KEGG   PATHWAY: mpah05144
Entry
mpah05144                   Pathway                                
Name
Malaria - Mus pahari (shrew mouse)
Description
Plasmodium protozoa are parasites that account for malaria infection. Sporozoite forms of the parasite are injected by mosquito bites under the skin and are carried to the liver where they develop into the merozoite form.
Sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes is mediated by parasite surface protein like CSP. Subsequent infection into red blood cells (RBCs) by merozoites causes malaria disease via aberrant cytokine production and sequestration of parasite-infected red blood cells (pRBCs) to host endothelium. Microvasculature sequestration in the brain brings about cerebral malaria that can results in death or persisting neurological impairment. PfEMP1 has been suggested as the key adhesive molecule of pRBCs.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: parasitic
Pathway map
mpah05144  Malaria
mpah05144

Organism
Mus pahari (shrew mouse) [GN:mpah]
Gene
110324352  Sdc1; syndecan-1 isoform X1 [KO:K06257]
110334725  Sdc2; syndecan-2 [KO:K16336]
110326058  Lrp1; prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 [KO:K04550]
110323439  Cd81; CD81 antigen [KO:K06508]
110316234  Hgf; hepatocyte growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K05460]
110316104  Met; hepatocyte growth factor receptor [KO:K05099] [EC:2.7.10.1]
110322241  Ackr1; atypical chemokine receptor 1 [KO:K06574]
110337184  Gypa; glycophorin-A [KO:K06575]
110333261  Gypc; glycophorin-C isoform X1 [KO:K06576]
110331627  hemoglobin subunit alpha [KO:K13822]
110338023  hemoglobin subunit alpha-like [KO:K13822]
110317600  hemoglobin subunit beta-1-like [KO:K13823]
110314312  hemoglobin subunit beta-1 [KO:K13823]
110328554  Tlr9; toll-like receptor 9 [KO:K10161]
110327862  Myd88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729]
110320724  Tlr2; toll-like receptor 2 [KO:K10159]
110323586  Tlr4; toll-like receptor 4 [KO:K10160]
110322547  Il10; interleukin-10 [KO:K05443]
110336543  Tgfb1; transforming growth factor beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K13375]
110321649  Tgfb2; transforming growth factor beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K13376]
110324521  Tgfb3; transforming growth factor beta-3 [KO:K13377]
110317140  Il6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]
110332475  C-C motif chemokine 12 [KO:K14624]
110331924  C-C motif chemokine 2 [KO:K14624]
110332564  Csf3; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [KO:K05423]
110319321  Il1b; interleukin-1 beta isoform X1 [KO:K04519]
110335791  Tnf; tumor necrosis factor isoform X1 [KO:K03156]
110320680  Il12a; interleukin-12 subunit alpha [KO:K05406]
110328200  Il18; interleukin-18 isoform X1 [KO:K05482]
110316390  killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1B allele B isoform X1 [KO:K06543]
110316498  killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1C [KO:K06543]
110316533  killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1F [KO:K06543]
110315581  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1C [KO:K06543]
110315592  killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 [KO:K06543]
110316921  killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1A [KO:K06543]
110317262  NKG2-D type II integral membrane protein [KO:K06728]
110316786  uncharacterized protein LOC110316786 [KO:K10785]
110326932  Ifng; interferon gamma [KO:K04687]
110316652  Cd36; platelet glycoprotein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K06259]
110321621  Cr1l; complement component receptor 1-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K04011]
110331583  Pecam1; platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule isoform X1 [KO:K06471]
110319965  Vcam1; vascular cell adhesion protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06527]
110319023  Thbs1; thrombospondin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K16857]
110338098  Thbs2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: thrombospondin-2 [KO:K04659]
110329282  Thbs4; thrombospondin-4 [KO:K04659]
110336430  Comp; cartilage oligomeric matrix protein [KO:K04659]
110319825  Thbs3; thrombospondin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04659]
110322592  Sele; E-selectin [KO:K06494]
110338926  Itgal; integrin alpha-L isoform X1 [KO:K05718]
110326926  Itgb2; integrin beta-2 [KO:K06464]
110330040  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: integrin beta-2-like protein [KO:K06464]
110327515  Icam1; intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06490]
110314146  Cd40lg; CD40 ligand [KO:K03161]
110318846  Cd40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03160]
110322112  Selp; P-selectin [KO:K06496]
Compound
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00634  Chondroitin 4-sulfate
G00052  Type II B antigen
G00054  Type II A antigen
G10505  Hyaluronic acid
Reference
  Authors
Morahan BJ, Wang L, Coppel RL
  Title
No TRAP, no invasion.
