KEGG   PATHWAY: etf05418
Entry
etf05418                    Pathway                                
Name
Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis - Echinops telfairi (small Madagascar hedgehog)
Description
Shear stress represents the frictional force that the flow of blood exerts at the endothelial surface of the vessel wall and plays a central role in vascular biology and contributes to the progress of atherosclerosis. Sustained laminar flow with high shear stress upregulates expressions of endothelial cell (EC) genes and proteins that are protective against atherosclerosis. The key shear stress-induced transcription factors that govern the expression of these genes are Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2). On the other hand, disturbed flow with associated reciprocating, low shear stress generally upregulates the EC genes and proteins that promote oxidative and inflammatory states in the artery wall, resulting in atherogenesis. Important transcriptional events that reflect this condition of ECs in disturbed flow include the activation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB).
Class
Human Diseases; Cardiovascular disease
Pathway map
etf05418  Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis
etf05418

Organism
Echinops telfairi (small Madagascar hedgehog) [GN:etf]
Gene
101649746  HSP90AB1; heat shock protein HSP 90-beta [KO:K04079]
101650153  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock protein HSP 90-beta-like [KO:K04079]
101639274  HSP90AA1; heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha [KO:K04079]
101656459  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: endoplasmin-like [KO:K09487]
101642841  HSP90B1; endoplasmin [KO:K09487]
101644765  NOS3; nitric oxide synthase, endothelial [KO:K13242] [EC:1.14.13.39]
101655882  CAV1; caveolin-1 [KO:K06278]
101655557  CAV2; caveolin-2 [KO:K12958]
101646670  CAV3; caveolin-3 [KO:K12959]
115871000  calmodulin-A-like [KO:K02183]
101651650  neo-calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
101662569  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
101656820  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
101638094  calmodulin-alpha-like [KO:K02183]
101650375  CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
101662916  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
101654870  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
101649322  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
101643468  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
101642232  GPC1; glypican-1 [KO:K08107]
101638944  SDC1; syndecan-1 [KO:K06257]
101649232  SDC2; syndecan-2 [KO:K16336]
101658204  SDC4; syndecan-4 [KO:K16338]
101638929  TRPV4; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 [KO:K04973]
101663172  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
101660660  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X2 [KO:K05638]
101642332  HMOX1; heme oxygenase 1 [KO:K00510] [EC:1.14.14.18]
101659863  MGST2; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
105979825  glutathione S-transferase Mu 5-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
101658083  glutathione S-transferase-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
101663992  glutathione S-transferase theta-2-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
101657793  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
101663376  GSTT4; glutathione S-transferase theta-4 isoform X3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
101641767  glutathione S-transferase A4-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
101642081  glutathione S-transferase A2 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
101657762  GSTA4; glutathione S-transferase A4 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
101643442  MGST1; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
101658115  glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
101660690  MGST3; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
101663684  glutathione S-transferase theta-2-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
101648022  glutathione S-transferase omega-2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
101648337  GSTO1; glutathione S-transferase omega-1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
101649339  glutathione S-transferase P [KO:K23790] [EC:2.5.1.18]
101652001  glutathione S-transferase P-like [KO:K23790] [EC:2.5.1.18]
101649025  glutathione S-transferase P-like [KO:K23790] [EC:2.5.1.18]
101660239  NQO1; NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 [KO:K00355] [EC:1.6.5.2]
101655693  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X2 [KO:K14381]
101660138  thioredoxin-like [KO:K03671]
123522433  TXN; thioredoxin [KO:K03671]
105978839  thioredoxin-like [KO:K03671]
105979871  thioredoxin-like [KO:K03671]
101648249  thioredoxin-like isoform X1 [KO:K03671]
101663538  thioredoxin, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03671]
105979981  thioredoxin [KO:K03671]
101662809  thioredoxin-like [KO:K03671]
101661085  thioredoxin-like [KO:K03671]
101660941  thioredoxin-like [KO:K03671]
101644798  thioredoxin-like [KO:K03671]
101658544  TXN2; thioredoxin, mitochondrial [KO:K03671]
101645150  thioredoxin-like [KO:K03671]
101656576  NPPC; C-type natriuretic peptide [KO:K12336]
101660926  ASS1; argininosuccinate synthase [KO:K01940] [EC:6.3.4.5]
101658762  THBD; thrombomodulin [KO:K03907]
101656384  PLAT; tissue-type plasminogen activator [KO:K01343] [EC:3.4.21.68]
101649493  CDH5; cadherin-5 [KO:K06533]
101643189  KDR; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05098] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101656388  CTNNB1; catenin beta-1 [KO:K02105]
101642508  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101659697  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101659938  PECAM1; platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule isoform X1 [KO:K06471]
101641853  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101654217  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101640675  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101655654  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101659995  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
101657368  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101643102  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101649881  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101655315  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101651393  MAP2K5; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04463] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101654790  MAPK7; mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 [KO:K04464] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101642066  MEF2A; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A isoform X3 [KO:K09260]
