KEGG   PATHWAY: pleu04725
Entry
pleu04725                   Pathway                                
Name
Cholinergic synapse - Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse)
Description
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central (and also peripheral, autonomic and enteric) nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, ACh facilitates many functions, such as learning, memory, attention and motor control. When released in the synaptic cleft, ACh binds to two distinct types of receptors: Ionotropic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and metabotropic muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The activation of nAChR by ACh leads to the rapid influx of Na+ and Ca2+ and subsequent cellular depolarization. Activation of mAChRs is relatively slow (milliseconds to seconds) and, depending on the subtypes present (M1-M5), they directly alter cellular homeostasis of phospholipase C, inositol trisphosphate, cAMP, and free calcium. In the cleft, ACh may also be hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) into choline and acetate. The choline derived from ACh hydrolysis is recovered by a presynaptic high-affinity choline transporter (CHT).
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
pleu04725  Cholinergic synapse
pleu04725

Other DBs
GO: 0032222
Organism
Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse) [GN:pleu]
Gene
114680674  Plcb3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
114681254  Gng13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
114681403  Gng8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
114681524  Akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114682227  Camk2d; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
114682519  Gng10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
114682732  Mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
114683079  Chrm5; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 [KO:K04133]
114683268  Kcnj12; ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 12 isoform X1 [KO:K05005]
114683299  Cacna1s; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
114683622  Gng3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
114683623  Chrm1; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 [KO:K04129]
114684032  Pik3cd; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
114684152  Prkaca; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
114684157  Cacna1a; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344]
114684721  Kcnj14; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 14 [KO:K05007]
114685023  Chrm3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 isoform X1 [KO:K04131]
114685127  [KO:K02833]
114685202  Gng4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
114686204  Cacna1d; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
114686598  Gng2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
114686769  Gnb2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
114687039  [KO:K07826]
114687523  Prkcg; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
114687652  Gng14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
114687991  [KO:K04374]
114688126  Creb3l3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
114688160  Gna11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]
114688303  Gng7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
114688340  [KO:K04545]
114688488  [KO:K02833]
114688924  Ache; acetylcholinesterase isoform X2 [KO:K01049] [EC:3.1.1.7]
114688966  Pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
114689726  Creb5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047]
114690302  Chrna3; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04805]
114690303  Chrnb4; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 [KO:K04815]
114690390  Gnb5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
114690439  Prkca; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
114690460  Kcnj2; inward rectifier potassium channel 2 [KO:K04996]
114690660  Akt3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114690837  Slc5a7; high affinity choline transporter 1 [KO:K14387]
114691010  Creb3l2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048]
114691013  Chrm2; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 [KO:K04130]
114691497  Map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
114691636  Camk4; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV isoform X2 [KO:K05869] [EC:2.7.11.17]
114691978  Itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
114692203  Prkcb; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
114692334  Kcnq5; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04930]
114692733  Cacna1b; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B [KO:K04849]
114692919  Gngt2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
114693143  Pik3r5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
114693144  Pik3r6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X2 [KO:K21290]
114693442  Gng11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
114693493  [KO:K02833]
114693495  Gngt1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
114693559  Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
114693595  Hras; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
114693962  Adcy1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
114693978  Camk2b; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X7 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
114694160  Kcnq1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 [KO:K04926]
114694262  Kcnj4; inward rectifier potassium channel 4 [KO:K04998]
114694285  Atf4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
114694517  Gnao1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
114695335  Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
114695341  Gnb4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
114695505  Chrna7; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 [KO:K04809]
114696121  Adcy2; adenylate cyclase type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
114696553  [KO:K02833]
114696693  Kcnj3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04997]
114696882  Fyn; tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn isoform X1 [KO:K05703] [EC:2.7.10.2]
114696911  [KO:K04634]
114697107  Adcy3; adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
114697493  [KO:K04133]
114697721  Kcnq3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 3 [KO:K04928]
114697724  Adcy8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
114698038  Fos; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
114698264  Prkacb; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
114698273  Gng5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
114698582  Nras; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
114699323  Slc18a3; vesicular acetylcholine transporter [KO:K14636]
114699355  Chat; choline O-acetyltransferase [KO:K00623] [EC:2.3.1.6]
114699702  Creb3l1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048]
114699703  Chrm4; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 [KO:K04132]
114699988  Gnai3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
114700207  Camk2g; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
114700364  Kcnj6; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05000]
114700762  Cacna1c; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X8 [KO:K04850]
114700920  Gng12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
114701281  Cacna1f; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F [KO:K04853]
114702810  Bcl2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
114703046  Akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114703207  Creb3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048]
114703666  Plcb4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
114703672  Plcb1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
114703850  Pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
114704182  Kcnq2; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2 isoform X11 [KO:K04927]
114704184  Chrna4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 [KO:K04806]
114704332  Mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
114704841  Adcy5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
114704955  Kcnq4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 4 [KO:K04929]
114705057  Creb1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
114705921  Plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
114706123  Itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
114706924  Pik3r3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
114707396  Camk2a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
114707907  Creb3l4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 [KO:K09048]
114707959  Chrnb2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 [KO:K04813]
114708228  Gnai1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
114708288  Gnb1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
114708393  Itpr2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
114708453  Pik3cg; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
114708477  Kras; GTPase KRas isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
114708487  Chrna6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6 [KO:K04808]
114708501  Adcy7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
114708522  Adcy6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
114708701  Adcy4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
114708827  Gnb3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07825]
114709086  [KO:K04542]
114710385  Jak2; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
114710523  [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
114710615  Adcy9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X1 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
114710969  Gnai2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
Compound
C00010  CoA
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00033  Acetate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00114  Choline
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C01996  Acetylcholine
C04637  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Reference
  Authors
Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC.
