KEGG   PATHWAY: slal04217
Entry
slal04217                   Pathway                                
Name
Necroptosis - Seriola lalandi dorsalis (Yellowtail amberjack)
Description
Necroptosis is a programmed form of necrosis. It can be initiated by different stimuli, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), Fas ligand (FasL), interferon (IFN), LPS, viral DNA or RNA, DNA-damage agent and requires the kinase activity of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3. Its execution involves ROS generation, calcium overload, the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, mitochondrial fission, inflammatory response and chromatinolysis. Necroptosis participates in many pathogenesis of diseases, including neurological diseases, retinal disorders, acute kidney injury, inflammatory diseases and microbial infections.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
Pathway map
slal04217  Necroptosis
slal04217

Organism
Seriola lalandi dorsalis (Yellowtail amberjack) [GN:slal]
Gene
111645657  tumor necrosis factor-like [KO:K03156]
111655660  tumor necrosis factor-like isoform X1 [KO:K03156]
111669911  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A-like isoform X1 [KO:K03158]
111666877  uncharacterized protein LOC111666877 [KO:K03158]
111646245  tradd; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171]
111647918  TNF receptor-associated factor 2-like [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
111666015  TNF receptor-associated factor 2-like [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
111664872  TNF receptor-associated factor 2-like [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
111649752  TNF receptor-associated factor 5-like [KO:K09849]
111670509  ripk1; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111666176  inhibitor of apoptosis protein-like [KO:K16060]
111646416  xiap; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP isoform X1 [KO:K04725] [EC:2.3.2.27]
111669673  rbck1; ranBP-type and C3HC4-type zinc finger-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10630] [EC:2.3.2.31]
111662905  ranBP-type and C3HC4-type zinc finger-containing protein 1 [KO:K10630] [EC:2.3.2.31]
111648339  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF31-like isoform X1 [KO:K11974] [EC:2.3.2.31]
111657059  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF31-like [KO:K11974] [EC:2.3.2.31]
111647268  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF31-like [KO:K11974] [EC:2.3.2.31]
111661091  ranBP-type and C3HC4-type zinc finger-containing protein 1-like [KO:K20894]
111647801  spata2l; spermatogenesis-associated protein 2-like protein [KO:K17595]
111669425  uncharacterized protein LOC111669425 isoform X1 [KO:K17595]
111656876  spermatogenesis-associated protein 2-like protein [KO:K17595]
111668926  spata2; spermatogenesis-associated protein 2 [KO:K17595]
111649240  ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase CYLD-like [KO:K08601] [EC:3.4.19.12]
111661696  ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase CYLD-like [KO:K08601] [EC:3.4.19.12]
111672290  cyld; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase CYLD isoform X1 [KO:K08601] [EC:3.4.19.12]
111671564  ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase CYLD-like [KO:K08601] [EC:3.4.19.12]
111644206  FAS-associated death domain protein-like [KO:K02373]
111669290  FAS-associated death domain protein-like [KO:K02373]
111666542  casp8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
111648895  caspase-8-like isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
111671504  cflar; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
111653316  receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K08847] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111661685  receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3-like [KO:K08847] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111672373  cytochrome b-245 heavy chain [KO:K21421] [EC:1.-.-.-]
111645319  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
111663086  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
111664493  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta 2 chain isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
111673541  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
111669788  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha-like [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
111659482  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
111667982  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
111664080  slc25a4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
111666210  ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
111666356  ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
111668969  ADP/ATP translocase 1-like [KO:K05863]
111648165  ppid; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase D [KO:K05864] [EC:5.2.1.8]
111659977  vdac1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
111670041  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
111657081  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2-like [KO:K15040]
111665991  vdac3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
111666020  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
111656745  glutamate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00261] [EC:1.4.1.3]
111655241  glutamate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00261] [EC:1.4.1.3]
111662623  glutamine synthetase-like [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
111650123  glutamine synthetase-like isoform X1 [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
111653534  glutamine synthetase [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