101659295  MEF2C; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C isoform X1 [KO:K04454]
101644908  ITGA2B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: integrin alpha-IIb [KO:K06476]
101643277  ITGAV; integrin alpha-V [KO:K06487]
101653361  ITGB3; integrin beta-3 [KO:K06493]
101640115  SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src isoform X1 [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101647889  PTK2; focal adhesion kinase 1 isoform X12 [KO:K05725] [EC:2.7.10.2]
101641887  ARHGEF2; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 isoform X2 [KO:K12791]
101662299  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA [KO:K04513]
101659333  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: actin, cytoplasmic 2-like [KO:K05692]
101661665  DUSP1; dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
101657422  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
101660872  IL1R1; interleukin-1 receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04386]
101661183  IL1R2; interleukin-1 receptor type 2 [KO:K04387]
101647452  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
101648136  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
101649582  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101657011  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101662652  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
101663870  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
101645193  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
101647011  MAP2K4; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04430] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101663385  MAP2K7; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101654493  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101653598  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101645489  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101643832  MAP2K6; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 isoform X2 [KO:K04433] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101657745  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101656204  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101653430  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101653940  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101656124  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
101656959  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
101655753  MMP2; 72 kDa type IV collagenase [KO:K01398] [EC:3.4.24.24]
101662935  MMP9; matrix metalloproteinase-9 [KO:K01403] [EC:3.4.24.35]
101663773  CTSL; procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
101641886  CTSV; cathepsin L2 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
101641002  C-C motif chemokine 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K14624]
101662141  monocyte chemotactic protein 1B-like [KO:K14624]
101651428  VCAM1; vascular cell adhesion protein 1 [KO:K06527]
101651441  ICAM1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06490]
101647112  SELE; E-selectin [KO:K06494]
101654642  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
101638698  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha [KO:K04383]
101639333  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
101644328  IFNG; interferon gamma [KO:K04687]
101657212  PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A [KO:K04359]
101642424  PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B [KO:K17386]
101649218  EDN1; endothelin-1 [KO:K16366]
101655464  VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A [KO:K05448]
101653730  BMP4; bone morphogenetic protein 4 [KO:K04662]
101641503  BMPR2; bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 [KO:K04671] [EC:2.7.11.30]
101641411  ACVR2A; activin receptor type-2A isoform X2 [KO:K04670] [EC:2.7.11.30]
101662149  ACVR2B; activin receptor type-2B [KO:K13596] [EC:2.7.11.30]
101655034  ACVR1; activin receptor type-1 [KO:K04675] [EC:2.7.11.30]
101653795  BMPR1A; bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1A [KO:K04673] [EC:2.7.11.30]
101661401  BMPR1B; bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B isoform X2 [KO:K13578] [EC:2.7.11.30]
101658151  cytochrome b-245 light chain [KO:K08009]
101654504  NCF1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: neutrophil cytosol factor 1 [KO:K08011]
101649411  NCF2; neutrophil cytosol factor 2 [KO:K08010]
101644576  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 [KO:K04392]
101656762  RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 [KO:K07860]
101660384  RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 [KO:K07861]
101661315  PRKCZ; protein kinase C zeta type [KO:K18952] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101655298  PIAS4; E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS4 [KO:K16065] [EC:2.3.2.27]
101647784  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cellular tumor antigen p53-like [KO:K04451]
101656530  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
115870671  small ubiquitin-related modifier 1-like [KO:K12160]
123522378  SUMO1; small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12160]
101653063  small ubiquitin-related modifier 1-like [KO:K12160]
101661207  SUMO2; small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 [KO:K12160]
105979013  small ubiquitin-related modifier 2-like [KO:K12160]
105978284  small ubiquitin-related modifier 4-like [KO:K12160]
101650324  small ubiquitin-related modifier 2-like [KO:K12160]
101651156  small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 [KO:K12160]
101649284  small ubiquitin-related modifier 2-like [KO:K12160]
105979552  small ubiquitin-related modifier 2-like [KO:K12160]
101640301  small ubiquitin-related modifier 2-like [KO:K12160]
101643972  small ubiquitin-related modifier 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K12160]
101648904  small ubiquitin-related modifier 2-like [KO:K12160]
101662926  SUMO3; small ubiquitin-related modifier 3 [KO:K12160]
101649116  small ubiquitin-related modifier 2-like [KO:K12160]
105978706  small ubiquitin-related modifier 1-like [KO:K12160]
105978939  small ubiquitin-related modifier 1-like [KO:K12160]
101659722  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00272  Tetrahydrobiopterin
C00518  Hyaluronate
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00607  Chondroitin sulfate
C00704  Superoxide
C00925  Heparan sulfate
C16845  Peroxynitrite
Reference
PMID:21050140
  Authors
Nigro P, Abe J, Berk BC
  Title
Flow shear stress and atherosclerosis: a matter of site specificity.
