Entry
Name
Aldosterone synthesis and secretion - Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque)
Description
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone synthesized in and secreted from the outer layer of the adrenal cortex, the zona glomerulosa. Aldosterone plays an important role in the regulation of systemic blood pressure through the absorption of sodium and water. Angiotensin II (Ang II), potassium (K+) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) are the main extracellular stimuli which regulate aldosterone secretion. These physiological agonists all converge on two major intracellular signaling pathways: calcium (Ca2+) mobilization and an increase in cAMP production. The increase in cytosolic calcium levels activates calcium/calmodulin- dependent protein kinases (CaMK), and the increased cAMP levels stimulate the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, or protein kinase A (PKA). The activated CaMK, and possibly PKA, activates transcription factors (NURR1 and NGF1B, CREB) to induce StAR and CYP11B2 expression, the early and late rate- limiting steps in aldosterone biosynthesis, respectively, thereby stimulating aldosterone secretion.
Class
Organismal Systems; Endocrine system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
mcf04925 Aldosterone synthesis and secretion
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque) [GN:
mcf ]
Gene
102130397 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634 ]
102123885 GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635 ]
101925220 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X2 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
102140615 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
102136896 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
101865389 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
102115744 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
102116003 ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
102141699 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05870 ]
101925838 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
102117938 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
102134095 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K09048 ]
102146405 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
102142378 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
102139679 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
102136437 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
102123367 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X2 [KO:K09047 ]
102129446 ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X1 [KO:K09049 ]
102124814 ATF1; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-1 isoform X3 [KO:K09053 ]
101867235 KCNK9; potassium channel subfamily K member 9 isoform X2 [KO:K04919 ]
102134496 KCNJ5; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 [KO:K04999 ]
102135605 ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 isoform X2 [KO:K01540 ]
101865296 ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 isoform X2 [KO:K01540 ]
101866484 ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540 ]
101925139 CACNA1G; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G isoform X1 [KO:K04854 ]
102138731 CACNA1H; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H isoform X1 [KO:K04855 ]
102138964 CACNA1I; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I isoform X1 [KO:K04856 ]
101865175 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
102138213 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X7 [KO:K04851 ]
102119841 CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
102131553 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X1 [KO:K04857 ]
102129315 ORAI1; calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 [KO:K16056 ]
101926613 CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
102126681 CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
101865637 CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
101866326 CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
102141434 SCARB1; scavenger receptor class B member 1 isoform X4 [KO:K13885 ]
102145630 GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X10 [KO:K04632 ]
102132972 STAR; steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial [KO:K16931 ]
102125859 NR4A2; nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08558 ]
102146285 NR4A1; nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04465 ]
Compound
C01124 18-Hydroxycorticosterone
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Hattangady NG, Olala LO, Bollag WB, Rainey WE
Title
Acute and chronic regulation of aldosterone production.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bollag WB
Title
Regulation of aldosterone synthesis and secretion.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Spat A, Hunyady L
Title
Control of aldosterone secretion: a model for convergence in cellular signaling pathways.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Boon WC, Coghlan JP, Curnow KM, McDougall JG
Title
Aldosterone secretion: a molecular perspective.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bassett MH, Suzuki T, Sasano H, White PC, Rainey WE
Title
The orphan nuclear receptors NURR1 and NGFIB regulate adrenal aldosterone production.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Guagliardo NA, Yao J, Hu C, Barrett PQ
Title
Minireview: aldosterone biosynthesis: electrically gated for our protection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Spat A, Fulop L, Szanda G
Title
The role of mitochondrial Ca(2+) and NAD(P)H in the control of aldosterone secretion.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Spat A, Szanda G
Title
Special features of mitochondrial Ca(2)(+) signalling in adrenal glomerulosa cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tsai LC, Beavo JA
Title
The roles of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in steroidogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Delcayre C, Silvestre JS
Title
Aldosterone and the heart: towards a physiological function?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lisurek M, Bernhardt R
Title
Modulation of aldosterone and cortisol synthesis on the molecular level.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Miller WL
Title
Steroid hormone synthesis in mitochondria.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Martinez-Arguelles DB, Papadopoulos V
Title
Mechanisms mediating environmental chemical-induced endocrine disruption in the adrenal gland.
Journal
Related pathway
mcf04960 Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption
KO pathway
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