  Title
Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience
  Journal
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2001)
Reference
  Authors
Nicholls JG, Martin AR, Wallace BG, Fuchs PA.
  Title
From neuron to brain, 4th ed.
  Journal
Sunderland, MA: Sinauer associates (2001)
Reference
PMID:15165747
  Authors
Dajas-Bailador F, Wonnacott S
  Title
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the regulation of neuronal signalling.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 25:317-24 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2004.04.006
Reference
PMID:19712465
  Authors
Resende RR, Adhikari A
  Title
Cholinergic receptor pathways involved in apoptosis, cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 7:20 (2009)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-7-20
Reference
PMID:19378880
  Authors
Origlia N, Kuczewski N, Pesavento E, Aztiria E, Domenici L
  Title
The role of cholinergic system in neuronal plasticity: focus on visual cortex and muscarinic receptors.
  Journal
Arch Ital Biol 146:165-88 (2008)
Reference
PMID:21550798
  Authors
Oldenburg IA, Ding JB
  Title
Cholinergic modulation of synaptic integration and dendritic excitability in the striatum.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:425-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2011.04.004
Reference
PMID:12893537
  Authors
Lanzafame AA, Christopoulos A, Mitchelson F
  Title
Cellular signaling mechanisms for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
  Journal
Receptors Channels 9:241-60 (2003)
DOI:10.3109/10606820308263
Reference
PMID:20446119
  Authors
Brown DA
  Title
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the nervous system: some functions and mechanisms.
  Journal
J Mol Neurosci 41:340-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s12031-010-9377-2
Reference
PMID:11738031
  Authors
Chang KT, Berg DK
  Title
Voltage-gated channels block nicotinic regulation of CREB phosphorylation and gene expression in neurons.
  Journal
Neuron 32:855-65 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00516-5
Reference
PMID:11283752
  Authors
Soreq H, Seidman S
  Title
Acetylcholinesterase--new roles for an old actor.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 2:294-302 (2001)
DOI:10.1038/35067589
Reference
PMID:12436417
  Authors
Sharma G, Vijayaraghavan S
  Title
Nicotinic receptor signaling in nonexcitable cells.
  Journal
J Neurobiol 53:524-34 (2002)
DOI:10.1002/neu.10114
Reference
PMID:11923408
  Authors
Araque A, Martin ED, Perea G, Arellano JI, Buno W
  Title
Synaptically released acetylcholine evokes Ca2+ elevations in astrocytes in hippocampal slices.
  Journal
J Neurosci 22:2443-50 (2002)
DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-07-02443.2002
Reference
PMID:12690458
  Authors
Lucas-Meunier E, Fossier P, Baux G, Amar M
  Title
Cholinergic modulation of the cortical neuronal network.
  Journal
Pflugers Arch 446:17-29 (2003)
DOI:10.1007/s00424-002-0999-2
Reference
PMID:20060019
  Authors
Abreu-Villaca Y, Filgueiras CC, Manhaes AC
  Title
Developmental aspects of the cholinergic system.
  Journal
Behav Brain Res 221:367-78 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.12.049
Related
pathway
pleu00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
pleu04010  MAPK signaling pathway
pleu04020  Calcium signaling pathway
pleu04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
pleu04975  Fat digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04725   

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