  Journal
Antioxid Redox Signal 15:1405-14 (2011)
DOI:10.1089/ars.2010.3679
Reference
PMID:26597822
  Authors
McSweeney SR, Warabi E, Siow RC
  Title
Nrf2 as an Endothelial Mechanosensitive Transcription Factor: Going With the Flow.
  Journal
Hypertension 67:20-9 (2016)
DOI:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06146
Reference
PMID:22076424
  Authors
Heo KS, Fujiwara K, Abe J
  Title
Disturbed-flow-mediated vascular reactive oxygen species induce endothelial dysfunction.
  Journal
Circ J 75:2722-30 (2011)
DOI:10.1253/circj.CJ-11-1124
Reference
PMID:24573382
  Authors
Wild J, Soehnlein O, Dietel B, Urschel K, Garlichs CD, Cicha I
  Title
Rubbing salt into wounded endothelium: sodium potentiates proatherogenic effects of TNF-alpha under non-uniform shear stress.
  Journal
Thromb Haemost 112:183-95 (2014)
DOI:10.1160/TH13-11-0908
Reference
PMID:21457103
  Authors
Noguchi N, Jo H
  Title
Redox going with vascular shear stress.
  Journal
Antioxid Redox Signal 15:1367-8 (2011)
DOI:10.1089/ars.2011.4011
Reference
PMID:25165867
  Authors
Li X, Yang Q, Wang Z, Wei D
  Title
Shear stress in atherosclerotic plaque determination.
  Journal
DNA Cell Biol 33:830-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1089/dna.2014.2480
Reference
PMID:17599600
  Authors
Chatzizisis YS, Coskun AU, Jonas M, Edelman ER, Feldman CL, Stone PH
  Title
Role of endothelial shear stress in the natural history of coronary atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling: molecular, cellular, and vascular behavior.
  Journal
J Am Coll Cardiol 49:2379-93 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.059
Reference
PMID:21733876
  Authors
Lu D, Kassab GS
  Title
Role of shear stress and stretch in vascular mechanobiology.
  Journal
J R Soc Interface 8:1379-85 (2011)
DOI:10.1098/rsif.2011.0177
Reference
PMID:27027326
  Authors
Givens C, Tzima E
  Title
Endothelial Mechanosignaling: Does One Sensor Fit All?
  Journal
Antioxid Redox Signal 25:373-88 (2016)
DOI:10.1089/ars.2015.6493
Reference
PMID:16765337
  Authors
Paravicini TM, Touyz RM
  Title
Redox signaling in hypertension.
  Journal
Cardiovasc Res 71:247-58 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.05.001
Reference
PMID:19151844
  Authors
Boon RA, Horrevoets AJ
  Title
Key transcriptional regulators of the vasoprotective effects of shear stress.
  Journal
Hamostaseologie 29:39-40, 41-3 (2009)
Reference
PMID:24947523
  Authors
Bryan MT, Duckles H, Feng S, Hsiao ST, Kim HR, Serbanovic-Canic J, Evans PC
  Title
Mechanoresponsive networks controlling vascular inflammation.
  Journal
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 34:2199-205 (2014)
DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.303424
Reference
PMID:26822720
  Authors
Brown AJ, Teng Z, Evans PC, Gillard JH, Samady H, Bennett MR
  Title
Role of biomechanical forces in the natural history of coronary atherosclerosis.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cardiol 13:210-20 (2016)
DOI:10.1038/nrcardio.2015.203
Reference
PMID:24876354
  Authors
Zhou J, Li YS, Chien S
  Title
Shear stress-initiated signaling and its regulation of endothelial function.
