KEGG   PATHWAY: pret04068
Entry
pret04068                   Pathway                                
Name
FoxO signaling pathway - Poecilia reticulata (guppy)
Description
The forkhead box O (FOXO) family of transcription factors regulates the expression of genes in cellular physiological events including apoptosis, cell-cycle control, glucose metabolism, oxidative stress resistance, and longevity. A central regulatory mechanism of FOXO proteins is phosphorylation by the serine-threonine kinase Akt/protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), in response to insulin or several growth factors. Phosphorylation at three conserved residues results in the export of FOXO proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, thereby decreasing expression of FOXO target genes. In contrast, the stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the energy sensing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), upon oxidative and nutrient stress stimuli phosphorylate and activate FoxOs. Aside from PKB, JNK and AMPK, FOXOs are regulated by multiple players through several post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, but also acetylation, methylation and ubiquitylation.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
pret04068  FoxO signaling pathway
pret04068

Other DBs
GO: 0009267
Organism
Poecilia reticulata (guppy) [GN:pret]
Gene
103475119  transforming growth factor beta-1-like [KO:K13375]
103471446  tgfb2; transforming growth factor beta-2 [KO:K13376]
103457593  transforming growth factor beta-3-like [KO:K13377]
103459051  tgfb3; transforming growth factor beta-3 [KO:K13377]
103482409  TGF-beta receptor type-1 [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
103465886  tgfbr2; TGF-beta receptor type-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04388] [EC:2.7.11.30]
103472661  TGF-beta receptor type-2-like [KO:K04388] [EC:2.7.11.30]
103473773  mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04501]
103477474  mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4-like [KO:K04501]
103470200  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 [KO:K04501]
103466539  mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3-like [KO:K23605]
103462102  mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 [KO:K23605]
103479439  stk11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103473399  prkaa1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
103463785  prkaa2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
103469702  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1-like [KO:K07199]
103479357  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2-like [KO:K07199]
103465268  prkag1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 [KO:K07200]
103460160  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2-like isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
103475605  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
103479581  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
103482256  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
103474306  nlk; serine/threonine-protein kinase NLK [KO:K04468] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103469510  serine/threonine-protein kinase NLK2 [KO:K04468] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103474062  skp2; S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 [KO:K03875]
103459095  mdm2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 isoform X1 [KO:K06643] [EC:2.3.2.27]
103470998  setd7; histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD7 [KO:K11431] [EC:2.1.1.364]
103464091  CREB-binding protein-like isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
103469191  crebbp; CREB-binding protein isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
103468460  histone acetyltransferase p300-like isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
103482005  histone acetyltransferase p300-like isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
103477104  sirt1; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 [KO:K11411] [EC:2.3.1.286]
103468578  usp7; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K11838] [EC:3.4.19.12]
103480459  slc2a4; solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4 [KO:K07191]
103473893  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103471253  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103476945  mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103482024  mapk8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103464816  serine/threonine-protein kinase 4-like [KO:K04411]
103459389  igf1; insulin-like growth factor I [KO:K05459]
103466958  insulin-like growth factor II isoform X1 [KO:K05459]
103462605  insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103466654  insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103470901  insulin-like [KO:K04526]
103476384  insulin isoform X2 [KO:K04526]
103479883  insr; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103480483  insulin receptor substrate 1-B-like [KO:K16172]
103459734  irs2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
103476518  insulin receptor substrate 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K07187]
103474601  insulin receptor substrate 2-B-like [KO:K07187]
103480255  insulin receptor substrate 2-B-like [KO:K07187]
103463230  pik3ca; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103467210  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103475907  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103474947  pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103479066  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103463201  pik3r3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
103463319  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
103470780  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
103473324  pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
103478998  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
103479173  pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
103481066  pdpk1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103476976  inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha-like [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
103481753  inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
103470025  ikbkb; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
103476793  phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
103482129  pten; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
103458546  akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103470003  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103474789  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103476681  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103457665  sgk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1 isoform X1 [KO:K13302] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103473069  serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1-like [KO:K13302] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103478672  serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1-like isoform X1 [KO:K13302] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103468023  sgk2; serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk2 [KO:K13303] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103456598  serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk3-like [KO:K13304] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103475797  foxo1; forkhead box protein O1 [KO:K07201]
103475003  forkhead box protein O1-A-like [KO:K07201]
103457486  foxo3; forkhead box protein O3 [KO:K09408]
103458349  forkhead box protein O3-like [KO:K09408]
103471967  forkhead box protein O6-like [KO:K09408]
103471660  forkhead box protein O4 [KO:K12358]
103477833  forkhead box protein O3-like [KO:K17847]
103457526  grm1; metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04603]
103458356  metabotropic glutamate receptor 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04603]
