KEGG   PATHWAY: oda04613
Entry
oda04613                    Pathway                                
Name
Neutrophil extracellular trap formation - Oryx dammah (scimitar-horned oryx)
Description
Neutrophils play a central role in innate immune defense. One of the mechanisms of neutrophil action is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), the extracellular structures composed of chromatin coated with histones, proteases and granular and cytosolic proteins that help catch and kill microorganisms. NETs are formed by a process known as "NETosis" that can be triggered by microorganisms and endogenous stimuli, such as damage-associated molecular patterns and immune complexes, and involves activation in most cases of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase, which produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent study has reported that there are two different mechanisms of NETosis, including a lytic NETosis and a vital NETosis. Lytic NETosis begins with nuclear delobulation and the disassembly of the nuclear envelope and continues with loss of cellular polarization, chromatin decondensation and plasma membrane rupture. Vital NETosis can occur independently of cell death and involves the secreted expulsion of nuclear chromatin that is accompanied by the release of granule proteins through degranulation.
Class
Organismal Systems; Immune system
Pathway map
oda04613  Neutrophil extracellular trap formation
oda04613

Organism
Oryx dammah (scimitar-horned oryx) [GN:oda]
Gene
120867678  SYK; tyrosine-protein kinase SYK isoform X1 [KO:K05855] [EC:2.7.10.2]
120862713  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
120868108  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120852527  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120860906  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120864821  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120882996  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120876943  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120871418  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120882340  cytochrome b-245 heavy chain [KO:K21421] [EC:1.-.-.-]
120878158  NCF1; neutrophil cytosol factor 1 [KO:K08011]
120872959  cytochrome b-245 light chain isoform X1 [KO:K08009]
120880475  NCF2; neutrophil cytosol factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08010]
120861194  neutrophil cytosol factor 4 [KO:K08012]
120858568  neutrophil cytosol factor 4 [KO:K08012]
120856144  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 [KO:K04392]
120861180  ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 [KO:K07860]
120858556  ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 [KO:K07860]
120882452  TLR7; toll-like receptor 7 [KO:K05404]
120882451  TLR8; toll-like receptor 8 [KO:K10170]
120864495  ELANE; neutrophil elastase [KO:K01327] [EC:3.4.21.37]
120866469  MPO; myeloperoxidase [KO:K10789] [EC:1.11.2.2]
120856263  ACTB; actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
120873725  actin, cytoplasmic 1-like [KO:K05692]
120866873  ACTG1; actin, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K05692]
120863663  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
120865264  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
120853636  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC120853636 [KO:K15041]
120865850  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
120882423  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
120881444  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
120862122  ADP/ATP translocase 2-like [KO:K05863]
120870953  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
120865728  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
120865368  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
120854956  PADI4; protein-arginine deiminase type-4 isoform X1 [KO:K24669] [EC:3.5.3.15]
120855951  FCGR1A; high affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I [KO:K06498]
120877745  ITGAM; integrin alpha-M [KO:K06461]
120881345  ITGB2; integrin beta-2 [KO:K06464]
120876507  ITGAL; integrin alpha-L isoform X1 [KO:K05718]
120858820  CLEC7A; C-type lectin domain family 7 member A isoform X1 [KO:K10074]
120868632  SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
120853216  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
120869193  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
120869195  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
120874626  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
120869330  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
120873247  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
120866588  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
120876193  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
120871941  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
120868126  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]
120880186  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120871400  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120857849  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120879604  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
120864210  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
120856226  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
120880303  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120875130  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120872394  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120880214  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120861869  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
