KEGG   PATHWAY: rbb04725
Entry
rbb04725                    Pathway                                
Name
Cholinergic synapse - Rhinopithecus bieti (black snub-nosed monkey)
Description
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central (and also peripheral, autonomic and enteric) nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, ACh facilitates many functions, such as learning, memory, attention and motor control. When released in the synaptic cleft, ACh binds to two distinct types of receptors: Ionotropic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and metabotropic muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The activation of nAChR by ACh leads to the rapid influx of Na+ and Ca2+ and subsequent cellular depolarization. Activation of mAChRs is relatively slow (milliseconds to seconds) and, depending on the subtypes present (M1-M5), they directly alter cellular homeostasis of phospholipase C, inositol trisphosphate, cAMP, and free calcium. In the cleft, ACh may also be hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) into choline and acetate. The choline derived from ACh hydrolysis is recovered by a presynaptic high-affinity choline transporter (CHT).
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
rbb04725  Cholinergic synapse
rbb04725

Other DBs
GO: 0032222
Organism
Rhinopithecus bieti (black snub-nosed monkey) [GN:rbb]
Gene
108537812  CHAT; choline O-acetyltransferase isoform X1 [KO:K00623] [EC:2.3.1.6]
108538169  ACHE; acetylcholinesterase isoform X1 [KO:K01049] [EC:3.1.1.7]
108537795  SLC18A3; vesicular acetylcholine transporter [KO:K14636]
108525235  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vesicular acetylcholine transporter-like [KO:K14636]
108536133  CHRM1; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 [KO:K04129]
108534413  CHRM3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
108518797  CHRM5; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 [KO:K04133]
108542641  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634]
108512657  GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]
108526885  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
108542252  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
108527553  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
108527564  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
108528737  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
108523739  ITPR2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
108516255  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
108517746  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
108538857  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
108529452  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
108538141  KCNQ1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 [KO:K04926]
108535299  KCNQ2; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04927]
108531620  KCNQ3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 3 [KO:K04928]
108530392  KCNQ4; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 4 [KO:K04929]
108529208  KCNQ5; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04930]
108523266  KCNJ2; inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K04996]
108521437  KCNJ4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inward rectifier potassium channel 4 [KO:K04998]
108523120  KCNJ14; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 14 [KO:K05007]
108532444  CHRM2; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 [KO:K04130]
108519241  CHRM4; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 [KO:K04132]
108519632  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
108534866  GNAI1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
108526962  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
108536033  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
108538195  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
108542034  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07825]
108532909  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
108538179  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
108513682  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07826]
108533573  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
108522231  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
108515100  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
108527696  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
108531452  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
108531050  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
108521438  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
108517188  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
108532869  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
108519469  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
108517177  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1-like [KO:K04548]
108516491  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
108516224  KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04997]
108543818  KCNJ6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K05000]
108540484  PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108513498  PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
108513507  PIK3R6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290]
108543525  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
108523748  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
108528122  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
108514672  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
108523695  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108536070  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108534930  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
108531792  CHRNA7; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 [KO:K04809]
108535298  neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 [KO:K04806]
108526637  CHRNB2; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04813]
108537978  CHRNA3; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04805]
108537980  CHRNB4; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 [KO:K04815]
108513373  CHRNA6; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6 [KO:K04808]
108534793  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
108536960  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
108543021  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
108540946  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
108517430  ADCY5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
108543933  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
108522948  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
108514094  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
108538326  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X1 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
108514761  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
108540003  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
108527683  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
108530264  PRKACG; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
108540349  CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
108520463  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
108519245  CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048]
108518996  CREB3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048]
108542557  CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048]
108512141  CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
108518846  CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 [KO:K09048]
108535460  CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047]
108532044  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
108544005  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta-like [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
108529387  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
108516884  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
108512486  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
108540302  CAMK4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV [KO:K05869] [EC:2.7.11.17]
108523026  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2-like [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
108512073  FYN; tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn isoform X1 [KO:K05703] [EC:2.7.10.2]
108544591  PIK3CB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108532960  PIK3CA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108539355  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108535636  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
108534276  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
108541175  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
108512498  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108539069  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108521880  AKT1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108526412  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
108544091  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344]
108542921  CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B isoform X1 [KO:K04849]
108522695  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850]
108515198  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
108521361  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
108545075  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X1 [KO:K04857]
108539567  SLC5A7; high affinity choline transporter 1 [KO:K14387]
Compound
C00010  CoA
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00033  Acetate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00114  Choline
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C01996  Acetylcholine
C04637  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Reference
  Authors
Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC.
