Entry
Name
Thermogenesis - Camelus dromedarius (Arabian camel)
Description
Thermogenesis is essential for warm-blooded animals, ensuring normal cellular and physiological function under conditions of environmental challenge. Thermogenesis in brown and beige adipose tissue is mainly controlled by norepinephrine, which is released from sympathetic nervous system in response to cold or dietary stimuli. The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is responsible for the process whereby chemical energy is converted into heat in these adipocytes. Activation of these adipocytes leads to an increase in calorie consumption and is expected to improve overweight conditions, providing a potential strategy for treating obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
Class
Organismal Systems; Environmental adaptation
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Camelus dromedarius (Arabian camel) [GN:
cdk ]
Gene
105095656 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas [KO:K04632 ]
105093562 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05870 ]
105089327 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
105106926 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
105105303 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
105091622 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
105102288 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
105095833 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047 ]
105087618 SMARCA4; transcription activator BRG1 isoform X1 [KO:K11647 ] [EC:5.6.2.-]
105100269 SMARCA2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: probable global transcription activator SNF2L2 [KO:K11647 ] [EC:5.6.2.-]
105095207 SMARCB1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11648 ]
105103743 SMARCC1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SWI/SNF complex subunit SMARCC1 [KO:K11649 ]
105086373 SMARCC2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SWI/SNF complex subunit SMARCC2 [KO:K11649 ]
105098682 SMARCD3; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 3 isoform X1 [KO:K11650 ]
105090402 SMARCD2; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K11650 ]
105097187 SMARCD1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 1 [KO:K11650 ]
105099014 SMARCE1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11651 ]
105100945 ARID1B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1B [KO:K11653 ]
105100693 ARID1A; AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A isoform X1 [KO:K11653 ]
105093103 PPARG; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform X1 [KO:K08530 ]
105098360 PPARGC1A; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha isoform X2 [KO:K07202 ]
105097571 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 [KO:K04450 ]
105089467 PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07199 ]
105104898 PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07199 ]
105103784 PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X2 [KO:K07200 ]
105098685 PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07200 ]
105096091 PRKAG3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 [KO:K07200 ]
105091467 SOS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099 ]
105106263 RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204 ]
105100106 NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
105106884 NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
105087155 NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03937 ]
105090973 NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938 ]
105102170 NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939 ]
105104129 NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
105104408 NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
116147839 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03941 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
116147841 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03941 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
105105846 NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944 ]
116150922 NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945 ]
105098104 NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946 ]
105105514 NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947 ]
105098308 NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948 ]
105085342 NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949 ]
105091880 NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950 ]
105087580 NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951 ]
105104365 NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 isoform X2 [KO:K03952 ]
105091332 NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953 ]
105105383 NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954 ]
105091762 NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956 ]
105097420 NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352 ]
105103723 NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353 ]
105096144 NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957 ]
105096996 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957 ]
105091662 NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958 ]
105099177 NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959 ]
105090315 NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960 ]
105085920 NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961 ]
105085566 NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962 ]
105105974 NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963 ]
105084324 NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964 ]
105096438 NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965 ]
105099726 NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966 ]
105101950 NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351 ]
105087084 NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967 ]
105096856 NDUFAF1; complex I intermediate-associated protein 30, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K18159 ]
105084731 NDUFAF2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 2 [KO:K18160 ]
105087833 NDUFAF3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09008 ]
105092255 NDUFAF4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 4 [KO:K18161 ]
105088314 NDUFAF5; arginine-hydroxylase NDUFAF5, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K18162 ] [EC:2.1.1.-]
105085756 NDUFAF6; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex I, assembly factor 6 isoform X1 [KO:K18163 ]
105103637 NDUFAF7; protein arginine methyltransferase NDUFAF7, mitochondrial [KO:K18164 ]
116157844 NDUFAF8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 8 [KO:K24726 ]
105102189 SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
105107079 SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
105100098 SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00236 ]
105094129 SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237 ]
105092293 cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00415 ]
105092921 cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416 ]
105098909 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263 ]
105100820 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263 ]
105092495 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02263 ]
105103545 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270 ]
105097781 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX11, mitochondrial [KO:K02258 ]
105097184 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX14 isoform X1 [KO:K18181 ]