120874649  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
120860432  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: complement C3-like [KO:K03990]
120860434  complement C3 [KO:K03990]
120864869  C5; complement C5 isoform X1 [KO:K03994]
120872229  C5AR1; C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 [KO:K04010]
120883148  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
120858912  high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
120880402  high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
120871484  TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 [KO:K10159]
120864691  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10160]
120870210  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120870211  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120857807  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120857808  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120867025  ITGA2B; integrin alpha-IIb [KO:K06476]
120866975  ITGB3; integrin beta-3 [KO:K06493]
120871445  FGA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibrinogen alpha chain [KO:K03903]
120871447  FGB; fibrinogen beta chain [KO:K03904]
120871444  FGG; fibrinogen gamma chain isoform X1 [KO:K03905]
120866116  GP1BA; platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06261]
120858705  VWF; von Willebrand factor [KO:K03900]
120880273  P-selectin isoform X1 [KO:K06496]
120871194  SELPLG; P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06544]
120870594  AGER; advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor isoform X1 [KO:K19722]
120876144  caspase-13 isoform X1 [KO:K04394] [EC:3.4.22.57 3.4.22.64]
120876143  caspase-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K01370] [EC:3.4.22.36]
120878762  GSDMD; gasdermin-D [KO:K20917]
120854922  HAT1; histone acetyltransferase type B catalytic subunit [KO:K11303] [EC:2.3.1.48]
120876371  histone H2AX [KO:K11251]
120877487  histone H2A.V isoform X1 [KO:K11251]
120880514  histone H2A-Bbd type 1-like [KO:K11251]
120881659  histone H2A-Bbd type 1-like [KO:K11251]
120881674  histone H2A-Bbd type 1-like [KO:K11251]
120881870  histone H2A-Bbd type 2/3-like [KO:K11251]
120881871  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: histone H2A-Bbd type 2/3 [KO:K11251]
120858888  histone H2A.J [KO:K11251]
120859937  histone H2A type 2-A [KO:K11251]
120860042  histone H2A type 1-H-like [KO:K11251]
120861891  histone H2A.Z [KO:K11251]
120870419  histone H2A type 1-C [KO:K11251]
120870420  histone H2A type 1-B [KO:K11251]
120870421  histone H2A type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11251]
120870423  histone H2A type 1 [KO:K11251]
120870424  histone H2A type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11251]
120870425  histone H2A type 1-B-like [KO:K11251]
120870426  histone H2A type 1 [KO:K11251]
120870427  histone H2A type 1 [KO:K11251]
120870428  histone H2A type 1-D [KO:K11251]
120870430  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: histone H2A type 1-A [KO:K11251]
120870431  histone H2A type 1-H [KO:K11251]
120863639  core histone macro-H2A.1 isoform X1 [KO:K11251]
120855934  histone H2A type 2-B [KO:K11251]
120855935  histone H2A type 2-C [KO:K11251]
120864336  histone H2A type 3 [KO:K11251]
120865178  core histone macro-H2A.2 [KO:K11251]
120882518  histone H2B type F-M-like [KO:K11252]
120882581  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
120877932  histone H2B type 2-E1 [KO:K11252]
120879398  histone H2B subacrosomal variant-like [KO:K11252]
120859280  late histone H2B.L4-like [KO:K11252]
120859305  histone H2B 1/2-like [KO:K11252]
120859865  histone H2B type F-M-like [KO:K11252]
120860043  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
120860104  histone H2B 1/2-like [KO:K11252]
120870432  histone H2B type 1-A [KO:K11252]
120870434  histone H2B type 1-A-like [KO:K11252]
120870436  histone H2B type 1-N [KO:K11252]
120870437  histone H2B type 1-M [KO:K11252]
120870438  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
120870440  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
120870441  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
120870442  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
120870443  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
120870444  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
120870445  histone H2B type 1-K [KO:K11252]
120870447  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
120870448  histone H2B type 1-J-like [KO:K11252]
120870449  histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I [KO:K11252]
120870450  histone H2B type 1-B [KO:K11252]
120855938  histone H2B type 2-E [KO:K11252]
120855949  histone H2B type 2-F [KO:K11252]
120864338  histone H2B type 3-B [KO:K11252]
120858887  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
120870263  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
120870456  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
120870457  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
120870458  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
120870459  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
120855947  histone H4 [KO:K11254]
120878495  histone H3.3A-like [KO:K11253]
120878552  histone H3.3C-like [KO:K11253]
120879508  histone H3.3A-like [KO:K11253]
120880320  histone H3.3C-like [KO:K11253]
120880337  histone H3.3A [KO:K11253]