  Title
Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience
  Journal
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2001)
Reference
  Authors
Nicholls JG, Martin AR, Wallace BG, Fuchs PA.
  Title
From neuron to brain, 4th ed.
  Journal
Sunderland, MA: Sinauer associates (2001)
Reference
PMID:15165747
  Authors
Dajas-Bailador F, Wonnacott S
  Title
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the regulation of neuronal signalling.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 25:317-24 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2004.04.006
Reference
PMID:19712465
  Authors
Resende RR, Adhikari A
  Title
Cholinergic receptor pathways involved in apoptosis, cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 7:20 (2009)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-7-20
Reference
PMID:19378880
  Authors
Origlia N, Kuczewski N, Pesavento E, Aztiria E, Domenici L
  Title
The role of cholinergic system in neuronal plasticity: focus on visual cortex and muscarinic receptors.
  Journal
Arch Ital Biol 146:165-88 (2008)
Reference
PMID:21550798
  Authors
Oldenburg IA, Ding JB
  Title
Cholinergic modulation of synaptic integration and dendritic excitability in the striatum.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:425-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2011.04.004
Reference
PMID:12893537
  Authors
Lanzafame AA, Christopoulos A, Mitchelson F
  Title
Cellular signaling mechanisms for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
  Journal
Receptors Channels 9:241-60 (2003)
DOI:10.3109/10606820308263
Reference
PMID:20446119
  Authors
Brown DA
  Title
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the nervous system: some functions and mechanisms.
  Journal
J Mol Neurosci 41:340-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s12031-010-9377-2
Reference
PMID:11738031
  Authors
Chang KT, Berg DK
  Title
Voltage-gated channels block nicotinic regulation of CREB phosphorylation and gene expression in neurons.
  Journal
Neuron 32:855-65 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00516-5
Reference
PMID:11283752
  Authors
Soreq H, Seidman S
  Title
Acetylcholinesterase--new roles for an old actor.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 2:294-302 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35067589
Reference
PMID:12436417
  Authors
Sharma G, Vijayaraghavan S
  Title
Nicotinic receptor signaling in nonexcitable cells.
  Journal
J Neurobiol 53:524-34 (2002)
DOI:10.1002/neu.10114
Reference
PMID:11923408
  Authors
Araque A, Martin ED, Perea G, Arellano JI, Buno W
  Title
Synaptically released acetylcholine evokes Ca2+ elevations in astrocytes in hippocampal slices.
  Journal
J Neurosci 22:2443-50 (2002)
DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-07-02443.2002
Reference
PMID:12690458
  Authors
Lucas-Meunier E, Fossier P, Baux G, Amar M
  Title
Cholinergic modulation of the cortical neuronal network.
  Journal
Pflugers Arch 446:17-29 (2003)
DOI:10.1007/s00424-002-0999-2
Reference
PMID:20060019
  Authors
Abreu-Villaca Y, Filgueiras CC, Manhaes AC
  Title
Developmental aspects of the cholinergic system.
  Journal
Behav Brain Res 221:367-78 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.12.049
Related
pathway
rbb00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
rbb04010  MAPK signaling pathway
rbb04020  Calcium signaling pathway
rbb04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
rbb04975  Fat digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04725   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system