111666139  glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form-like [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
111646229  pygb; glycogen phosphorylase, brain form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
111665811  pygl; glycogen phosphorylase, liver form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
111667974  pygm; glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
111656807  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111658196  mitogen-activated protein kinase 8-like isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111664771  mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111646556  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9-like [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111667035  ferritin, heavy subunit-like [KO:K00522] [EC:1.16.3.1]
111662506  ferritin, liver middle subunit [KO:K00522] [EC:1.16.3.1]
111658742  ferritin, lower subunit-like [KO:K00522] [EC:1.16.3.1]
111668362  ferritin, heavy subunit [KO:K00522] [EC:1.16.3.1]
111645380  pla2g4a; cytosolic phospholipase A2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
111669721  pla2g4c; cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
111668118  calpain-1 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
111647234  calpain-1 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
111647455  calpain-2 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
111669491  calpain-1 catalytic subunit-like isoform X1 [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
111651024  calpain-1 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
111649592  calpain-2 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
111669521  calpain-2 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
111669522  calpain-2 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
111658604  calpain-2 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
111666212  smpd1; sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase [KO:K12350] [EC:3.1.4.12]
111665393  mlkl; mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein [KO:K08849] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111647886  pgam5; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PGAM5, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K15637] [EC:3.1.3.16]
111663968  dynamin-1-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K17065] [EC:3.6.5.5]
111651990  dynamin-1-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K17065] [EC:3.6.5.5]
111651509  dnm1l; dynamin-1-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K17065] [EC:3.6.5.5]
111654143  caspase-1-A-like isoform X1 [KO:K01370] [EC:3.4.22.36]
111659489  interleukin-1 beta-like [KO:K04519]
111660942  interleukin-1 beta-like [KO:K04519]
111660964  interleukin-1 beta-like [KO:K04519]
111666074  interleukin-1 beta-like [KO:K04519]
111655449  chmp2a; charged multivesicular body protein 2a [KO:K12191]
111662727  chmp2b; charged multivesicular body protein 2b [KO:K12192]
111659823  chmp3; charged multivesicular body protein 3 [KO:K12193]
111670796  chmp4b; charged multivesicular body protein 4b [KO:K12194]
111649027  charged multivesicular body protein 4c [KO:K12194]
111665150  charged multivesicular body protein 4c-like [KO:K24782]
111648739  charged multivesicular body protein 4c-like [KO:K24782]
111657738  charged multivesicular body protein 6-like [KO:K12195]
111647709  charged multivesicular body protein 6-like [KO:K12195]
111647764  vps4a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A [KO:K12196]
111669109  vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B-like [KO:K12196]
111670491  vps4b; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B isoform X1 [KO:K12196]
111653901  chmp1b; charged multivesicular body protein 1b [KO:K12197]
111647733  chmp1a; charged multivesicular body protein 1a [KO:K12197]
111646424  charged multivesicular body protein 1b-2-like isoform X1 [KO:K12197]
111656575  charged multivesicular body protein 5 [KO:K12198]
111656996  charged multivesicular body protein 5-like [KO:K12198]
111645098  chmp7; charged multivesicular body protein 7 isoform X1 [KO:K15053]
111659123  trpm7; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04982] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111662674  hmgb1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
111653110  high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
111651407  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10-like [KO:K04721]
111665906  tnfsf10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 [KO:K04721]
111648042  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B-like isoform X1 [KO:K04722]
111666828  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B-like [KO:K04722]
111666336  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6-like [KO:K04389]
111671959  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6-like [KO:K04389]
111670053  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6-like isoform X1 [KO:K04390]
111656186  interferon a3-like [KO:K05414]
111663409  uncharacterized protein LOC111663409 [KO:K05131]
111645304  ifngr1; interferon gamma receptor 1 [KO:K05132]
111659455  uncharacterized protein LOC111659455 [KO:K05132]
111663447  interferon alpha/beta receptor 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05133]
111645354  jak1; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]
111665981  jak2; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
111651535  tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2-like [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
111669976  jak3; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3 [KO:K11218] [EC:2.7.10.2]
