KEGG   PATHWAY: mmf04613
Entry
mmf04613                    Pathway                                
Name
Neutrophil extracellular trap formation - Molossus molossus (Pallas's mastiff bat)
Description
Neutrophils play a central role in innate immune defense. One of the mechanisms of neutrophil action is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), the extracellular structures composed of chromatin coated with histones, proteases and granular and cytosolic proteins that help catch and kill microorganisms. NETs are formed by a process known as "NETosis" that can be triggered by microorganisms and endogenous stimuli, such as damage-associated molecular patterns and immune complexes, and involves activation in most cases of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase, which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent study has reported that there are two different mechanisms of NETosis, including a lytic NETosis and a vital NETosis. Lytic NETosis begins with nuclear delobulation and the disassembly of the nuclear envelope and continues with loss of cellular polarization, chromatin decondensation and plasma membrane rupture. Vital NETosis can occur independently of cell death and involves the secreted expulsion of nuclear chromatin that is accompanied by the release of granule proteins through degranulation.
Class
Organismal Systems; Immune system
Pathway map
mmf04613  Neutrophil extracellular trap formation
mmf04613

Organism
Molossus molossus (Pallas's mastiff bat) [GN:mmf]
Gene
118637098  FCGR3A; low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A isoform X1 [KO:K06463]
118641349  SYK; tyrosine-protein kinase SYK [KO:K05855] [EC:2.7.10.2]
118621083  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
118633343  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118628434  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
118615385  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
118640210  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
118642307  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
118635805  cytochrome b-245 heavy chain [KO:K21421] [EC:1.-.-.-]
118641800  NCF1; neutrophil cytosol factor 1 [KO:K08011]
118638681  cytochrome b-245 light chain [KO:K08009]
118637429  NCF2; neutrophil cytosol factor 2 [KO:K08010]
118624524  NCF4; neutrophil cytosol factor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08012]
118616519  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 [KO:K04392]
118624097  RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 [KO:K07860]
118636314  TLR7; toll-like receptor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K05404]
118636426  TLR8; toll-like receptor 8 [KO:K10170]
118616311  ELANE; neutrophil elastase [KO:K01327] [EC:3.4.21.37]
118634389  MPO; myeloperoxidase [KO:K10789] [EC:1.11.2.2]
118635031  ACTG1; actin, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K05692]
118616016  ACTB; actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
118627971  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1-like [KO:K05862]
118615375  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
118632500  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
118635695  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3-like [KO:K15041]
118622548  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
118615394  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3-like [KO:K15041]
118620018  ADP/ATP translocase 3-like [KO:K05863]
118635791  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
118636454  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
118622563  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
118616075  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
118632332  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
118626496  PADI4; protein-arginine deiminase type-4 [KO:K24669] [EC:3.5.3.15]
118637846  FCGR1A; high affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I [KO:K06498]
118637096  low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-like isoform X1 [KO:K06472]
118641414  integrin alpha-M-like isoform X1 [KO:K06461]
118617065  ITGB2; integrin beta-2 [KO:K06464]
118641577  ITGAL; integrin alpha-L isoform X1 [KO:K05718]
118624540  CLEC7A; C-type lectin domain family 7 member A isoform X1 [KO:K10074]
118618720  SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src isoform X1 [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
118618293  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
118618784  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
118628278  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
118632151  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
118618299  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
118639621  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
118633872  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
118641370  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
118638191  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
118632948  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
118638322  N-formyl peptide receptor 2-like [KO:K04173]
118638325  N-formyl peptide receptor 2-like [KO:K04173]
118638328  N-formyl peptide receptor 2-like [KO:K04173]
118638329  N-formyl peptide receptor 2-like [KO:K04173]
118638330  N-formyl peptide receptor 2-like [KO:K04173]
118632927  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
118626944  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
118617106  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
