KEGG   PATHWAY: hai04140
Entry
hai04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Hipposideros armiger (great roundleaf bat)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
hai04140  Autophagy - animal
hai04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Hipposideros armiger (great roundleaf bat) [GN:hai]
Gene
109395936  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
109380372  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
109396328  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
109383948  IRS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
109374927  insulin receptor substrate 1-like [KO:K17445]
109393345  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
109381238  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
109394108  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
109372681  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
109382484  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
109395865  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
109373811  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
109385875  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109381083  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109385878  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase-like isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109374859  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109385353  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109387530  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
109375639  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
109385150  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K02833]
109389264  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
109377015  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
109394119  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
109391058  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
109388269  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
109384548  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109385252  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
109388626  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
109385803  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109394900  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109383747  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
109371588  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
109385868  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
109380979  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
109383575  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15464]
109389671  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
109393012  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
109382535  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
109381262  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109391032  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16184]
109385872  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
109379764  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109384219  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109385614  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
109393974  immunoglobulin-binding protein 1-like [KO:K17606]
109382627  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109382969  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109396788  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109382195  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109390214  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
109371395  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
109376812  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
109382750  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
109384304  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
109380230  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
109380286  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
109393060  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
109374785  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
109380568  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
109389681  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
109388463  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
109390331  SMCR8; Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosomal region candidate gene 8 protein [KO:K23611]
109381913  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X1 [KO:K23610]
109388179  CUNH9orf72; protein C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
109382492  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A isoform X1 [KO:K07901]
109373605  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
109392766  sequestosome-1 [KO:K14381]
109381695  TBK1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
109379875  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
109379143  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
109396964  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X1 [KO:K16185]
109391480  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
109390947  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
109389450  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
109390619  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X1 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109376169  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
109374016  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
109385440  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
109394225  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
109395953  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
109392215  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109377948  mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109392748  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109390784  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
109384429  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
109373362  bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
109384256  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
109395787  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
109385348  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
109380647  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
109374379  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109380396  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
109384151  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
109390228  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
109381153  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
109389571  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
109379766  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
109386379  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
109386343  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249]
109391946  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
109387131  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein [KO:K19330]
109386090  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
109389465  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
109380320  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
109395800  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
109371518  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109388629  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109387099  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109385461  high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
109394047  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109383974  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109382061  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
109379770  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
109383054  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
109387291  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
109381601  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
109387405  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
109395096  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
109374494  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
109386345  ATG16L2; autophagy-related protein 16-2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
109387280  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]
109388121  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 [KO:K17888]
109387976  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
109379239  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
109394198  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
109383803  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
109394622  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
109384803  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
109375276  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08341]
109378793  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B isoform X1 [KO:K10435]
109389617  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
109385347  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C-like [KO:K10435]
109385358  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
109374846  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
109391659  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
109393348  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
109376883  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
109395749  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
109380813  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21348]
109381344  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
109371513  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
109382444  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
109378868  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02927]
109383237  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
109390321  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K02977]
109393145  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
109376248  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
109371306  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
109373021  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 isoform X1 [KO:K08516]
109393848  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
109388198  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
109394958  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
109393906  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20179]
109384407  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20180]
109384086  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
109386071  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
109384079  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
109375590  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
109388784  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
109390414  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
109377415  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
109386465  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
109377057  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 [KO:K06528]
109383954  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
109395931  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
109371525  CTSL; cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
109376684  cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
109396721  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
109379548  CTSB; cathepsin B isoform X1 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
hai04010  MAPK signaling pathway
hai04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
hai04142  Lysosome
hai04150  mTOR signaling pathway
hai04152  AMPK signaling pathway
hai04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

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