblycephala (Wuchang bream) [GN:
mamb ]
Gene
125250148 agtr1a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: type-1B angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166 ]
125267894 gnaq; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
125263822 gna11a; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11a isoform X1 [KO:K04635 ]
125249962 gna11b; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11b isoform X1 [KO:K04635 ]
125254972 calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04936 ]
125276641 kcnma1a; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1a isoform X1 [KO:K04936 ]
125256302 si:ch211-247n2.1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-2 [KO:K04938 ]
125251048 kcnmb2; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-2 [KO:K04938 ]
125251047 kcnmb3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-3 [KO:K04939 ]
125245652 cacna1c; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
125280569 cacna1db; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
125256332 cacna1da; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit, a isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
125279615 cacna1fb; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1F subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
125280153 cacna1fa; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04853 ]
125263059 cacna1sa; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1S subunit, a isoform X1 [KO:K04857 ]
125279856 cacna1sb; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1S subunit, b [KO:K04857 ]
125247787 calml4b; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183 ]
125248338 calm3a; calmodulin 3a (phosphorylase kinase, delta) isoform X1 [KO:K02183 ]
125278657 plcb4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
125265626 plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
125269274 plcb2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
125273734 itpr1a; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
125256994 itpr1b; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
125254454 itpr2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959 ]
125279368 itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
125253954 map2k1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368 ] [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
125266393 ppp1r14aa; protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 14Aa isoform X1 [KO:K12328 ]
125249434 ppp1r14ab; protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 14Ab [KO:K12328 ]
125254963 ppp1cab; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme b [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
125246147 ppp1r12a; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A isoform X1 [KO:K06270 ]
125246847 zmp:0000001167; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A [KO:K06270 ]
125278121 ppp1r12c; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12C isoform X1 [KO:K17457 ]
125269719 gna12a; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12a [KO:K04346 ]
125271647 gna13b; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13b [KO:K04639 ]
125255403 gna13a; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13a [KO:K04639 ]
125248336 arhgef12a; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 isoform X1 [KO:K07532 ]
125267681 arhgef12b; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 isoform X1 [KO:K07532 ]
125280858 arhgef1b; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1b isoform X7 [KO:K12330 ]
125265268 arhgef11; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11 [KO:K12331 ]
125264641 calca; calcitonin/calcitonin-related polypeptide, alpha isoform X1 [KO:K12332 ]
125270636 calcrla; calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor [KO:K04577 ]
125274354 calcrlb; calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor [KO:K04577 ]
125259975 calcrl2; calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor [KO:K04577 ]
125257636 receptor activity-modifying protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K08447 ]
125252600 receptor activity-modifying protein 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K08449 ]
125273564 gnas; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
125255428 prkacaa; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha, genome duplicate a isoform X1 [KO:K04345 ] [EC:2.7.11.11 ]
125265796 mrvi1; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor associated 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12337 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Akata T
Title
Cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating vascular tone. Part 2: regulatory mechanisms modulating Ca2+ mobilization and/or myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ogut O, Brozovich FV
Title
Regulation of force in vascular smooth muscle.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hilgers RH, Webb RC
Title
Molecular aspects of arterial smooth muscle contraction: focus on Rho.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schlossmann J, Feil R, Hofmann F
Title
Signaling through NO and cGMP-dependent protein kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mehta PK, Griendling KK
Title
Angiotensin II cell signaling: physiological and pathological effects in the cardiovascular system.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kim HR, Appel S, Vetterkind S, Gangopadhyay SS, Morgan KG
Title
Smooth muscle signalling pathways in health and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fukata Y, Amano M, Kaibuchi K
Title
Rho-Rho-kinase pathway in smooth muscle contraction and cytoskeletal reorganization of non-muscle cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dimopoulos GJ, Semba S, Kitazawa K, Eto M, Kitazawa T
Title
Ca2+-dependent rapid Ca2+ sensitization of contraction in arterial smooth muscle.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hynynen MM, Khalil RA
Title
The vascular endothelin system in hypertension--recent patents and discoveries.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brain SD, Grant AD
Title
Vascular actions of calcitonin gene-related peptide and adrenomedullin.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roman RJ
Title
P-450 metabolites of arachidonic acid in the control of cardiovascular function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Surks HK
Title
cGMP-dependent protein kinase I and smooth muscle relaxation: a tale of two isoforms.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vanhoutte PM
Title
Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations: the history.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Davis MJ, Hill MA
Title
Signaling mechanisms underlying the vascular myogenic response.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fleming I.
Title
Cytochrome p450 and vascular homeostasis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Carvajal JA, Germain AM, Huidobro-Toro JP, Weiner CP
Title
Molecular mechanism of cGMP-mediated smooth muscle relaxation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ko EA, Han J, Jung ID, Park WS
Title
Physiological roles of K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Woodard GE, Rosado JA
Title
Natriuretic peptides in vascular physiology and pathology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berry C, Touyz R, Dominiczak AF, Webb RC, Johns DG
Title
Angiotensin receptors: signaling, vascular pathophysiology, and interactions with ceramide.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hirano K, Hirano M, Kanaide H
Title
Regulation of myosin phosphorylation and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Freeman EJ, Ruehr ML, Dorman RV
Title
ANG II-induced translocation of cytosolic PLA2 to the nucleus in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murphy TV, Spurrell BE, Hill MA
Title
Cellular signalling in arteriolar myogenic constriction: involvement of tyrosine phosphorylation pathways.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
LinkDB
All DBs