118626685  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
118642883  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
118616460  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
118640620  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118619617  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118630299  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118638405  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118627075  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118624789  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
118628367  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
118615878  C3; complement C3 [KO:K03990]
118629732  C5; complement C5 [KO:K03994]
118639243  C5AR1; C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 [KO:K04010]
118624110  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
118642004  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
118616119  TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 [KO:K10159]
118629497  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10160]
118641186  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
118641187  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
118621004  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
118621005  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
118633914  ITGA2B; integrin alpha-IIb [KO:K06476]
118634259  ITGB3; integrin beta-3 [KO:K06493]
118616349  FGA; fibrinogen alpha chain [KO:K03903]
118615871  FGB; fibrinogen beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K03904]
118615860  FGG; fibrinogen gamma chain isoform X1 [KO:K03905]
118634419  GP1BA; platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain [KO:K06261]
118623334  VWF; von Willebrand factor [KO:K03900]
118636936  P-selectin-like isoform X1 [KO:K06496]
118639950  SELPLG; P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06544]
118621128  AGER; advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor [KO:K19722]
118627675  caspase-13-like [KO:K04394] [EC:3.4.22.57 3.4.22.64]
118628466  caspase-13-like [KO:K04394] [EC:3.4.22.57 3.4.22.64]
118628467  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: caspase-13-like [KO:K04394] [EC:3.4.22.57 3.4.22.64]
118627674  caspase-1-like [KO:K01370] [EC:3.4.22.36]
118643351  GSDMD; gasdermin-D isoform X1 [KO:K20917]
118625801  HAT1; histone acetyltransferase type B catalytic subunit [KO:K11303] [EC:2.3.1.48]
118619389  histone H2A.V-like [KO:K11251]
118620312  histone H2A.V [KO:K11251]
118628201  histone H2AX [KO:K11251]
118635690  histone H2A-Bbd type 2/3 [KO:K11251]
118636622  histone H2A-Bbd type 2/3-like [KO:K11251]
118636638  histone H2A-Bbd type 2/3-like [KO:K11251]
118637163  histone H2A type 1-H-like [KO:K11251]
118637168  histone H2A type 1 [KO:K11251]
118637169  histone H2A type 1-D [KO:K11251]
118637170  histone H2A type 1 [KO:K11251]
118637171  histone H2A type 1 [KO:K11251]
118637172  histone H2A type 1-D [KO:K11251]
118637173  histone H2A type 1 [KO:K11251]
118637174  histone H2A type 1 [KO:K11251]
118637175  histone H2A type 1 [KO:K11251]
118637176  histone H2A type 1 [KO:K11251]
118637177  histone H2A type 1-H [KO:K11251]
118637196  histone H2A type 1-like [KO:K11251]
118637411  histone H2A type 1-A-like [KO:K11251]
118637619  core histone macro-H2A.1-like [KO:K11251]
118630504  histone H2A.Z [KO:K11251]
118638005  histone H2A type 2-A [KO:K11251]
118638007  histone H2A type 2-A [KO:K11251]
118638008  histone H2A type 2-B [KO:K11251]
118638009  histone H2A type 2-C [KO:K11251]
118616024  core histone macro-H2A.1 isoform X1 [KO:K11251]
118624572  histone H2A.J [KO:K11251]
118632310  core histone macro-H2A.2 [KO:K11251]
118641463  histone H2B subacrosomal variant-like [KO:K11252]
118619915  histone H2B type 2-E1 [KO:K11252]
118637164  histone H2B type 1-K-like [KO:K11252]
118637165  histone H2B type 1-M [KO:K11252]
118637180  histone H2B type 1-K [KO:K11252]
118637181  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
118637182  histone H2B type 1-H [KO:K11252]
118637183  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
118637184  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
118637185  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
118637186  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
118637187  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
118637188  histone H2B type 1-K [KO:K11252]
118637189  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
118637191  histone H2B type 1-B [KO:K11252]
118637192  histone H2B type 2-E [KO:K11252]
118637193  histone H2B type 1-H-like [KO:K11252]
118637348  histone H2B type 1-A [KO:K11252]
118637410  histone H2B type 1-A-like isoform X1 [KO:K11252]
118637847  histone H2B type 2-F [KO:K11252]
118638010  histone H2B type 2-E [KO:K11252]
118638011  histone H2B type 2-E [KO:K11252]
118638373  histone H2B 1/2-like [KO:K11252]
118637194  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
118637195  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
118637197  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
118637198  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
118638012  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
118625702  histone H3.3A-like [KO:K11253]
118640520  histone H3.3A [KO:K11253]
118633745  histone H3.3A [KO:K11253]
118634059  histone H3.3A-like [KO:K11253]
118621044  histone H3.3A-like [KO:K11253]
118636230  histone H3.3A-like [KO:K11253]
118637166  histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
