KEGG   PATHWAY: pgig04110
Entry
pgig04110                   Pathway                                
Name
Cell cycle - Pteropus giganteus (Indian flying fox)
Description
Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory enzymes, each consisting of a catalytic CDK subunit and an activating cyclin subunit. CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. Downstream targets of CDKs include transcription factor E2F and its regulator Rb. Precise activation and inactivation of CDKs at specific points in the cell cycle are required for orderly cell division. Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated.
 Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. In response to DNA damage, the checkpoint kinase ATM phosphorylates and activates Chk2, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates p53 tumor suppressor protein. p53 and its transcriptional targets play an important role in both G1 and G2 checkpoints. ATR-Chk1-mediated protein degradation of Cdc25A protein phosphatase is also a mechanism conferring intra-S-phase checkpoint activation.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
Pathway map
pgig04110  Cell cycle
pgig04110

Other DBs
GO: 0000278
Organism
Pteropus giganteus (Indian flying fox) [GN:pgig]
Gene
120584714  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
120607308  CCND2; G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 isoform X1 [KO:K10151]
120596338  CCND3; G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 isoform X1 [KO:K10152]
120604974  CDK4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
120615024  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
120583848  RB1; retinoblastoma-associated protein [KO:K06618]
120603629  RBL1; retinoblastoma-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04681]
120617273  RBL2; retinoblastoma-like protein 2 [KO:K16332]
120602712  ABL1; tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 isoform X1 [KO:K06619] [EC:2.7.10.2]
120581992  HDAC1; histone deacetylase 1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
120608742  HDAC2; histone deacetylase 2 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
120603555  E2F1; transcription factor E2F1 isoform X1 [KO:K17454]
120596256  E2F2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcription factor E2F2 [KO:K09389]
120596257  transcription factor E2F2-like [KO:K09389]
120605571  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 isoform X1 [KO:K06620]
120585558  E2F5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcription factor E2F5 [KO:K04682]
120615610  TFDP1; transcription factor Dp-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04683]
120582161  TFDP2; transcription factor Dp-2 isoform X1 [KO:K09392]
120586669  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
120586591  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein [KO:K13375]
120619172  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13376]
120619522  TGFB3; transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein [KO:K13377]
120585764  SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500]
120604483  SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 [KO:K23605]
120585140  SMAD4; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 [KO:K04501]
120595433  MYC; myc proto-oncogene protein [KO:K04377]
120585768  ZBTB17; zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 17 isoform X1 [KO:K10500]
120617114  cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A-like isoform X1 [KO:K06621]
120617116  CDKN2B; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B [KO:K04685]
120620809  CDKN2C; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor C [KO:K06622]
120610859  CDKN2D; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor D [KO:K06623]
120613734  CDKN1B; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B [KO:K06624]
120584689  CDKN1C; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C isoform X1 [KO:K09993]
120597553  CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625]
120605475  CCNE2; G1/S-specific cyclin-E2 isoform X1 [KO:K06626]
120617212  CCNE1; G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 isoform X1 [KO:K06626]
120604889  CDK2; cyclin-dependent kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02206] [EC:2.7.11.22]
120581290  SKP1; S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 [KO:K03094]
120601485  CUL1; cullin-1 [KO:K03347]
120602973  RBX1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RBX1 [KO:K03868] [EC:2.3.2.32]
120586194  SKP2; S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03875]
120616219  CCNA2; cyclin-A2 isoform X1 [KO:K06627]
120610618  CCNA1; cyclin-A1 [KO:K06627]
120611170  CDC6; cell division control protein 6 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K02213]
120622884  CDT1; DNA replication factor Cdt1 isoform X1 [KO:K10727]
120621019  ORC1; origin recognition complex subunit 1 [KO:K02603]
120587517  ORC2; origin recognition complex subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02604]
120595570  ORC3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: origin recognition complex subunit 3 [KO:K02605]
120597055  ORC4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: origin recognition complex subunit 4 [KO:K02606]
120591726  ORC5; origin recognition complex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K02607]
120617228  ORC6; origin recognition complex subunit 6 [KO:K02608]
120586991  MCM2; DNA replication licensing factor MCM2 [KO:K02540] [EC:5.6.2.3]
120594777  MCM3; DNA replication licensing factor MCM3 isoform X1 [KO:K02541] [EC:5.6.2.3]