103462045  homer2; homer protein homolog 2 isoform X2 [KO:K15010]
103463335  homer protein homolog 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K15010]
103470410  homer protein homolog 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K15010]
103473311  homer1; homer protein homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15010]
103479257  homer protein homolog 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K15010]
103465330  arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1-like [KO:K17848]
103467903  agap2; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17848]
103468446  casein kinase I [KO:K08960] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103481034  casein kinase I-like isoform X1 [KO:K08960] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103464871  il10; interleukin-10 [KO:K05443]
103469403  stat3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692]
103471828  egf; pro-epidermal growth factor [KO:K04357]
103456976  melanoma receptor tyrosine-protein kinase [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103479868  egfr; epidermal growth factor receptor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103468398  grb2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
103461060  son of sevenless homolog 2-like [KO:K03099]
103471606  sos1; son of sevenless homolog 1 [KO:K03099]
103458478  sos2; son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
103466143  hras; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
103466102  kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
103469088  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K07827]
103459555  braf; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103467582  raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103469576  serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103466546  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
103463649  map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
103470721  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103469111  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103464907  mitogen-activated protein kinase 14A isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103466203  mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103459704  mitogen-activated protein kinase 12-like isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103467285  mitogen-activated protein kinase 14A-like [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103467000  mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103466877  mitogen-activated protein kinase 14A-like [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103459765  mitogen-activated protein kinase 11-like [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103465316  cdk2; cyclin-dependent kinase 2 [KO:K02206] [EC:2.7.11.22]
103468145  prmt1; protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11434] [EC:2.1.1.319]
103458099  foxg1; forkhead box protein G1 [KO:K09385]
103474746  forkhead box protein G1-like [KO:K09385]
103477376  forkhead box protein G1-like [KO:K09385]
103473942  ccnb1; G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 [KO:K05868]
103460818  G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B2-like [KO:K21770]
103474790  cyclin N-terminal domain-containing protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K21770]
103480404  ccnb3; G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B3 [KO:K21771]
103462287  ccnd1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
103459164  G1/S-specific cyclin-D2-like isoform X1 [KO:K10151]
103466812  G1/S-specific cyclin-D2-like [KO:K10151]
103469079  G1/S-specific cyclin-D2-like [KO:K10151]
103469924  cyclin-G2-like [KO:K10146]
103473919  cyclin-G2-like [KO:K10146]
103466455  cdkn2b; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B [KO:K04685]
103468297  cdkn2d; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor D [KO:K06623]
103465183  cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1-like isoform X2 [KO:K06625]
103459498  cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1-like [KO:K06625]
103459499  cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B-like [KO:K06624]
103465909  cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B-like [KO:K06624]
103466787  retinoblastoma-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K16332]
103462043  plk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 [KO:K06631] [EC:2.7.11.21]
103470174  plk2; serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK2 [KO:K08861] [EC:2.7.11.21]
103479620  plk3; serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK3 [KO:K08862] [EC:2.7.11.21]
103458927  plk4; serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK4 [KO:K08863] [EC:2.7.11.21]
103458442  growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta-like [KO:K04402]
103463150  gadd45b; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
103463991  growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha-like [KO:K04402]
103470135  gadd45g; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
103474023  growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma-like [KO:K04402]
103479130  gadd45a; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04402]
103463758  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6-like [KO:K04389]
103471589  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6-like [KO:K04389]
103476441  bcl2l11; bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform X1 [KO:K16341]
103458422  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10-like isoform X1 [KO:K04721]
103456720  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10-like isoform X1 [KO:K04721]
103463939  bcl6; B-cell lymphoma 6 protein isoform X1 [KO:K15618]
103479091  B-cell lymphoma 6 protein homolog [KO:K15618]
103473458  BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like [KO:K15464]
103476773  bnip3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
103478048  atg12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
103466299  gabarapl2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
103460102  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
103478027  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
103480454  gabarap; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
103457481  sod2; superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial [KO:K04564] [EC:1.15.1.1]
103474390  atm; serine-protein kinase ATM isoform X1 [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103464655  pck1; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP] [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
103482322  pck2; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP], mitochondrial [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
103461716  g6pc2; glucose-6-phosphatase 2 isoform X2 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
103481660  g6pc3; glucose-6-phosphatase 3 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
103481693  g6pc; glucose-6-phosphatase [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
103481694  glucose-6-phosphatase-like [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
103474046  interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K05072]
103479780  klf2; Krueppel-like factor 2 [KO:K17845]
103463159  s1pr1; sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 [KO:K04288]
103464105  s1pr4; sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 4 [KO:K04293]
103466123  rag1; V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1 [KO:K10628] [EC:2.3.2.27]
103466124  rag2; V(D)J recombination-activating protein 2 [KO:K10988]
103457548  fbxo25; F-box only protein 25 isoform X1 [KO:K10305]
103478340  fbxo32; F-box only protein 32 [KO:K10305]
Compound
C00008  ADP
C00020  AMP
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00031  D-Glucose
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
  Authors
Glauser DA, Schlegel W
  Title
The emerging role of FOXO transcription factors in pancreatic beta cells.