  Journal
Trends Parasitol 25:77-84 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pt.2008.11.004
Reference
PMID:8920859
  Authors
Shakibaei M, Frevert U
  Title
Dual interaction of the malaria circumsporozoite protein with the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans.
  Journal
J Exp Med 184:1699-711 (1996)
DOI:10.1084/jem.184.5.1699
Reference
  Authors
Silvie O, Franetich JF, Renia L, Mazier D
  Title
Malaria sporozoite: migrating for a living.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 10:97-100; discussion 100-1 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.01.004
Reference
  Authors
Mota MM, Giordano S, Rodriguez A
  Title
Targeting Plasmodium host cells: survival within hepatocytes.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 10:487-92 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2004.08.003
Reference
  Authors
Cowman AF, Crabb BS
  Title
The Plasmodium falciparum genome--a blueprint for erythrocyte invasion.
  Journal
Science 298:126-8 (2002)
DOI:10.1126/science.1078169
Reference
  Authors
O'Donnell RA, Blackman MJ
  Title
The role of malaria merozoite proteases in red blood cell invasion.
  Journal
Curr Opin Microbiol 8:422-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.mib.2005.06.018
Reference
  Authors
Iyer J, Gruner AC, Renia L, Snounou G, Preiser PR
  Title
Invasion of host cells by malaria parasites: a tale of two protein families.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 65:231-49 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05791.x
Reference
  Authors
Chitnis CE
  Title
Molecular insights into receptors used by malaria parasites for erythrocyte invasion.
  Journal
Curr Opin Hematol 8:85-91 (2001)
DOI:10.1097/00062752-200103000-00005
Reference
  Authors
Rasti N, Wahlgren M, Chen Q
  Title
Molecular aspects of malaria pathogenesis.
  Journal
FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 41:9-26 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.femsim.2004.01.010
Reference
  Authors
Clark IA, Rockett KA, Cowden WB
  Title
Proposed link between cytokines, nitric oxide and human cerebral malaria.
  Journal
Parasitol Today 7:205-7 (1991)
DOI:10.1016/0169-4758(91)90142-B
Reference
  Authors
Hisaeda H, Tetsutani K, Imai T, Moriya C, Tu L, Hamano S, Duan X, Chou B, Ishida H, Aramaki A, Shen J, Ishii KJ, Coban C, Akira S, Takeda K, Yasutomo K, Torii M, Himeno K
  Title
Malaria parasites require TLR9 signaling for immune evasion by activating regulatory T cells.
  Journal
J Immunol 180:2496-503 (2008)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.180.4.2496
Reference
  Authors
Chen Q, Schlichtherle M, Wahlgren M
  Title
Molecular aspects of severe malaria.
  Journal
Clin Microbiol Rev 13:439-50 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/CMR.13.3.439-450.2000
Reference
  Authors
Miller LH, Baruch DI, Marsh K, Doumbo OK
  Title
The pathogenic basis of malaria.
  Journal
Nature 415:673-9 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/415673a
Reference
  Authors
Faille D, El-Assaad F, Alessi MC, Fusai T, Combes V, Grau GE
  Title
Platelet-endothelial cell interactions in cerebral malaria: the end of a cordial understanding.
  Journal
Thromb Haemost 102:1093-102 (2009)
DOI:10.1160/TH09-05-0337
Reference
  Authors
Schofield L, Grau GE
  Title
Immunological processes in malaria pathogenesis.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 5:722-35 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nri1686
Reference
  Authors
Ishino T, Yano K, Chinzei Y, Yuda M
  Title
Cell-passage activity is required for the malarial parasite to cross the liver sinusoidal cell layer.
  Journal
PLoS Biol 2:E4 (2004)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020004
Reference
  Authors
Kariu T, Ishino T, Yano K, Chinzei Y, Yuda M
  Title
CelTOS, a novel malarial protein that mediates transmission to mosquito and vertebrate hosts.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 59:1369-79 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.05024.x
Reference
  Authors
Cox D, McConkey S
  Title
The role of platelets in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 67:557-68 (2010)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-009-0211-3
Related
pathway
mpah04210  Apoptosis
mpah04514  Cell adhesion molecules
mpah04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
mpah04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko05144   
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