120881494  histone H3.3A-like [KO:K11253]
120859664  histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
120859939  histone H3 [KO:K11253]
120868192  histone H3.3A [KO:K11253]
120854200  histone H3.3A-like [KO:K11253]
120870264  uncharacterized protein LOC120870264 [KO:K11253]
120870409  histone H3.1-like [KO:K11253]
120870415  histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
120870416  histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
120870417  histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
120870470  uncharacterized protein LOC120870470 [KO:K11253]
120870471  histone H3.1-like [KO:K11253]
120870472  histone H3.1-like [KO:K11253]
120870473  uncharacterized protein LOC120870473 [KO:K11253]
120855783  histone H3.3A-like [KO:K11253]
120855948  histone H3 [KO:K11253]
120864331  histone H3.1 [KO:K11253]
120872879  histone H3.3A-like [KO:K11253]
120866776  histone H3.3A [KO:K11253]
120862479  HDAC2; histone deacetylase 2 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
120854213  HDAC1; histone deacetylase 1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
120871857  histone deacetylase 1-like [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
120863536  HDAC3; histone deacetylase 3 [KO:K11404] [EC:3.5.1.98]
120856643  HDAC4; histone deacetylase 4 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
120867041  HDAC5; histone deacetylase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
120882100  HDAC6; histone deacetylase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K11407] [EC:3.5.1.98]
120861320  histone deacetylase 7-like isoform X1 [KO:K11408] [EC:3.5.1.98]
120857891  histone deacetylase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K11408] [EC:3.5.1.98]
120881979  HDAC8; histone deacetylase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K11405] [EC:3.5.1.98]
120878051  HDAC9; histone deacetylase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K11409] [EC:3.5.1.98]
120857806  HDAC10; polyamine deacetylase HDAC10 isoform X1 [KO:K18671] [EC:3.5.1.98]
120868078  HDAC11; histone deacetylase 11 [KO:K11418] [EC:3.5.1.98]
120864496  AZU1; azurocidin [KO:K24665]
120875430  cathepsin G-like [KO:K01319] [EC:3.4.21.20]
120859559  cathelicidin-3-like [KO:K13916]
120868203  cathelicidin-2 [KO:K13916]
120868205  cathelin-related peptide SC5 [KO:K13916]
120868206  cathelicidin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K13916]
120868207  cathelicidin-4-like [KO:K13916]
120868208  cathelicidin-6 [KO:K13916]
120882136  CLCN5; H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 5 [KO:K05012]
120882463  CLCN4; H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 4 [KO:K05012]
120854537  CLCN3; H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05012]
120853040  AQP9; aquaporin-9 [KO:K09877]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00039  DNA
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00338  Lipopolysaccharide
C00464  Mannan
C00518  Hyaluronate
C00551  beta-D-Glucan
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05151  12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11221  Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine methyl ester
Reference
PMID:29543328
  Authors
Van Avondt K, Hartl D
  Title
Mechanisms and disease relevance of neutrophil extracellular trap formation.
  Journal
Eur J Clin Invest 48 Suppl 2:e12919 (2018)
DOI:10.1111/eci.12919
Reference
PMID:31518165
  Authors
Sorvillo N, Cherpokova D, Martinod K, Wagner DD
  Title
Extracellular DNA NET-Works With Dire Consequences for Health.
  Journal
Circ Res 125:470-488 (2019)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.314581
Reference
PMID:28990587
  Authors
Papayannopoulos V
  Title
Neutrophil extracellular traps in immunity and disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 18:134-147 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/nri.2017.105
Reference
PMID:24837201
  Authors
Liu FC, Chuang YH, Tsai YF, Yu HP
  Title
Role of neutrophil extracellular traps following injury.
  Journal
Shock 41:491-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1097/SHK.0000000000000146
Reference
PMID:27570525
  Authors
Yang H, Biermann MH, Brauner JM, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Herrmann M
  Title
New Insights into Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Mechanisms of Formation and Role in Inflammation.
  Journal
Front Immunol 7:302 (2016)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00302
Reference
PMID:28983472
  Authors
Zawrotniak M, Bochenska O, Karkowska-Kuleta J, Seweryn-Ozog K, Aoki W, Ueda M, Kozik A, Rapala-Kozik M
  Title
Aspartic Proteases and Major Cell Wall Components in Candida albicans Trigger the Release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps.
  Journal
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 7:414 (2017)
DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00414
Reference
PMID:29382950
  Authors
Honda M, Kubes P
  Title
Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in the liver and gastrointestinal system.
  Journal
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 15:206-221 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.183
Reference
PMID:31416265
  Authors
Hamam HJ, Palaniyar N
  Title
Post-Translational Modifications in NETosis and NETs-Mediated Diseases.
  Journal
Biomolecules 9:E369 (2019)
DOI:10.3390/biom9080369
Reference
PMID:31767647
  Authors
Burgener SS, Schroder K
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Host Defense.