111660573  tyk2; non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]
111672441  signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K11220]
111667430  signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta-like [KO:K11220]
111667811  signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta-like [KO:K11221]
111660433  stat3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692]
111667431  stat4; signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 isoform X1 [KO:K11222]
111664358  signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B-like [KO:K11224]
111660431  signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B-like [KO:K11224]
111670659  signal transducer and transcription activator 6-like [KO:K11225]
111660116  interferon regulatory factor 9-like isoform X1 [KO:K04693]
111658980  uncharacterized protein LOC111658980 [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111654777  TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1-like [KO:K05842]
111663246  tlr3; toll-like receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05401]
111669003  ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 21-like [KO:K21634] [EC:3.4.19.12]
111665615  sequestosome-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
111672729  heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha [KO:K04079]
111672730  heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha 1 [KO:K04079]
111661412  hsp90ab1; heat shock protein HSP 90-beta isoform X1 [KO:K04079]
111645308  tnfaip3; tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 [KO:K11859] [EC:3.4.19.12]
111650588  parp1; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 [KO:K24070] [EC:2.4.2.30]
111660532  bax; apoptosis regulator BAX [KO:K02159]
111669314  apoptosis regulator BAX-like [KO:K02159]
111658297  apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K04727] [EC:1.-.-.-]
111649105  histone H2A-like [KO:K11251]
111645195  histone H2A-like [KO:K11251]
111652368  histone H2A-like [KO:K11251]
111656004  late histone H2A.2.2-like [KO:K11251]
111653925  histone H2A-like [KO:K11251]
111653929  histone H2AX-like [KO:K11251]
111656243  histone H2A-like [KO:K11251]
111667931  histone H2A.Z [KO:K11251]
111661151  histone H2A-like [KO:K11251]
111645287  histone H2A [KO:K11251]
111672981  core histone macro-H2A.2 [KO:K11251]
111660880  histone H2A.V [KO:K11251]
111652547  histone H2A-like [KO:K11251]
111659617  histone H2A-like [KO:K11251]
111659618  histone H2A-like [KO:K11251]
111659619  histone H2A-like [KO:K11251]
111649433  late histone H2A.L3 [KO:K11251]
111662847  histone H2A-like [KO:K11251]
111662848  histone H2A-like [KO:K11251]
111662849  histone H2A-like [KO:K11251]
111657220  histone H2A-like [KO:K11251]
111659963  core histone macro-H2A.1 isoform X1 [KO:K11251]
111659474  peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase-like [KO:K03767] [EC:5.2.1.8]
111659473  peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase-like [KO:K03767] [EC:5.2.1.8]
111649666  apoptosis regulator Bcl-2-like [KO:K02161]
111666676  apoptosis regulator Bcl-2-like [KO:K02161]
111670485  bcl2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00195  N-Acylsphingosine
C00219  Arachidonate
C00305  Magnesium cation
C00319  Sphingosine
C00550  Sphingomyelin
C14592  N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
Reference
  Authors
Vandenabeele P, Galluzzi L, Vanden Berghe T, Kroemer G
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of necroptosis: an ordered cellular explosion.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 11:700-14 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nrm2970
Reference
  Authors
Brenner D, Blaser H, Mak TW
  Title
Regulation of tumour necrosis factor signalling: live or let die.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 15:362-74 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/nri3834
Reference
  Authors
Conrad M, Angeli JP, Vandenabeele P, Stockwell BR
  Title
Regulated necrosis: disease relevance and therapeutic opportunities.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 15:348-66 (2016)
DOI:10.1038/nrd.2015.6
Reference
  Authors
Ofengeim D, Yuan J
  Title
Regulation of RIP1 kinase signalling at the crossroads of inflammation and cell death.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 14:727-36 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrm3683
Reference
  Authors
Murphy JM, Vince JE
  Title
Post-translational control of RIPK3 and MLKL mediated necroptotic cell death.
  Journal
F1000Res 4:F1000 Faculty Rev-1297 (2015)
DOI:10.12688/f1000research.7046.1
Reference
  Authors
Vanden Berghe T, Linkermann A, Jouan-Lanhouet S, Walczak H, Vandenabeele P
  Title
Regulated necrosis: the expanding network of non-apoptotic cell death pathways.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 15:135-47 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/nrm3737
Reference
  Authors
Dondelinger Y, Hulpiau P, Saeys Y, Bertrand MJ, Vandenabeele P
  Title
An evolutionary perspective on the necroptotic pathway.
  Journal
Trends Cell Biol 26:721-32 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.tcb.2016.06.004
Reference
  Authors
Thapa RJ, Ingram JP, Ragan KB, Nogusa S, Boyd DF, Benitez AA, Sridharan H, Kosoff R, Shubina M, Landsteiner VJ, Andrake M, Vogel P, Sigal LJ, tenOever BR, Thomas PG, Upton JW, Balachandran S
  Title
DAI Senses Influenza A Virus Genomic RNA and Activates RIPK3-Dependent Cell Death.
  Journal
Cell Host Microbe 20:674-681 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2016.09.014
Reference
  Authors
Yuan J, Najafov A, Py BF
  Title
Roles of Caspases in Necrotic Cell Death.