120592710  MCM4; DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 isoform X1 [KO:K02212] [EC:5.6.2.3]
120614885  MCM5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DNA replication licensing factor MCM5 [KO:K02209] [EC:5.6.2.3]
120611945  MCM6; DNA replication licensing factor MCM6 [KO:K02542] [EC:5.6.2.3]
120587441  MCM7; DNA replication licensing factor MCM7 [KO:K02210] [EC:5.6.2.3]
120610519  CDC45; cell division control protein 45 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K06628]
120599388  TICRR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: treslin [KO:K26117]
120595549  mdm2-binding protein isoform X1 [KO:K26116]
120583327  CDC7; cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K02214] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120615067  DBF4; protein DBF4 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K06629]
120589229  DBF4B; protein DBF4 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K06629]
120609401  CDK1; cyclin-dependent kinase 1 [KO:K02087] [EC:2.7.11.22 2.7.11.23]
120608250  CCNB1; G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 [KO:K05868]
120604578  CCNB2; G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B2 isoform X1 [KO:K21770]
120612436  CCNB3; G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B3 isoform X1 [KO:K21771]
120603442  CDC25B; M-phase inducer phosphatase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05866] [EC:3.1.3.48]
120581351  CDC25C; M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05867] [EC:3.1.3.48]
120603713  YWHAB; 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha [KO:K16197]
120595639  YWHAZ; 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta [KO:K16197]
120622065  YWHAQ; 14-3-3 protein theta [KO:K16197]
120621032  YWHAE; 14-3-3 protein epsilon [KO:K06630]
120591800  YWHAG; 14-3-3 protein gamma [KO:K16198]
120601857  YWHAH; 14-3-3 protein eta [KO:K16198]
120584536  PLK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 [KO:K06631] [EC:2.7.11.21]
120603181  WEE1; wee1-like protein kinase [KO:K06632] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120601206  WEE2; wee1-like protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06632] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120620293  PKMYT1; membrane-associated tyrosine- and threonine-specific cdc2-inhibitory kinase isoform X1 [KO:K06633] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120612508  CCNH; cyclin-H isoform X1 [KO:K06634]
120608254  CDK7; cyclin-dependent kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K02202] [EC:2.7.11.22 2.7.11.23]
120610278  ANAPC1; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03348]
120599741  ANAPC2; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03349]
120589270  CDC27; cell division cycle protein 27 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K03350]
120582770  ANAPC4; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03351]
120616081  ANAPC5; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03352]
120615604  CDC16; cell division cycle protein 16 homolog [KO:K03353]
120616089  ANAPC7; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 7 isoform X1 [KO:K03354]
120581345  CDC23; cell division cycle protein 23 homolog [KO:K03355]
120613334  ANAPC10; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 10 isoform X1 [KO:K03357]
120592428  anaphase-promoting complex subunit 10-like isoform X1 [KO:K03357]
120609714  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: anaphase-promoting complex subunit 10-like [KO:K03357]
120600212  ANAPC11; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 11 [KO:K03358]
120605826  CDC26; anaphase-promoting complex subunit CDC26 [KO:K03359]
120582104  ANAPC13; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 13 [KO:K12456]
120590295  ANAPC15; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 15 isoform X1 [KO:K25228]
120609514  ANAPC16; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 16 [KO:K25229]
120619216  CDC20; cell division cycle protein 20 homolog [KO:K03363]
120614331  PTTG1; securin [KO:K06635]
120602112  ESPL1; separin isoform X1 [KO:K02365] [EC:3.4.22.49]
120602882  SMC1B; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1B isoform X1 [KO:K06636]
120593565  SMC1A; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1A isoform X1 [KO:K06636]
120609102  SMC3; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K06669]
120595699  RAD21; double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog [KO:K06670]
120582115  STAG1; cohesin subunit SA-1 isoform X1 [KO:K06671]
120612219  STAG2; cohesin subunit SA-2 isoform X1 [KO:K06671]
120591613  ATRX; transcriptional regulator ATRX isoform X1 [KO:K10779]
120607333  DDX11; ATP-dependent DNA helicase DDX11 [KO:K11273] [EC:5.6.2.7]
120586184  NIPBL; nipped-B-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K06672]
120606595  MAU2; MAU2 chromatid cohesion factor homolog [KO:K11266]
120585389  HDAC8; histone deacetylase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K11405] [EC:3.5.1.98]
120613264  ESCO2; N-acetyltransferase ESCO2 isoform X1 [KO:K11268] [EC:2.3.1.-]
120587714  ESCO1; N-acetyltransferase ESCO1 isoform X1 [KO:K11268] [EC:2.3.1.-]
120587989  PDS5A; sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K11267]
120610638  PDS5B; sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K11267]
120609613  WAPL; wings apart-like protein homolog isoform X1 [KO:K25163]
120584873  CDCA5; sororin isoform X1 [KO:K17390]