  Journal
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 12:a037028 (2020)
DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a037028
Reference
PMID:33202203
  Authors
Vorobjeva NV, Chernyak BV
  Title
NETosis: Molecular Mechanisms, Role in Physiology and Pathology.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 85:1178-1190 (2020)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297920100065
Reference
PMID:31416173
  Authors
Ravindran M, Khan MA, Palaniyar N
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation: Physiology, Pathology, and Pharmacology.
  Journal
Biomolecules 9:E365 (2019)
DOI:10.3390/biom9080365
Reference
PMID:28267716
  Authors
Jorch SK, Kubes P
  Title
An emerging role for neutrophil extracellular traps in noninfectious disease.
  Journal
Nat Med 23:279-287 (2017)
DOI:10.1038/nm.4294
Reference
PMID:31342866
  Authors
Goggs R, Jeffery U, LeVine DN, Li RHL
  Title
Neutrophil-Extracellular Traps, Cell-Free DNA, and Immunothrombosis in Companion Animals: A Review.
  Journal
Vet Pathol 57:6-23 (2020)
DOI:10.1177/0300985819861721
Reference
PMID:27876233
  Authors
Kim SJ, Jenne CN
  Title
Role of platelets in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) production and tissue injury.
  Journal
Semin Immunol 28:546-554 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2016.10.013
Reference
PMID:29572545
  Authors
de Bont CM, Boelens WC, Pruijn GJM
  Title
NETosis, complement, and coagulation: a triangular relationship.
  Journal
Cell Mol Immunol 16:19-27 (2019)
DOI:10.1038/s41423-018-0024-0
Reference
PMID:31129510
  Authors
Zawrotniak M, Bartnicka D, Rapala-Kozik M
  Title
UVA and UVB radiation induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps by human polymorphonuclear cells.
  Journal
J Photochem Photobiol B 196:111511 (2019)
DOI:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111511
Reference
PMID:21293492
  Authors
Remijsen Q, Kuijpers TW, Wirawan E, Lippens S, Vandenabeele P, Vanden Berghe T
  Title
Dying for a cause: NETosis, mechanisms behind an antimicrobial cell death modality.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 18:581-8 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2011.1
Reference
PMID:23819131
  Authors
Zawrotniak M, Rapala-Kozik M
  Title
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) - formation and implications.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Pol 60:277-84 (2013)
Reference
PMID:28373871
  Authors
Rosales C
  Title
Fcgamma Receptor Heterogeneity in Leukocyte Functional Responses.
  Journal
Front Immunol 8:280 (2017)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00280
Reference
PMID:25716722
  Authors
Vorobjeva NV, Pinegin BV
  Title
Neutrophil extracellular traps: mechanisms of formation and role in health and disease.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 79:1286-96 (2014)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297914120025
Reference
PMID:28220120
  Authors
Delgado-Rizo V, Martinez-Guzman MA, Iniguez-Gutierrez L, Garcia-Orozco A, Alvarado-Navarro A, Fafutis-Morris M
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Its Implications in Inflammation: An Overview.
  Journal
Front Immunol 8:81 (2017)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00081
Reference
PMID:30023352
  Authors
Fonseca Z, Diaz-Godinez C, Mora N, Aleman OR, Uribe-Querol E, Carrero JC, Rosales C
  Title
Entamoeba histolytica Induce Signaling via Raf/MEK/ERK for Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Formation.
  Journal
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 8:226 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00226
Reference
PMID:27923601
  Authors
Agraz-Cibrian JM, Giraldo DM, Mary FM, Urcuqui-Inchima S
  Title
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of NETs and their role in antiviral innate immunity.
  Journal
Virus Res 228:124-133 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.033
Reference
PMID:27698656
  Authors
Schonrich G, Raftery MJ
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Go Viral.
  Journal
Front Immunol 7:366 (2016)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00366
Reference
PMID:22817992
  Authors
Saitoh T, Komano J, Saitoh Y, Misawa T, Takahama M, Kozaki T, Uehata T, Iwasaki H, Omori H, Yamaoka S, Yamamoto N, Akira S
  Title
Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate a host defense response to human immunodeficiency virus-1.
  Journal
Cell Host Microbe 12:109-16 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2012.05.015
Reference
PMID:29908538
  Authors
Kumar S, Gupta E, Kaushik S, Jyoti A
  Title
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Formation and Involvement in Disease Progression.
  Journal
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 17:208-220 (2018)
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ko04613   
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