105086148 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX16 homolog, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K18182 ]
105091261 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX18, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K17797 ]
105099462 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX20, mitochondrial [KO:K18184 ]
105092326 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 1 homolog isoform X2 [KO:K18173 ]
105090477 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 3 homolog, mitochondrial [KO:K18175 ]
105096946 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 4 homolog, mitochondrial [KO:K18177 ]
105091350 ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136 ]
105102044 ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127 ]
105094601 ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
105095776 ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
105097572 ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
105086808 ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02131 ]
105087874 SLC25A20; mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein isoform X1 [KO:K15109 ]
105095364 SLC25A29; mitochondrial basic amino acids transporter isoform X3 [KO:K15109 ]
Compound
Reference
Authors
Inagaki T, Sakai J, Kajimura S
Title
Transcriptional and epigenetic control of brown and beige adipose cell fate and function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Harms M, Seale P
Title
Brown and beige fat: development, function and therapeutic potential.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Boon MR, Kooijman S, van Dam AD, Pelgrom LR, Berbee JF, Visseren CA, van Aggele RC, van den Hoek AM, Sips HC, Lombes M, Havekes LM, Tamsma JT, Guigas B, Meijer OC, Jukema JW, Rensen PC
Title
Peripheral cannabinoid 1 receptor blockade activates brown adipose tissue and diminishes dyslipidemia and obesity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Merlin J, Evans BA, Dehvari N, Sato M, Bengtsson T, Hutchinson DS
Title
Could burning fat start with a brite spark? Pharmacological and nutritional ways to promote thermogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
van Dam AD, Kooijman S, Schilperoort M, Rensen PC, Boon MR
Title
Regulation of brown fat by AMP-activated protein kinase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kooijman S, van den Heuvel JK, Rensen PC
Title
Neuronal Control of Brown Fat Activity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Contreras C, Nogueiras R, Dieguez C, Rahmouni K, Lopez M
Title
Traveling from the hypothalamus to the adipose tissue: The thermogenic pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fruhbeck G, Mendez-Gimenez L, Fernandez-Formoso JA, Fernandez S, Rodriguez A
Title
Regulation of adipocyte lipolysis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tansey JT, Sztalryd C, Hlavin EM, Kimmel AR, Londos C
Title
The central role of perilipin a in lipid metabolism and adipocyte lipolysis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Collins S, Yehuda-Shnaidman E, Wang H
Title
Positive and negative control of Ucp1 gene transcription and the role of beta-adrenergic signaling networks.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Robidoux J, Cao W, Quan H, Daniel KW, Moukdar F, Bai X, Floering LM, Collins S
Title
Selective activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase 3 and p38alpha MAP kinase is essential for cyclic AMP-dependent UCP1 expression in adipocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hattori K, Naguro I, Okabe K, Funatsu T, Furutani S, Takeda K, Ichijo H
Title
ASK1 signalling regulates brown and beige adipocyte function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Abe Y, Rozqie R, Matsumura Y, Kawamura T, Nakaki R, Tsurutani Y, Tanimura-Inagaki K, Shiono A, Magoori K, Nakamura K, Ogi S, Kajimura S, Kimura H, Tanaka T, Fukami K, Osborne TF, Kodama T, Aburatani H, Inagaki T, Sakai J
Title
JMJD1A is a signal-sensing scaffold that regulates acute chromatin dynamics via SWI/SNF association for thermogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dempersmier J, Sambeat A, Gulyaeva O, Paul SM, Hudak CS, Raposo HF, Kwan HY, Kang C, Wong RH, Sul HS
Title
Cold-inducible Zfp516 activates UCP1 transcription to promote browning of white fat and development of brown fat.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sambeat A, Gulyaeva O, Dempersmier J, Tharp KM, Stahl A, Paul SM, Sul HS
Title
LSD1 Interacts with Zfp516 to Promote UCP1 Transcription and Brown Fat Program.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Villarroya F, Peyrou M, Giralt M
Title
Transcriptional regulation of the uncoupling protein-1 gene.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cao W, Daniel KW, Robidoux J, Puigserver P, Medvedev AV, Bai X, Floering LM, Spiegelman BM, Collins S
Title
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is the central regulator of cyclic AMP-dependent transcription of the brown fat uncoupling protein 1 gene.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hondares E, Iglesias R, Giralt A, Gonzalez FJ, Giralt M, Mampel T, Villarroya F
Title
Thermogenic activation induces FGF21 expression and release in brown adipose tissue.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yao L, Cui X, Chen Q, Yang X, Fang F, Zhang J, Liu G, Jin W, Chang Y
Title
Cold-Inducible SIRT6 Regulates Thermogenesis of Brown and Beige Fat.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Klingenberg M
Title
UCP1 - A sophisticated energy valve.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bertholet AM, Kirichok Y
Title
UCP1: A transporter for H(+) and fatty acid anions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Betz MJ, Enerback S
Title
Targeting thermogenesis in brown fat and muscle to treat obesity and metabolic disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tseng YH, Cypess AM, Kahn CR
Title
Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fenzl A, Kiefer FW
Title
Brown adipose tissue and thermogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Minard AY, Tan SX, Yang P, Fazakerley DJ, Domanova W, Parker BL, Humphrey SJ, Jothi R, Stockli J, James DE
Title
mTORC1 Is a Major Regulatory Node in the FGF21 Signaling Network in Adipocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fisher FM, Kleiner S, Douris N, Fox EC, Mepani RJ, Verdeguer F, Wu J, Kharitonenkov A, Flier JS, Maratos-Flier E, Spiegelman BM
Title
FGF21 regulates PGC-1alpha and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zois NE, Bartels ED, Hunter I, Kousholt BS, Olsen LH, Goetze JP
Title
Natriuretic peptides in cardiometabolic regulation and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Indiveri C, Iacobazzi V, Tonazzi A, Giangregorio N, Infantino V, Convertini P, Console L, Palmieri F
Title
The mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier: function, structure and physiopathology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
McCoin CS, Knotts TA, Adams SH
Title
Acylcarnitines--old actors auditioning for new roles in metabolic physiology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ohtomo T, Ino K, Miyashita R, Chigira M, Nakamura M, Someya K, Inaba N, Fujita M, Takagi M, Yamada J
Title
Chronic high-fat feeding impairs adaptive induction of mitochondrial fatty acid combustion-associated proteins in brown adipose tissue of mice.
Journal
Related pathway
cdk04923 Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes
KO pathway
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