118637167  histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
118637202  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC118637202 [KO:K11253]
118637203  histone H3.1-like [KO:K11253]
118637255  histone H3.1-like [KO:K11253]
118637620  uncharacterized protein LOC118637620 [KO:K11253]
118643815  histone H3.3A-like [KO:K11253]
118623257  histone H3.3A-like [KO:K11253]
118637624  uncharacterized protein LOC118637624 [KO:K11253]
118638004  histone H3 [KO:K11253]
118638014  histone H3-like [KO:K11253]
118638015  histone H3-like [KO:K11253]
118624560  histone H3.3A-like [KO:K11253]
118626632  HDAC1; histone deacetylase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
118621643  HDAC2; histone deacetylase 2 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
118624162  histone deacetylase 2-like [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
118615784  HDAC3; histone deacetylase 3 [KO:K11404] [EC:3.5.1.98]
118633816  HDAC5; histone deacetylase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
118625264  HDAC4; histone deacetylase 4 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
118635893  HDAC6; histone deacetylase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K11407] [EC:3.5.1.98]
118624663  HDAC7; histone deacetylase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K11408] [EC:3.5.1.98]
118635895  HDAC8; histone deacetylase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K11405] [EC:3.5.1.98]
118619779  histone deacetylase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K11409] [EC:3.5.1.98]
118641179  HDAC10; polyamine deacetylase HDAC10 isoform X1 [KO:K18671] [EC:3.5.1.98]
118617340  HDAC11; histone deacetylase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K11418] [EC:3.5.1.98]
118640469  cathepsin G-like [KO:K01319] [EC:3.4.21.20]
118643159  cathepsin G-like [KO:K01319] [EC:3.4.21.20]
118633461  cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide [KO:K13916]
118635728  CLCN5; H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05012]
118635879  CLCN4; H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 4 [KO:K05012]
118643485  CLCN3; H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05012]
118633094  AQP9; aquaporin-9 isoform X1 [KO:K09877]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00039  DNA
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00338  Lipopolysaccharide
C00464  Mannan
C00518  Hyaluronate
C00551  beta-D-Glucan
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05151  12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11221  Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine methyl ester
Reference
PMID:29543328
  Authors
Van Avondt K, Hartl D
  Title
Mechanisms and disease relevance of neutrophil extracellular trap formation.
  Journal
Eur J Clin Invest 48 Suppl 2:e12919 (2018)
DOI:10.1111/eci.12919
Reference
PMID:31518165
  Authors
Sorvillo N, Cherpokova D, Martinod K, Wagner DD
  Title
Extracellular DNA NET-Works With Dire Consequences for Health.
  Journal
Circ Res 125:470-488 (2019)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.314581
Reference
PMID:28990587
  Authors
Papayannopoulos V
  Title
Neutrophil extracellular traps in immunity and disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 18:134-147 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/nri.2017.105
Reference
PMID:24837201
  Authors
Liu FC, Chuang YH, Tsai YF, Yu HP
  Title
Role of neutrophil extracellular traps following injury.
  Journal
Shock 41:491-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1097/SHK.0000000000000146
Reference
PMID:27570525
  Authors
Yang H, Biermann MH, Brauner JM, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Herrmann M
  Title
New Insights into Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Mechanisms of Formation and Role in Inflammation.
  Journal
Front Immunol 7:302 (2016)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00302
Reference
PMID:28983472
  Authors
Zawrotniak M, Bochenska O, Karkowska-Kuleta J, Seweryn-Ozog K, Aoki W, Ueda M, Kozik A, Rapala-Kozik M
  Title
Aspartic Proteases and Major Cell Wall Components in Candida albicans Trigger the Release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps.
  Journal
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 7:414 (2017)
DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00414
Reference
PMID:29382950
  Authors
Honda M, Kubes P
  Title
Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in the liver and gastrointestinal system.
  Journal
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 15:206-221 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.183
Reference
PMID:31416265
  Authors
Hamam HJ, Palaniyar N
  Title
Post-Translational Modifications in NETosis and NETs-Mediated Diseases.
  Journal
Biomolecules 9:E369 (2019)
DOI:10.3390/biom9080369
Reference
PMID:31767647
  Authors
Burgener SS, Schroder K
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Host Defense.
  Journal
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 12:a037028 (2020)
DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a037028
Reference
PMID:33202203
  Authors
Vorobjeva NV, Chernyak BV
  Title
NETosis: Molecular Mechanisms, Role in Physiology and Pathology.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 85:1178-1190 (2020)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297920100065
Reference
PMID:31416173
  Authors
Ravindran M, Khan MA, Palaniyar N
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation: Physiology, Pathology, and Pharmacology.
