KEGG   PATHWAY: nasi05012
Entry
nasi05012                   Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis (Yangtze finless porpoise)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
nasi05012  Parkinson disease
nasi05012

Organism
Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis (Yangtze finless porpoise) [GN:nasi]
Gene
112412263  ADORA2A; adenosine receptor A2a [KO:K04266]
112412304  GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha [KO:K04633]
112402955  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas-like [KO:K04632]
112402987  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55-like [KO:K04632]
112405727  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04145]
112397853  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
112394627  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
112395048  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
112407274  ADCY5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112414741  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
112415075  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
112405119  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
112402592  UBA1; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
112415716  ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
112395165  UBA7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 isoform X1 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
112414674  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
112404866  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
112394096  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02977]
112392958  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
112405068  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
112408840  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
112402170  UBE2L6; ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112409911  UBE2J2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112401222  UBE2J1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112408568  UBE2G2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 isoform X1 [KO:K04555] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112393950  UBE2G1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112401646  PRKN; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin [KO:K04556] [EC:2.3.2.31]
112393804  SNCA; alpha-synuclein [KO:K04528]
112408215  GPR37; prosaposin receptor GPR37 [KO:K04243]
112412214  SEPT5; septin-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04557]
112407743  SNCAIP; synphilin-1 [KO:K04558]
112411162  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 isoform X1 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112391568  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112405777  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112402972  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112408302  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha-type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112397842  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112407694  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112394329  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proteasome subunit alpha type-3-like [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112390511  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112393512  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112411209  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112400305  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112395588  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112397484  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 isoform X1 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112399645  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112411625  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112395057  PSMC2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
112393894  PSMC1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
112415577  PSMC4; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
112392865  PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B [KO:K03064]
112402501  PSMC3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A [KO:K03065]
112410256  PSMC5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03066]
112415342  PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
112396717  PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03032]
112399787  PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
112408843  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K06693]
112410424  PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
112394144  PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
112400541  PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03037]
112411787  PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
112402405  PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 [KO:K03039]
112411618  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03029]
112393636  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 isoform X1 [KO:K03030]
112392213  PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
112403006  ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 [KO:K06691]
112414505  26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 isoform X1 [KO:K10881]
112390666  UCHL1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
112409928  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
112410874  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
112405194  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
112393864  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
112407558  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
112407559  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
112400993  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
112415452  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
112396793  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
112400110  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
112401050  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
112391103  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
112410117  MAPT; microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X1 [KO:K04380]
112391188  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
112400978  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
112391770  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
112414026  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
112398380  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
112411399  HSPA5; endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP [KO:K09490] [EC:3.6.4.10]
112403903  ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
112394394  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
112410245  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
112415136  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
112398926  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112401166  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
112394733  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
112402332  TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
112392469  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
112392470  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
112390883  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K05036]
112410666  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
112406961  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
112394200  SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 [KO:K21398]
112396401  SLC39A3; zinc transporter ZIP3 [KO:K14709]
112410614  SLC39A2; zinc transporter ZIP2 [KO:K14709]
112401724  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 [KO:K14709]
112397039  SLC39A4; zinc transporter ZIP4 [KO:K14710]
112394087  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 [KO:K14711]
112412454  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 [KO:K14712]
112413836  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 [KO:K14713]
112393806  SLC39A8; zinc transporter ZIP8 [KO:K14714]
112396091  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 [KO:K14715]
112392109  SLC39A10; zinc transporter ZIP10 [KO:K14716]
112410381  SLC39A11; zinc transporter ZIP11 isoform X1 [KO:K14717]
112402903  SLC39A12; zinc transporter ZIP12 isoform X1 [KO:K14718]
112402478  SLC39A13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
112401467  SLC39A14; zinc transporter ZIP14 isoform X1 [KO:K14720]
112402423  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112404308  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112412202  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112408591  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
112404044  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
112404389  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
112397996  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
112414589  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
112394284  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
112408227  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949]
112394690  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
112400130  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
112411425  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
112391782  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
112409216  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954]
112399448  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
112400192  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
112405799  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
112414924  NDUFA13; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
112406732  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