120589706  AURKB; aurora kinase B isoform X1 [KO:K11479] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120581661  SGO1; shugoshin 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11580]
120581292  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
120589049  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
120583980  PPP2R1A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform [KO:K03456]
120621983  PPP2R1B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K03456]
120603778  PPP2R5E; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
120617516  PPP2R5A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
120596143  PPP2R5D; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform [KO:K11584]
120619709  PPP2R5C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
120600686  PPP2R5B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform [KO:K11584]
120588008  NDC80; kinetochore protein NDC80 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K11547]
120587176  KNL1; kinetochore scaffold 1 [KO:K11542]
120594804  TTK; dual specificity protein kinase TTK isoform X1 [KO:K08866] [EC:2.7.12.1]
120616197  MAD1L1; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1 isoform X1 [KO:K06679]
120616206  MAD2L1; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A [KO:K02537]
120585822  MAD2L2; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2B isoform X1 [KO:K13728]
120587191  BUB1B; mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1 beta [KO:K06637] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120608842  BUB3; mitotic checkpoint protein BUB3 isoform X1 [KO:K02180]
120610290  BUB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1 [KO:K02178] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120586306  TRIP13; pachytene checkpoint protein 2 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K22399]
120596131  MAD2L1-binding protein [KO:K26093]
120615356  FZR1; fizzy-related protein homolog [KO:K03364]
120611390  FBXO5; F-box only protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K10292]
120616888  CDC14B; dual specificity protein phosphatase CDC14B isoform X1 [KO:K06639] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
120607841  CDC14A; dual specificity protein phosphatase CDC14A isoform X1 [KO:K06639] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
120602971  EP300; histone acetyltransferase p300 isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
120620322  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: CREB-binding protein [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
120592708  PRKDC; DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K06642] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120613812  ATR; serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR isoform X1 [KO:K06640] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120619030  ATM; serine-protein kinase ATM isoform X1 [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120605043  MDM2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 [KO:K06643] [EC:2.3.2.27]
120589680  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform X1 [KO:K04451]
120583203  GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha [KO:K04402]
120594128  GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
120583737  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
120603423  PCNA; proliferating cell nuclear antigen [KO:K04802]
120596192  SFN; 14-3-3 protein sigma [KO:K06644]
120610459  CHEK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1 isoform X1 [KO:K02216] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120601945  CHEK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 isoform X1 [KO:K06641] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120582298  CDC25A; M-phase inducer phosphatase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06645] [EC:3.1.3.48]
Reference
PMID:7908906
  Authors
Matsuoka S, Yamaguchi M, Matsukage A
  Title
D-type cyclin-binding regions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 269:11030-6 (1994)
Reference
PMID:8242749
  Authors
Welch PJ, Wang JY
  Title
A C-terminal protein-binding domain in the retinoblastoma protein regulates nuclear c-Abl tyrosine kinase in the cell cycle.
  Journal
Cell 75:779-90 (1993)
DOI:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90497-E
Reference
  Authors
Macaluso M, Montanari M, Giordano A
  Title
Rb family proteins as modulators of gene expression and new aspects regarding the interaction with chromatin remodeling enzymes.
  Journal
Oncogene 25:5263-7 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1209680
Reference
  Authors
Cobrinik D
  Title
Pocket proteins and cell cycle control.
  Journal
Oncogene 24:2796-809 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1208619
Reference
  Authors
Boutros R, Lobjois V, Ducommun B
  Title
CDC25 phosphatases in cancer cells: key players? Good targets?
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 7:495-507 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nrc2169
Reference
PMID:9832503
  Authors
Diehl JA, Cheng M, Roussel MF, Sherr CJ
  Title
Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta regulates cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization.
  Journal
Genes Dev 12:3499-511 (1998)
DOI:10.1101/gad.12.22.3499
Reference
  Authors
Klein EA, Assoian RK
  Title
Transcriptional regulation of the cyclin D1 gene at a glance.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 121:3853-7 (2008)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.039131
Reference
  Authors
Sherr CJ, Roberts JM
  Title
CDK inhibitors: positive and negative regulators of G1-phase progression.
