KEGG   PATHWAY: npo04371
Entry
npo04371                    Pathway                                
Name
Apelin signaling pathway - Nyctereutes procyonoides (raccoon dog)
Description
Apelin is an endogenous peptide capable of binding the apelin receptor (APJ), which was originally described as an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor. Apelin and APJ are widely expressed in various tissues and organ systems. They are implicated in different key physiological processes such as angiogenesis, cardiovascular functions, cell proliferation and energy metabolism regulation. On the other hand, this ligand receptor couple is also involved in several pathologies including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
npo04371  Apelin signaling pathway
npo04371

Other DBs
GO: 0060183
Organism
Nyctereutes procyonoides (raccoon dog) [GN:npo]
Gene
129515724  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 1-like [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129516202  adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129498939  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129510932  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129499511  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129503910  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129517234  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129513386  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129502672  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129519450  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129508573  ADCY10; adenylate cyclase type 10 [KO:K11265] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129512837  adenylate cyclase type 10-like [KO:K11265] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129519960  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
129521768  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
129500999  LIPE; hormone-sensitive lipase isoform X1 [KO:K07188] [EC:3.1.1.79]
129518279  APLN; apelin [KO:K05225]
129494429  APLNR; apelin receptor [KO:K04174]
129494269  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
129519569  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
129522106  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
129497735  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
129520313  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
129503454  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
129498348  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
129506463  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539]
129496421  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
129501173  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
129499161  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04541]
129520219  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
129520847  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5-like [KO:K04542]
129522362  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
129499702  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
129494664  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
129498223  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
129519244  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
129521436  GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
129519415  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
129498294  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
129512848  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
129500644  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
129496894  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
129504276  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
129497646  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
129500550  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
129521608  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
129505465  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
129512495  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
129499919  RYR1; ryanodine receptor 1 [KO:K04961]
129499256  RYR2; ryanodine receptor 2 [KO:K04962]
129504130  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
129495972  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
129497741  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
129506414  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
129500769  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
129511712  CALM2; calmodulin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
129513685  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
129513765  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
129508386  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase, brain [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
129515870  NOS2; nitric oxide synthase, inducible [KO:K13241] [EC:1.14.13.39]
129515953  NOS3; nitric oxide synthase, endothelial isoform X1 [KO:K13242] [EC:1.14.13.39]
129511727  PRKCE; protein kinase C epsilon type isoform X1 [KO:K18050] [EC:2.7.11.13]
129513730  SLC9A1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
129495833  SLC8A3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
129500162  SLC8A2; sodium/calcium exchanger 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
129510994  SLC8A1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
129508073  MYLK4; myosin light chain kinase family member 4 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
129504033  MYLK; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
129520884  MYLK3; myosin light chain kinase 3 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
129521550  MYLK2; myosin light chain kinase 2, skeletal/cardiac muscle [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
129508394  MYL2; myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform [KO:K10351]
129521946  MYL3; myosin light chain 3 [KO:K12749]
129513943  MYL4; myosin light chain 4 [KO:K12750]
129494224  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
129505561  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
129501466  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
129500260  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
129504807  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
129507169  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
129522592  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129506345  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
129522322  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
129502349  mitogen-activated protein kinase 3-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
129507918  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
129519082  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
129501834  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129510988  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129494834  RPS6; 40S ribosomal protein S6 [KO:K02991]
129496170  40S ribosomal protein S6-like [KO:K02991]
129498666  40S ribosomal protein S6-like [KO:K02991]
129494039  PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
129496567  PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
129497926  PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
129508823  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129495892  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129499851  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129517633  RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129514778  RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129513263  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129495267  EGR1; early growth response protein 1 [KO:K09203]
129501726  SPP1; osteopontin isoform X1 [KO:K06250]
129523312  JAG1; protein jagged-1 [KO:K06052]
129521495  NOTCH3; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 [KO:K20995]
129502968  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
129505013  PDE3B; cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 3B [KO:K13296] [EC:3.1.4.17]
129508763  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
129506936  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129509009  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
129506607  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
129509010  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
129495106  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
129497511  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
129497187  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
129509489  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
129508196  PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199]
129501380  PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07199]
129515690  PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
129523044  PRKAG3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 [KO:K07200]
129517320  PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
129510600  PLIN1; perilipin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08768]
129510471  PPARGC1A; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha [KO:K07202]
129504375  UCP1; mitochondrial brown fat uncoupling protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08769]
129498079  NRF1; nuclear respiratory factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11831]
129499233  TFAM; transcription factor A, mitochondrial [KO:K11830]
129521615  KLF2; Krueppel-like factor 2 [KO:K17845]
129500218  SPHK2; sphingosine kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
129515030  SPHK1; sphingosine kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
129510400  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639]
129503274  CAMK4; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV [KO:K05869] [EC:2.7.11.17]
129493866  HDAC4; histone deacetylase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
129504260  HDAC5; histone deacetylase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
129510149  MEF2A; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A isoform X1 [KO:K09260]
129522003  MEF2B; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2B [KO:K09261]
129501658  MEF2C; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C isoform X1 [KO:K04454]
129508749  MEF2D; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2D isoform X1 [KO:K09262]
129495112  TGFBR1; TGF-beta receptor type-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
129508622  SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500]
129506293  SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K23605]
129495555  mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 [KO:K04501]
129514601  mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 [KO:K04501]
129508126  ACTA2; actin, aortic smooth muscle [KO:K12313]
129496751  CDH1; cadherin-1 [KO:K05689]
129496858  cadherin-1-like [KO:K05689]
129509301  CCN2; CCN family member 2 [KO:K06827]
129507359  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
129519469  SERPINE1; plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 [KO:K03982]
129516213  PLAT; tissue-type plasminogen activator [KO:K01343] [EC:3.4.21.68]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00290  Fibrin
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C06124  Sphingosine 1-phosphate
Reference
PMID:26143239
  Authors
Yang P, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP
  Title
Apelin, Elabela/Toddler, and biased agonists as novel therapeutic agents in the cardiovascular system.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 36:560-7 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2015.06.002
Reference
PMID:22140623
  Authors
Andersen CU, Hilberg O, Mellemkjaer S, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Simonsen U
  Title
Apelin and pulmonary hypertension.