112393871  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
112398101  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
112407866  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
112416055  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
112406354  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03961]
112405478  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03962]
112414932  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
112393039  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
112396997  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K03965]
112409395  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 isoform X1 [KO:K03966]
112402591  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
112395231  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112407930  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112402152  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112396567  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
112395486  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
112390907  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
112396332  NDUFS7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112402525  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112399795  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
112402670  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2-like [KO:K03968]
112390876  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
112402686  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
112407909  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00236]
112405719  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237]
112401142  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
112397075  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
112403809  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00414]
112399364  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
112400398  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416]
112398719  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
112407331  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 isoform X1 [KO:K00417]
112401388  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
112415117  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
112396394  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
112393437  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
112410961  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02264]
112398970  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
112397274  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
112399312  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
112392309  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
112398864  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-like [KO:K02268]
112413993  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-like [KO:K02268]
112407288  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
112394363  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-like [KO:K02268]
112405272  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
112392299  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
112390829  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
112400382  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
112390686  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
112390687  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
112392581  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
112402273  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
112392832  ATP5F1A; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
112394303  ATP5F1B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
112391122  ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
112402934  ATP5F1E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
112413021  ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
112398819  ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
112394257  ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
112391537  ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
112410517  ATP5PD; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
112408626  ATP5PO; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
112390936  ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
112402762  PINK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112396658  LRRK2; leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112413631  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
112409408  TRAP1; heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K09488]
112399681  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
112406956  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2-like [KO:K15040]
112413211  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 [KO:K15041]
112391027  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3-like [KO:K15041]
112409707  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
112404045  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
112399780  SLC25A31; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
112415236  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
112396496  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
112409526  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
112396438  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
112403640  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
112406320  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
112414113  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
112394162  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
112391536  cytochrome c 2 [KO:K08738]
112409026  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
112402819  CASP9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
112409662  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
112402776  PARK7; protein/nucleic acid deglycase DJ-1 [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
112398447  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
112415661  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX [KO:K02159]
112406355  MFN1; mitofusin-1 [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
112402683  MFN2; mitofusin-2 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
112402885  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain [KO:K10396]
112407096  KIF5C; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
112394305  KIF5A; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
112402111  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
112413947  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 [KO:K10407]
112408545  KLC1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
112415259  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 [KO:K10407]
112411846  tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
112411848  tubulin alpha-1D chain-like [KO:K07374]
112412198  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
112412208  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative tubulin-like protein alpha-4B [KO:K07374]
112412210  tubulin alpha-3 chain-like [KO:K07374]
112407547  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
112394116  tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
112394117  tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
112391670  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
112395403  TUBB; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
112403082  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
112411441  TUBB4B; tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
112412254  TUBB6; tubulin beta-6 chain [KO:K07375]
112400249  TUBB4A; tubulin beta-4A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
112395264  tubulin beta-2B chain [KO:K07375]
112393335  uncharacterized protein LOC112393335 [KO:K07375]
112401891  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
112405122  DUSP1; dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
112391513  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05638]
112410844  TXN2; thioredoxin, mitochondrial [KO:K03671]
112407852  TXN; thioredoxin isoform X1 [KO:K03671]
112413870  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 [KO:K02308]
112409119  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
112395723  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112412478  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112413113  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112396093  superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]-like [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
112408558  SOD1; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
112400167  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
PMID:16495942
  Authors
Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit MM, Wood NW
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Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:12938733
  Authors
Lim KL, Lim TM
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
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IUBMB Life 55:315-22 (2003)
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Reference
PMID:26501339
  Authors
Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
  Title
Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
  Journal
Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:15767499
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Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
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Arch Neurol 62:353-7 (2005)
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Reference
PMID:16972273
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Olanow CW, McNaught KS
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Ubiquitin-proteasome system and Parkinson's disease.