  Journal
J Endocrinol 193:195-207 (2007)
DOI:10.1677/JOE-06-0191
Reference
  Authors
van der Horst A, Burgering BM
  Title
Stressing the role of FoxO proteins in lifespan and disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8:440-50 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nrm2190
Reference
  Authors
Zhang X, Tang N, Hadden TJ, Rishi AK
  Title
Akt, FoxO and regulation of apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:1978-86 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.03.010
Reference
  Authors
Eijkelenboom A, Burgering BM
  Title
FOXOs: signalling integrators for homeostasis maintenance.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 14:83-97 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrm3507
Reference
  Authors
Daitoku H, Fukamizu A
  Title
FOXO transcription factors in the regulatory networks of longevity.
  Journal
J Biochem 141:769-74 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/jb/mvm104
Reference
  Authors
Hedrick SM
  Title
The cunning little vixen: Foxo and the cycle of life and death.
  Journal
Nat Immunol 10:1057-63 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/ni.1784
Reference
  Authors
Coffer PJ, Burgering BM
  Title
Forkhead-box transcription factors and their role in the immune system.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 4:889-99 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nri1488
Reference
  Authors
Ro SH, Liu D, Yeo H, Paik JH
  Title
FoxOs in neural stem cell fate decision.
  Journal
Arch Biochem Biophys 534:55-63 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.abb.2012.07.017
Reference
  Authors
Maiese K, Chong ZZ, Shang YC
  Title
OutFOXOing disease and disability: the therapeutic potential of targeting FoxO proteins.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 14:219-27 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2008.03.002
Reference
  Authors
Hagenbuchner J, Ausserlechner MJ
  Title
Mitochondria and FOXO3: breath or die.
  Journal
Front Physiol 4:147 (2013)
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2013.00147
Reference
  Authors
Maiese K, Chong ZZ, Shang YC
  Title
"Sly as a FOXO": new paths with Forkhead signaling in the brain.
  Journal
Curr Neurovasc Res 4:295-302 (2007)
DOI:10.2174/156720207782446306
Reference
  Authors
Oh HM, Yu CR, Dambuza I, Marrero B, Egwuagu CE
  Title
STAT3 protein interacts with Class O Forkhead transcription factors in the cytoplasm and regulates nuclear/cytoplasmic localization of FoxO1 and FoxO3a proteins in CD4(+) T cells.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 287:30436-43 (2012)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M112.359661
Reference
  Authors
Huang H, Tindall DJ
  Title
Regulation of FOXO protein stability via ubiquitination and proteasome degradation.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:1961-4 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.01.007
Reference
  Authors
Greer EL, Brunet A
  Title
FOXO transcription factors at the interface between longevity and tumor suppression.
  Journal
Oncogene 24:7410-25 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1209086
Reference
  Authors
Seoane J, Le HV, Shen L, Anderson SA, Massague J
  Title
Integration of Smad and forkhead pathways in the control of neuroepithelial and glioblastoma cell proliferation.
  Journal
Cell 117:211-23 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00298-3
Reference
  Authors
Yamagata K, Daitoku H, Takahashi Y, Namiki K, Hisatake K, Kako K, Mukai H, Kasuya Y, Fukamizu A
  Title
Arginine methylation of FOXO transcription factors inhibits their phosphorylation by Akt.
  Journal
Mol Cell 32:221-31 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.molcel.2008.09.013
Reference
  Authors
van der Horst A, de Vries-Smits AM, Brenkman AB, van Triest MH, van den Broek N, Colland F, Maurice MM, Burgering BM
  Title
FOXO4 transcriptional activity is regulated by monoubiquitination and USP7/HAUSP.
  Journal
Nat Cell Biol 8:1064-73 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/ncb1469
Reference
  Authors
Zhang Y, Gan B, Liu D, Paik JH
  Title
FoxO family members in cancer.
  Journal
Cancer Biol Ther 12:253-9 (2011)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.12.4.15954
Reference
  Authors
Van Der Heide LP, Hoekman MF, Smidt MP
  Title
The ins and outs of FoxO shuttling: mechanisms of FoxO translocation and transcriptional regulation.
  Journal
Biochem J 380:297-309 (2004)
DOI:10.1042/BJ20040167
Related
pathway
pret00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
pret00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
pret00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
pret04010  MAPK signaling pathway
pret04110  Cell cycle
pret04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
pret04140  Autophagy - animal
pret04210  Apoptosis
pret04350  TGF-beta signaling pathway
pret04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04068   
LinkDB

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