Entry
Name
Endocytosis - Pteropus vampyrus (large flying fox)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Pteropus vampyrus (large flying fox) [GN:
pvp ]
Gene
105289179 VPS37B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B [KO:K12185 ]
105289211 ARPC3; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05756 ]
105289214 VPS29; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29 isoform X1 [KO:K18467 ]
105289453 VTA1; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K12199 ]
105290025 ARFGAP2; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 [KO:K12493 ]
105290433 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393 ]
105290448 ASAP3; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X10 [KO:K12488 ]
105290677 LDLRAP1; low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12474 ]
105290761 RAB11FIP5; rab11 family-interacting protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
105291198 ACAP1; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X7 [KO:K12489 ]
105291457 RAB11FIP2; rab11 family-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
105291531 STAM2; signal transducing adapter molecule 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04705 ]
105291777 RABEP1; rab GTPase-binding effector protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12480 ]
105292640 SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X3 [KO:K04500 ]
105292716 VPS4B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B isoform X1 [KO:K12196 ]
105292799 SMAP1; stromal membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12486 ]
105294028 SH3KBP1; SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 isoform X4 [KO:K12470 ]
105294862 ARPC5L; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein [KO:K05754 ]
105294983 IQSEC1; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
105295097 ARFGEF1; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18442 ]
105295455 ASAP2; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12488 ]
105295545 VPS37A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
105295748 ARAP2; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K18440 ]
105296075 ARFGEF2; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 [KO:K18442 ]
105296649 EPS15L1; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12472 ]
105297072 ARAP3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12490 ]
105297176 EPS15; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
105297269 IQSEC3; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
105297971 VPS37C; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37C [KO:K12185 ]
105298088 ARFGAP3; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 [KO:K12493 ]
105298382 DNAJC6; putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin [KO:K09526 ]
105298896 VPS36; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 [KO:K12190 ]
105298984 ZFYVE9; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 isoform X3 [KO:K04679 ]
105299048 ARPC4; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 isoform X2 [KO:K05755 ]
105299681 VPS37D; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37D [KO:K12185 ]
105299966 RUFY1; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
105300091 RUFY2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12482 ]
105300104 VPS26A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A [KO:K18466 ]
105300165 RAB11FIP1; rab11 family-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
105300727 PSD3; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
105301172 HGS; hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate [KO:K12182 ]
105301189 VPS35; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 isoform X1 [KO:K18468 ]
105301252 ASAP1; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
105301457 ARFGAP1; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 [KO:K12492 ]
105301958 VPS28; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog [KO:K12184 ]
105302932 VPS26B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B [KO:K18466 ]
105303597 ACAP3; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12489 ]
105303654 ARAP1; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K18439 ]
105303692 ZFYVE16; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 [KO:K04679 ]
105303757 AGAP3; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
105304709 CHMP7; charged multivesicular body protein 7 isoform X1 [KO:K15053 ]
105305615 LDLR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: low-density lipoprotein receptor [KO:K12473 ]
105305675 IGF2R; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor [KO:K06564 ]
105305725 PARD6A; partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha isoform X3 [KO:K06093 ]
105306275 VPS25; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 [KO:K12189 ]
105306310 ACAP2; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
105306413 CHMP5; charged multivesicular body protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K12198 ]
105307198 VPS4A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A isoform X1 [KO:K12196 ]
105307392 AGAP2; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17848 ]
105307809 IQSEC2; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X5 [KO:K12495 ]
105308694 VPS45; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 isoform X2 [KO:K12479 ]
105309410 CHMP4A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: charged multivesicular body protein 4a [KO:K12194 ]
105309670 GBF1; Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 [KO:K18443 ]
105311493 IL2RB; interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K05069 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sorkin A
Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title
The endocytic matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal
Related pathway
pvp04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
pvp04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
pvp04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway