KEGG   PATHWAY: oas04725
Entry
oas04725                    Pathway                                
Name
Cholinergic synapse - Ovis aries (sheep)
Description
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central (and also peripheral, autonomic and enteric) nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, ACh facilitates many functions, such as learning, memory, attention and motor control. When released in the synaptic cleft, ACh binds to two distinct types of receptors: Ionotropic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and metabotropic muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The activation of nAChR by ACh leads to the rapid influx of Na+ and Ca2+ and subsequent cellular depolarization. Activation of mAChRs is relatively slow (milliseconds to seconds) and, depending on the subtypes present (M1-M5), they directly alter cellular homeostasis of phospholipase C, inositol trisphosphate, cAMP, and free calcium. In the cleft, ACh may also be hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) into choline and acetate. The choline derived from ACh hydrolysis is recovered by a presynaptic high-affinity choline transporter (CHT).
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
oas04725  Cholinergic synapse
oas04725

Other DBs
GO: 0032222
Organism
Ovis aries (sheep) [GN:oas]
Gene
101117817  CHAT; choline O-acetyltransferase [KO:K00623] [EC:2.3.1.6]
101123006  ACHE; acetylcholinesterase isoform X4 [KO:K01049] [EC:3.1.1.7]
105605099  SLC18A3; vesicular acetylcholine transporter [KO:K14636]
101117029  CHRM1; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 [KO:K04129]
443189  CHRM3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 isoform X1 [KO:K04131]
101110766  CHRM5; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 [KO:K04133]
101112295  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
101119215  GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]
101103585  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101113074  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101116105  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101106864  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X9 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
101108864  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X4 [KO:K04958]
101113317  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04959]
114109674  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X2 [KO:K04960]
101110074  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101118410  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101116423  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101119596  KCNQ1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04926]
101118630  KCNQ2; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04927]
101120673  KCNQ3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 3 [KO:K04928]
101122655  KCNQ4; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 4 [KO:K04929]
100174987  KCNQ5; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 5 isoform X2 [KO:K04930]
101114538  KCNJ2; inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K04996]
101123388  KCNJ12; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 12 [KO:K05005]
101104736  KCNJ4; inward rectifier potassium channel 4 [KO:K04998]
101106197  KCNJ14; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 14 [KO:K05007]
101102897  CHRM2; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 [KO:K04130]
101114554  CHRM4; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 [KO:K04132]
101103693  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
101116393  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
100302341  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
101119495  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
101104166  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04536]
101102864  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
101110493  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
101108976  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
101106267  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539]
101106689  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
101114066  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
101114927  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
101110631  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
105611474  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
101116593  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
114112926  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
100192421  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
106991180  GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
101115838  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
101112183  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
101114097  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 isoform X1 [KO:K04548]
105608415  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
101115095  KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04997]
101117719  KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K05000]
101102896  PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101109983  PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
101109720  PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
101104357  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
114114919  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K02833]
101114005  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
101102438  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
101123635  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101115485  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101123008  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
443218  FOS; protein c-Fos [KO:K04379]
101113104  CHRNA7; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 [KO:K04809]
101118889  CHRNA4; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 [KO:K04806]
101104117  CHRNB2; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 [KO:K04813]
101123239  CHRNA3; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04805]
101123499  CHRNB4; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 [KO:K04815]
101119532  CHRNA6; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6 [KO:K04808]
101117327  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101102089  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101108203  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101119139  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105602258  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101105735  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X2 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101112667  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101121944  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
101122401  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
443094  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101108785  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
443118  CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
100216465  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
101107485  CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K09048]
101114243  CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048]
101108743  CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048]
101113586  CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
101113882  CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048]
101112976  CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X2 [KO:K09047]
443453  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101113850  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X4 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101108884  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X10 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101118870  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101108308  CAMK4; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV isoform X2 [KO:K05869] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101113909  JAK2; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101109363  FYN; tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn isoform X1 [KO:K05703] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101109759  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101110015  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101117348  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X3 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101123247  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101111546  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
101121455  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K02649]
101118462  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101119242  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100294652  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101119602  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
101120920  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344]
101122774  CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B [KO:K04849]
101116562  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X6 [KO:K04850]
101106371  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X9 [KO:K04851]
101104552  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
101108767  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X1 [KO:K04857]
101115268  SLC5A7; high affinity choline transporter 1 [KO:K14387]
Compound
C00010  CoA
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00033  Acetate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00114  Choline
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C01996  Acetylcholine
C04637  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Reference
  Authors
Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC.
  Title
Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience
  Journal
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2001)
Reference
  Authors
Nicholls JG, Martin AR, Wallace BG, Fuchs PA.
  Title
From neuron to brain, 4th ed.
  Journal
Sunderland, MA: Sinauer associates (2001)
Reference
PMID:15165747
  Authors
Dajas-Bailador F, Wonnacott S
  Title
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the regulation of neuronal signalling.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 25:317-24 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2004.04.006
Reference
PMID:19712465
  Authors
Resende RR, Adhikari A
  Title
Cholinergic receptor pathways involved in apoptosis, cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 7:20 (2009)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-7-20
Reference
PMID:19378880
  Authors
Origlia N, Kuczewski N, Pesavento E, Aztiria E, Domenici L
  Title
The role of cholinergic system in neuronal plasticity: focus on visual cortex and muscarinic receptors.
  Journal
Arch Ital Biol 146:165-88 (2008)
Reference
PMID:21550798
  Authors
Oldenburg IA, Ding JB
  Title
Cholinergic modulation of synaptic integration and dendritic excitability in the striatum.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:425-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2011.04.004
Reference
PMID:12893537
  Authors
Lanzafame AA, Christopoulos A, Mitchelson F
  Title
Cellular signaling mechanisms for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
  Journal
Receptors Channels 9:241-60 (2003)
DOI:10.3109/10606820308263
Reference
PMID:20446119
  Authors
Brown DA
  Title
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the nervous system: some functions and mechanisms.
  Journal
J Mol Neurosci 41:340-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s12031-010-9377-2
Reference
PMID:11738031
  Authors
Chang KT, Berg DK
  Title
Voltage-gated channels block nicotinic regulation of CREB phosphorylation and gene expression in neurons.
  Journal
Neuron 32:855-65 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00516-5
Reference
PMID:11283752
  Authors
Soreq H, Seidman S
  Title
Acetylcholinesterase--new roles for an old actor.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 2:294-302 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35067589
Reference
PMID:12436417
  Authors
Sharma G, Vijayaraghavan S
  Title
Nicotinic receptor signaling in nonexcitable cells.
  Journal
J Neurobiol 53:524-34 (2002)
DOI:10.1002/neu.10114
Reference
PMID:11923408
  Authors
Araque A, Martin ED, Perea G, Arellano JI, Buno W
  Title
Synaptically released acetylcholine evokes Ca2+ elevations in astrocytes in hippocampal slices.
  Journal
J Neurosci 22:2443-50 (2002)
DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-07-02443.2002
Reference
PMID:12690458
  Authors
Lucas-Meunier E, Fossier P, Baux G, Amar M
  Title
Cholinergic modulation of the cortical neuronal network.
  Journal
Pflugers Arch 446:17-29 (2003)
DOI:10.1007/s00424-002-0999-2
Reference
PMID:20060019
  Authors
Abreu-Villaca Y, Filgueiras CC, Manhaes AC
  Title
Developmental aspects of the cholinergic system.
  Journal
Behav Brain Res 221:367-78 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.12.049
Related
pathway
oas00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
oas04010  MAPK signaling pathway
oas04020  Calcium signaling pathway
oas04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
oas04975  Fat digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04725   
LinkDB

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