  Journal
Biomolecules 9:E365 (2019)
DOI:10.3390/biom9080365
Reference
PMID:28267716
  Authors
Jorch SK, Kubes P
  Title
An emerging role for neutrophil extracellular traps in noninfectious disease.
  Journal
Nat Med 23:279-287 (2017)
DOI:10.1038/nm.4294
Reference
PMID:31342866
  Authors
Goggs R, Jeffery U, LeVine DN, Li RHL
  Title
Neutrophil-Extracellular Traps, Cell-Free DNA, and Immunothrombosis in Companion Animals: A Review.
  Journal
Vet Pathol 57:6-23 (2020)
DOI:10.1177/0300985819861721
Reference
PMID:27876233
  Authors
Kim SJ, Jenne CN
  Title
Role of platelets in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) production and tissue injury.
  Journal
Semin Immunol 28:546-554 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2016.10.013
Reference
PMID:29572545
  Authors
de Bont CM, Boelens WC, Pruijn GJM
  Title
NETosis, complement, and coagulation: a triangular relationship.
  Journal
Cell Mol Immunol 16:19-27 (2019)
DOI:10.1038/s41423-018-0024-0
Reference
PMID:31129510
  Authors
Zawrotniak M, Bartnicka D, Rapala-Kozik M
  Title
UVA and UVB radiation induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps by human polymorphonuclear cells.
  Journal
J Photochem Photobiol B 196:111511 (2019)
DOI:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111511
Reference
PMID:21293492
  Authors
Remijsen Q, Kuijpers TW, Wirawan E, Lippens S, Vandenabeele P, Vanden Berghe T
  Title
Dying for a cause: NETosis, mechanisms behind an antimicrobial cell death modality.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 18:581-8 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2011.1
Reference
PMID:23819131
  Authors
Zawrotniak M, Rapala-Kozik M
  Title
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) - formation and implications.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Pol 60:277-84 (2013)
Reference
PMID:28373871
  Authors
Rosales C
  Title
Fcgamma Receptor Heterogeneity in Leukocyte Functional Responses.
  Journal
Front Immunol 8:280 (2017)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00280
Reference
PMID:25716722
  Authors
Vorobjeva NV, Pinegin BV
  Title
Neutrophil extracellular traps: mechanisms of formation and role in health and disease.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 79:1286-96 (2014)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297914120025
Reference
PMID:28220120
  Authors
Delgado-Rizo V, Martinez-Guzman MA, Iniguez-Gutierrez L, Garcia-Orozco A, Alvarado-Navarro A, Fafutis-Morris M
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Its Implications in Inflammation: An Overview.
  Journal
Front Immunol 8:81 (2017)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00081
Reference
PMID:30023352
  Authors
Fonseca Z, Diaz-Godinez C, Mora N, Aleman OR, Uribe-Querol E, Carrero JC, Rosales C
  Title
Entamoeba histolytica Induce Signaling via Raf/MEK/ERK for Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Formation.
  Journal
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 8:226 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00226
Reference
PMID:27923601
  Authors
Agraz-Cibrian JM, Giraldo DM, Mary FM, Urcuqui-Inchima S
  Title
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of NETs and their role in antiviral innate immunity.
  Journal
Virus Res 228:124-133 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.033
Reference
PMID:27698656
  Authors
Schonrich G, Raftery MJ
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Go Viral.
  Journal
Front Immunol 7:366 (2016)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00366
Reference
PMID:22817992
  Authors
Saitoh T, Komano J, Saitoh Y, Misawa T, Takahama M, Kozaki T, Uehata T, Iwasaki H, Omori H, Yamaoka S, Yamamoto N, Akira S
  Title
Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate a host defense response to human immunodeficiency virus-1.
  Journal
Cell Host Microbe 12:109-16 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2012.05.015
Reference
PMID:29908538
  Authors
Kumar S, Gupta E, Kaushik S, Jyoti A
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Formation and Involvement in Disease Progression.
  Journal
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 17:208-220 (2018)
Related
pathway
mmf04010  MAPK signaling pathway
mmf04020  Calcium signaling pathway
mmf04140  Autophagy - animal
mmf04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
mmf04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
mmf04611  Platelet activation
mmf04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
mmf04621  NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
mmf04666  Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis
KO pathway
ko04613   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system