  Journal
Cell 167:1693-1704 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.047
Reference
  Authors
Jorgensen I, Rayamajhi M, Miao EA
  Title
Programmed cell death as a defence against infection.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 17:151-164 (2017)
DOI:10.1038/nri.2016.147
Reference
  Authors
Vandenabeele P, Declercq W, Van Herreweghe F, Vanden Berghe T
  Title
The role of the kinases RIP1 and RIP3 in TNF-induced necrosis.
  Journal
Sci Signal 3:re4 (2010)
DOI:10.1126/scisignal.3115re4
Reference
  Authors
Vanlangenakker N, Vanden Berghe T, Vandenabeele P
  Title
Many stimuli pull the necrotic trigger, an overview.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 19:75-86 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2011.164
Reference
  Authors
Moriwaki K, Chan FK
  Title
RIP3: a molecular switch for necrosis and inflammation.
  Journal
Genes Dev 27:1640-9 (2013)
DOI:10.1101/gad.223321.113
Reference
  Authors
Humphries F, Yang S, Wang B, Moynagh PN
  Title
RIP kinases: key decision makers in cell death and innate immunity.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 22:225-36 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.126
Reference
  Authors
Wegner KW, Saleh D, Degterev A
  Title
Complex Pathologic Roles of RIPK1 and RIPK3: Moving Beyond Necroptosis.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 38:202-225 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2016.12.005
Reference
  Authors
Kupka S, De Miguel D, Draber P, Martino L, Surinova S, Rittinger K, Walczak H
  Title
SPATA2-Mediated Binding of CYLD to HOIP Enables CYLD Recruitment to Signaling Complexes.
  Journal
Cell Rep 16:2271-80 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.086
Reference
  Authors
Goodall ML, Fitzwalter BE, Zahedi S, Wu M, Rodriguez D, Mulcahy-Levy JM, Green DR, Morgan M, Cramer SD, Thorburn A
  Title
The Autophagy Machinery Controls Cell Death Switching between Apoptosis and Necroptosis.
  Journal
Dev Cell 37:337-49 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.devcel.2016.04.018
Reference
  Authors
Xu G, Tan X, Wang H, Sun W, Shi Y, Burlingame S, Gu X, Cao G, Zhang T, Qin J, Yang J
  Title
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 21 inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced nuclear factor kappaB activation via binding to and deubiquitinating receptor-interacting protein 1.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 285:969-78 (2010)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M109.042689
Reference
  Authors
Jacobsen AV, Silke J
  Title
The importance of being chaperoned: HSP90 and necroptosis.
  Journal
Cell Chem Biol 23:205-7 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.02.003
Reference
  Authors
Gurung P, Man SM, Kanneganti TD
  Title
A20 is a regulator of necroptosis.
  Journal
Nat Immunol 16:596-7 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/ni.3174
Reference
  Authors
Feng N, Anderson ME
  Title
CaMKII is a nodal signal for multiple programmed cell death pathways in heart.
  Journal
J Mol Cell Cardiol 103:102-109 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.12.007
Reference
  Authors
Zhivotovsky B, Galluzzi L, Kepp O, Kroemer G
  Title
Adenine nucleotide translocase: a component of the phylogenetically conserved cell death machinery.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 16:1419-25 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2009.118
Reference
  Authors
Thapa RJ, Nogusa S, Chen P, Maki JL, Lerro A, Andrake M, Rall GF, Degterev A, Balachandran S
  Title
Interferon-induced RIP1/RIP3-mediated necrosis requires PKR and is licensed by FADD and caspases.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:E3109-18 (2013)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1301218110
Reference
  Authors
Thapa RJ, Basagoudanavar SH, Nogusa S, Irrinki K, Mallilankaraman K, Slifker MJ, Beg AA, Madesh M, Balachandran S
  Title
NF-kappaB protects cells from gamma interferon-induced RIP1-dependent necroptosis.
  Journal
Mol Cell Biol 31:2934-46 (2011)
DOI:10.1128/MCB.05445-11
Reference
  Authors
Sridharan H, Upton JW
  Title
Programmed necrosis in microbial pathogenesis.
  Journal
Trends Microbiol 22:199-207 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2014.01.005
Reference
  Authors
Cabon L, Galan-Malo P, Bouharrour A, Delavallee L, Brunelle-Navas MN, Lorenzo HK, Gross A, Susin SA
  Title
BID regulates AIF-mediated caspase-independent necroptosis by promoting BAX activation.
  Journal
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Related
pathway
slal00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
slal04210  Apoptosis
KO pathway
ko04217   
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