  Journal
Genes Dev 13:1501-12 (1999)
DOI:10.1101/gad.13.12.1501
Reference
  Authors
Shi Y, Massague J.
  Title
Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus.
  Journal
Cell 113:685-700 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00432-X
Reference
  Authors
Kamura T, Hara T, Kotoshiba S, Yada M, Ishida N, Imaki H, Hatakeyama S, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI
  Title
Degradation of p57Kip2 mediated by SCFSkp2-dependent ubiquitylation.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:10231-6 (2003)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1831009100
Reference
  Authors
Bond M, Sala-Newby GB, Wu YJ, Newby AC
  Title
Biphasic effect of p21Cip1 on smooth muscle cell proliferation: role of PI 3-kinase and Skp2-mediated degradation.
  Journal
Cardiovasc Res 69:198-206 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.08.020
Reference
  Authors
Harris SL, Levine AJ.
  Title
The p53 pathway: positive and negative feedback loops.
  Journal
Oncogene 24:2899-908 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1208615
Reference
  Authors
Vogelstein B, Lane D, Levine AJ
  Title
Surfing the p53 network.
  Journal
Nature 408:307-10 (2000)
DOI:10.1038/35042675
Reference
PMID:7973727
  Authors
Smith ML, Chen IT, Zhan Q, Bae I, Chen CY, Gilmer TM, Kastan MB, O'Connor PM, Fornace AJ Jr
  Title
Interaction of the p53-regulated protein Gadd45 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
  Journal
Science 266:1376-80 (1994)
DOI:10.1126/science.7973727
Reference
PMID:9889196
  Authors
Petersen BO, Lukas J, Sorensen CS, Bartek J, Helin K
  Title
Phosphorylation of mammalian CDC6 by cyclin A/CDK2 regulates its subcellular localization.
  Journal
EMBO J 18:396-410 (1999)
DOI:10.1093/emboj/18.2.396
Reference
  Authors
Sheu YJ, Stillman B
  Title
Cdc7-Dbf4 phosphorylates MCM proteins via a docking site-mediated mechanism to promote S phase progression.
  Journal
Mol Cell 24:101-13 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.molcel.2006.07.033
Reference
PMID:9029154
  Authors
Martinez AM, Afshar M, Martin F, Cavadore JC, Labbe JC, Doree M
  Title
Dual phosphorylation of the T-loop in cdk7: its role in controlling cyclin H binding and CAK activity.
  Journal
EMBO J 16:343-54 (1997)
DOI:10.1093/emboj/16.2.343
Reference
  Authors
Lolli G, Johnson LN
  Title
CAK-Cyclin-dependent Activating Kinase: a key kinase in cell cycle control and a target for drugs?
  Journal
Cell Cycle 4:572-7 (2005)
DOI:10.4161/cc.4.4.1607
Reference
  Authors
Musacchio A, Salmon ED
  Title
The spindle-assembly checkpoint in space and time.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8:379-93 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nrm2163
Reference
  Authors
Uhlmann F
  Title
Chromosome cohesion and separation: from men and molecules.
  Journal
Curr Biol 13:R104-14 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00039-3
Reference
  Authors
Stegmeier F, Amon A
  Title
Closing mitosis: the functions of the Cdc14 phosphatase and its regulation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 38:203-32 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.genet.38.072902.093051
Reference
PMID:9618481
  Authors
Moustakas A, Kardassis D
  Title
Regulation of the human p21/WAF1/Cip1 promoter in hepatic cells by functional interactions between Sp1 and Smad family members.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:6733-8 (1998)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6733
Reference
  Authors
de Boer HR, Guerrero Llobet S, van Vugt MA
  Title
Controlling the response to DNA damage by the APC/C-Cdh1.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 73:949-60 (2016)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-2096-7
Reference
  Authors
Qiao X, Zhang L, Gamper AM, Fujita T, Wan Y
  Title
APC/C-Cdh1: from cell cycle to cellular differentiation and genomic integrity.
  Journal
Cell Cycle 9:3904-12 (2010)
DOI:10.4161/cc.9.19.13585
Related
pathway
pgig03030  DNA replication
pgig04010  MAPK signaling pathway
pgig04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
pgig04210  Apoptosis
KO pathway
ko04110   
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