  Journal
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 34:2191-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.303422
Reference
PMID:23429585
  Authors
Liu HB, Zhang J, Xin SY, Liu C, Wang CY, Zhao D, Zhang ZR
  Title
Mechanosensitive properties in the endothelium and their roles in the regulation of endothelial function.
  Journal
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 61:461-70 (2013)
DOI:10.1097/FJC.0b013e31828c0933
Reference
PMID:20032497
  Authors
Boon RA, Leyen TA, Fontijn RD, Fledderus JO, Baggen JM, Volger OL, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, Horrevoets AJ
  Title
KLF2-induced actin shear fibers control both alignment to flow and JNK signaling in vascular endothelium.
  Journal
Blood 115:2533-42 (2010)
DOI:10.1182/blood-2009-06-228726
Reference
PMID:20353494
  Authors
Whyte JJ, Laughlin MH
  Title
The effects of acute and chronic exercise on the vasculature.
  Journal
Acta Physiol (Oxf) 199:441-50 (2010)
DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02127.x
Reference
PMID:25638487
  Authors
Quillon A, Fromy B, Debret R
  Title
Endothelium microenvironment sensing leading to nitric oxide mediated vasodilation: a review of nervous and biomechanical signals.
  Journal
Nitric Oxide 45:20-6 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.niox.2015.01.006
Reference
PMID:15388638
  Authors
Sorescu GP, Song H, Tressel SL, Hwang J, Dikalov S, Smith DA, Boyd NL, Platt MO, Lassegue B, Griendling KK, Jo H
  Title
Bone morphogenic protein 4 produced in endothelial cells by oscillatory shear stress induces monocyte adhesion by stimulating reactive oxygen species production from a nox1-based NADPH oxidase.
  Journal
Circ Res 95:773-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1161/01.RES.0000145728.22878.45
Reference
PMID:23899566
  Authors
Hopkins PN
  Title
Molecular biology of atherosclerosis.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 93:1317-542 (2013)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00004.2012
Reference
PMID:22003002
  Authors
Johnson BD, Mather KJ, Wallace JP
  Title
Mechanotransduction of shear in the endothelium: basic studies and clinical implications.
  Journal
Vasc Med 16:365-77 (2011)
DOI:10.1177/1358863X11422109
Reference
PMID:23555159
  Authors
Hu LS, George J, Wang JH
  Title
Current concepts on the role of nitric oxide in portal hypertension.
  Journal
World J Gastroenterol 19:1707-17 (2013)
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v19.i11.1707
Reference
PMID:23084990
  Authors
Collins C, Guilluy C, Welch C, O'Brien ET, Hahn K, Superfine R, Burridge K, Tzima E
  Title
Localized tensional forces on PECAM-1 elicit a global mechanotransduction response via the integrin-RhoA pathway.
  Journal
Curr Biol 22:2087-94 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2012.08.051
Reference
PMID:24190880
  Authors
Conway DE, Schwartz MA
  Title
Flow-dependent cellular mechanotransduction in atherosclerosis.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 126:5101-9 (2013)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.138313
Reference
PMID:26212910
  Authors
Chen J, Green J, Yurdagul A Jr, Albert P, McInnis MC, Orr AW
  Title
alphavbeta3 Integrins Mediate Flow-Induced NF-kappaB Activation, Proinflammatory Gene Expression, and Early Atherogenic Inflammation.
  Journal
Am J Pathol 185:2575-89 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.05.013
Reference
PMID:20538799
  Authors
Nigro P, Abe J, Woo CH, Satoh K, McClain C, O'Dell MR, Lee H, Lim JH, Li JD, Heo KS, Fujiwara K, Berk BC
  Title
PKCzeta decreases eNOS protein stability via inhibitory phosphorylation of ERK5.
  Journal
Blood 116:1971-9 (2010)
DOI:10.1182/blood-2010-02-269134
Related
pathway
etf04010  MAPK signaling pathway
etf04064  NF-kappa B signaling pathway
etf04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
etf04210  Apoptosis
etf04270  Vascular smooth muscle contraction
etf04510  Focal adhesion
etf04514  Cell adhesion molecules
etf04670  Leukocyte transendothelial migration
KO pathway
ko05418   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system