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Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:18047737
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Lim KL, Tan JM
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Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
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BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
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Reference
PMID:29090092
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Maiti P, Manna J, Dunbar GL
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Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Targets for potential treatments.
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Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:12814656
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Dev KK, van der Putten H, Sommer B, Rovelli G
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Part I: parkin-associated proteins and Parkinson's disease.
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Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
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Reference
PMID:20495568
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Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Goetz CG, Marin C, Kordower JH, Rodriguez M, Hirsch EC, Farrer M, Schapira AH, Halliday G
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Missing pieces in the Parkinson's disease puzzle.
  Journal
Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
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Reference
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Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
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Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Cell Tissue Res 357:439-54 (2014)
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Reference
PMID:19230774
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Bezprozvanny I
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Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
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Reference
PMID:28468938
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The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:28838811
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Ludtmann MHR, Abramov AY
  Title
Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
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Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:19663908
  Authors
Sandebring A, Dehvari N, Perez-Manso M, Thomas KJ, Karpilovski E, Cookson MR, Cowburn RF, Cedazo-Minguez A
  Title
Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
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FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
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Reference
PMID:23352769
  Authors
Mercado G, Valdes P, Hetz C
  Title
An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
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Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
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Reference
PMID:27103567
  Authors
Mercado G, Castillo V, Soto P, Sidhu A
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ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
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Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
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Reference
PMID:26297973
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Tsujii S, Ishisaka M, Hara H
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Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:31100053
  Authors
Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
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Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
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Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:24548101
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J, Paris I, Munoz P, Ferrari E, Zecca L, Zucca FA
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Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.12686
Reference
PMID:31587020
  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
  Title
The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 79:276-289 (2019)
Reference
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Perez RG, Hastings TG
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Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
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J Neurochem 89:1318-24 (2004)
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A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
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Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
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J Neurochem 139 Suppl 1:216-231 (2016)
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Reference
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun 483:1020-1030 (2017)
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Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms.
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Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:3472032 (2016)
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Mitochondria, calcium, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Neuromolecular Med 16:217-30 (2014)
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PMID:25761946
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The Parkinson Disease Mitochondrial Hypothesis: Where Are We at?
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Neuroscientist 22:266-77 (2016)
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Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: be eaten to stay healthy.
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Mol Cell Neurosci 55:37-43 (2013)
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PMID:20736035
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Deas E, Wood NW, Plun-Favreau H
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Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: the PINK1-parkin link.
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Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
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Reference
PMID:25611507
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The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease.
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Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
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PMID:27911343
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Truban D, Hou X, Caulfield TR, Fiesel FC, Springer W
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PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
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J Parkinsons Dis 7:13-29 (2017)
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PMID:28823929
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Biosa A, Sandrelli F, Beltramini M, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M
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Recent findings on the physiological function of DJ-1: Beyond Parkinson's disease.
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Neurobiol Dis 108:65-72 (2017)
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Reference
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Regulation of Signal Transduction by DJ-1.
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Adv Exp Med Biol 1037:97-131 (2017)
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Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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J Bioenerg Biomembr 51:175-188 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:30370500
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Melo TQ, Copray SJCVM, Ferrari MFR
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Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity on Protein Quality Control, Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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Neurochem Res 43:2212-2223 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:30937538
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Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson's disease.
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J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:29720658
  Authors
Parker JG, Marshall JD, Ahanonu B, Wu YW, Kim TH, Grewe BF, Zhang Y, Li JZ, Ding JB, Ehlers MD, Schnitzer MJ
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Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states.
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Nature 557:177-182 (2018)
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Related
pathway
nasi00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
nasi00350  Tyrosine metabolism
nasi03050  Proteasome
nasi04020  Calcium signaling pathway
nasi04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
nasi04137  Mitophagy - animal
nasi04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
nasi04210  Apoptosis
nasi04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05012   
LinkDB

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