KEGG   PATHWAY: cbrc04140
Entry
cbrc04140                   Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Corvus brachyrhynchos (American crow)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
cbrc04140  Autophagy - animal
cbrc04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Corvus brachyrhynchos (American crow) [GN:cbrc]
Gene
103611209  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103611256  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
103611291  [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103611388  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103611516  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
103611883  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 isoform X1 [KO:K19730]
103611985  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103612005  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
103612144  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
103612155  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
103612190  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103612614  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X4 [KO:K11248]
103612625  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
103612932  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
103613020  [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
103613265  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
103613270  CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
103613327  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103613329  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
103613338  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103613347  UBB; polyubiquitin-B isoform X2 [KO:K04551]
103613608  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
103613624  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
103613690  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
103613829  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X2 [KO:K21249]
103614034  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
103614099  [KO:K08341]
103614140  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
103614258  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
103614310  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
103614429  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
103614515  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
103614638  [KO:K16172]
103614691  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
103614801  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
103615065  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
103615105  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
103615261  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
103615304  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
103615373  [KO:K08266]
103615390  SMCR8; Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosomal region candidate gene 8 protein [KO:K23611]
103615482  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103615510  ERN2; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE2 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
103615523  [KO:K08266]
103615576  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
103615879  PIK3R4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103615904  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
103615991  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
103616026  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
103616039  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
103616082  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
103616091  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103616104  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103616302  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
103616364  CUNH9orf72; protein C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
103616448  [KO:K20402]
103616574  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
103616878  [KO:K16186]
103617070  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
103617185  RAB1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
103617237  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
103617616  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
103617696  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X3 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103617702  ATG7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]
103618327  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103618352  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
103618533  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
103618673  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
103618818  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
103618890  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
103618953  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
103619011  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
103619085  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X4 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
103619243  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
103619295  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X2 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103619319  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
103619534  [KO:K07925]
103619696  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
103619822  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
103619829  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
103619843  CTSL; cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
103619857  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103619915  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
103619943  [KO:K21348]
103620087  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
103620287  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
103620396  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X2 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103620551  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
103620609  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
103620698  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
103620746  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X7 [KO:K08331]
103620758  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
103620788  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
103620814  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
103620910  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
103620926  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
103620953  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
103620986  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103621132  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
103621186  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
103621191  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103621206  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103621207  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
103621224  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
103621446  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
103621450  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
103621613  BECN1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
103621641  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K06528]
103621654  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K07187]
103621678  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
103621681  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
103621700  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
103621810  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X4 [KO:K17987]
103621908  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
103622040  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
103622059  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
103622106  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
103622138  [KO:K16185]
103622186  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103622243  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103622345  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
103622357  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X4 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103622635  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
103622676  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
103623031  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
103623138  TSC1; hamartin isoform X2 [KO:K07206]
103623302  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
103623350  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
103623400  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
103623552  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
103623574  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
103623638  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
103623808  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
103623846  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
103623943  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 [KO:K26797]
103623989  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb isoform X1 [KO:K07208]
103624137  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
103624307  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
103624489  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103624930  [KO:K04526]
103624938  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
103625030  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X4 [KO:K17890]
103625098  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103625204  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X2 [KO:K19330]
103625217  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X3 [KO:K20184]
103625276  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
103625330  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b isoform X1 [KO:K07898]
103625342  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
103625461  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
103625490  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589]
108446023  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
108448233  [KO:K21348]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
cbrc04010  MAPK signaling pathway
cbrc04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
cbrc04142  Lysosome
cbrc04150  mTOR signaling pathway
cbrc04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

DBGET integrated database retrieval system