  Journal
Pulm Circ 1:334-46 (2011)
DOI:10.4103/2045-8932.87299
Reference
PMID:25275559
  Authors
Chapman NA, Dupre DJ, Rainey JK
  Title
The apelin receptor: physiology, pathology, cell signalling, and ligand modulation of a peptide-activated class A GPCR.
  Journal
Biochem Cell Biol 92:431-40 (2014)
DOI:10.1139/bcb-2014-0072
Reference
PMID:18272138
  Authors
Japp AG, Newby DE
  Title
The apelin-APJ system in heart failure: pathophysiologic relevance and therapeutic potential.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 75:1882-92 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.12.015
Reference
PMID:25652330
  Authors
Folino A, Montarolo PG, Samaja M, Rastaldo R
  Title
Effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system.
  Journal
Heart Fail Rev 20:505-18 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s10741-015-9475-x
Reference
PMID:23943882
  Authors
O'Carroll AM, Lolait SJ, Harris LE, Pope GR
  Title
The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis.
  Journal
J Endocrinol 219:R13-35 (2013)
DOI:10.1530/JOE-13-0227
Reference
PMID:23973488
  Authors
Liu QF, Yu HW, You L, Liu MX, Li KY, Tao GZ
  Title
Apelin-13-induced proliferation and migration induced of rat vascular smooth muscle cells is mediated by the upregulation of Egr-1.
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 439:235-40 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.051
Reference
PMID:26254105
  Authors
Novakova V, Sandhu GS, Dragomir-Daescu D, Klabusay M
  Title
Apelinergic system in endothelial cells and its role in angiogenesis in myocardial ischemia.
  Journal
Vascul Pharmacol 76:1-10 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.vph.2015.08.005
Reference
PMID:21725702
  Authors
Castan-Laurell I, Dray C, Attane C, Duparc T, Knauf C, Valet P
  Title
Apelin, diabetes, and obesity.
  Journal
Endocrine 40:1-9 (2011)
DOI:10.1007/s12020-011-9507-9
Reference
PMID:23924696
  Authors
Li L, Li L, Xie F, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Tang G, Lv D, Lu Q, Chen L, Li J
  Title
Jagged-1/Notch3 signaling transduction pathway is involved in apelin-13-induced vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 45:875-81 (2013)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmt085
Reference
PMID:24990699
  Authors
Wu D, He L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system: a promising therapy target for hypertension.
  Journal
Mol Biol Rep 41:6691-703 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s11033-014-3552-4
Reference
PMID:20539939
  Authors
Liu C, Su T, Li F, Li L, Qin X, Pan W, Feng F, Chen F, Liao D, Chen L
  Title
PI3K/Akt signaling transduction pathway is involved in rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by apelin-13.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 42:396-402 (2010)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmq035
Reference
PMID:26607438
  Authors
Xie F, Liu W, Feng F, Li X, He L, Lv D, Qin X, Li L, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin-13 promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via PI3K-Akt-ERK1/2-p70S6K and PI3K-induced autophagy.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 47:969-80 (2015)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmv111
Reference
PMID:27979574
  Authors
Lu L, Wu D, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system: A bifunctional target for cardiac hypertrophy.
  Journal
Int J Cardiol 230:164-170 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.215
Reference
PMID:16182514
  Authors
Carmen GY, Victor SM
  Title
Signalling mechanisms regulating lipolysis.
  Journal
Cell Signal 18:401-8 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.08.009
Reference
PMID:27650065
  Authors
Hu H, He L, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system as a therapeutic target in diabetes and its complications.
  Journal
Mol Genet Metab 119:20-7 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.07.012
Reference
PMID:25914650
  Authors
Bertrand C, Valet P, Castan-Laurell I
  Title
Apelin and energy metabolism.
  Journal
Front Physiol 6:115 (2015)
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2015.00115
Reference
PMID:26385179
  Authors
Yao F, Lv YC, Zhang M, Xie W, Tan YL, Gong D, Cheng HP, Liu D, Li L, Liu XY, Zheng XL, Tang CK
  Title
Apelin-13 impedes foam cell formation by activating Class III PI3K/Beclin-1-mediated autophagic pathway.
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 466:637-43 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.045
Reference
PMID:22842084
  Authors
Than A, Cheng Y, Foh LC, Leow MK, Lim SC, Chuah YJ, Kang Y, Chen P
  Title
Apelin inhibits adipogenesis and lipolysis through distinct molecular pathways.
  Journal
Mol Cell Endocrinol 362:227-41 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2012.07.002
Reference
PMID:24055369
  Authors
Yu XH, Tang ZB, Liu LJ, Qian H, Tang SL, Zhang DW, Tian GP, Tang CK
  Title
Apelin and its receptor APJ in cardiovascular diseases.
  Journal
Clin Chim Acta 428:1-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2013.09.001
Reference
PMID:25931124
  Authors
Than A, He HL, Chua SH, Xu D, Sun L, Leow MK, Chen P
  Title
Apelin Enhances Brown Adipogenesis and Browning of White Adipocytes.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 290:14679-91 (2015)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M115.643817
Reference
PMID:25139773
  Authors
Fu J, Li Z, Zhang H, Mao Y, Wang A, Wang X, Zou Z, Zhang X
  Title
Molecular pathways regulating the formation of brown-like adipocytes in white adipose tissue.
  Journal
Diabetes Metab Res Rev 31:433-52 (2015)
DOI:10.1002/dmrr.2600
Reference
PMID:21464822
  Authors
Aharoni-Simon M, Hann-Obercyger M, Pen S, Madar Z, Tirosh O
  Title
Fatty liver is associated with impaired activity of PPARgamma-coactivator 1alpha (PGC1alpha) and mitochondrial biogenesis in mice.
  Journal
Lab Invest 91:1018-28 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/labinvest.2011.55
Reference
PMID:22995518
  Authors
McLean DL, Kim J, Kang Y, Shi H, Atkins GB, Jain MK, Chun HJ
  Title
Apelin/APJ signaling is a critical regulator of statin effects in vascular endothelial cells--brief report.
  Journal
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 32:2640-3 (2012)
DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300317
Reference
PMID:22028387
  Authors
Pchejetski D, Foussal C, Alfarano C, Lairez O, Calise D, Guilbeau-Frugier C, Schaak S, Seguelas MH, Wanecq E, Valet P, Parini A, Kunduzova O
  Title
Apelin prevents cardiac fibroblast activation and collagen production through inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1.
  Journal
Eur Heart J 33:2360-9 (2012)
DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr389
Reference
PMID:26944568
  Authors
Huang S, Chen L, Lu L, Li L
  Title
The apelin-APJ axis: A novel potential therapeutic target for organ fibrosis.
  Journal
Clin Chim Acta 456:81-8 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2016.02.025
Reference
PMID:19093215
  Authors
Liu G, Han J, Profirovic J, Strekalova E, Voyno-Yasenetskaya TA
  Title
Galpha13 regulates MEF2-dependent gene transcription in endothelial cells: role in angiogenesis.
  Journal
Angiogenesis 12:1-15 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s10456-008-9123-3
Reference
PMID:23603510
  Authors
Kang Y, Kim J, Anderson JP, Wu J, Gleim SR, Kundu RK, McLean DL, Kim JD, Park H, Jin SW, Hwa J, Quertermous T, Chun HJ
  Title
Apelin-APJ signaling is a critical regulator of endothelial MEF2 activation in cardiovascular development.
  Journal
Circ Res 113:22-31 (2013)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301324
Reference
PMID:25164121
  Authors
Wang LY, Diao ZL, Zhang DL, Zheng JF, Zhang QD, Ding JX, Liu WH
  Title
The regulatory peptide apelin: a novel inhibitor of renal interstitial fibrosis.
  Journal
Amino Acids 46:2693-704 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s00726-014-1826-8
Reference
PMID:26756969
  Authors
Zhou Y, Deng L, Zhao D, Chen L, Yao Z, Guo X, Liu X, Lv L, Leng B, Xu W, Qiao G, Shan H
  Title
MicroRNA-503 promotes angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis by targeting Apelin-13.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 20:495-505 (2016)
DOI:10.1111/jcmm.12754
Reference
PMID:27825851
  Authors
Zhong JC, Zhang ZZ, Wang W, McKinnie SM, Vederas JC, Oudit GY
  Title
Targeting the apelin pathway as a novel therapeutic approach for cardiovascular diseases.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1863:1942-1950 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.007
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