Entry Name Insulin signaling pathway - Camelus dromedarius (Arabian camel)
Description Insulin binding to its receptor results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrates (IRS) by the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (INSR). This allows association of IRSs with the regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PI3K activates 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), which activates Akt, a serine kinase. Akt in turn deactivates glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), leading to activation of glycogen synthase (GYS) and thus glycogen synthesis. Activation of Akt also results in the translocation of GLUT4 vesicles from their intracellular pool to the plasma membrane, where they allow uptake of glucose into the cell. Akt also leads to mTOR-mediated activation of protein synthesis by eIF4 and p70S6K. The translocation of GLUT4 protein is also elicited through the CAP/Cbl/TC10 pathway, once Cbl is phosphorylated by INSR.
Class Organismal Systems; Endocrine systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Organism Camelus dromedarius (Arabian camel) [GN:
cdk ]
Gene 105084258 SORBS1; sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06086 ]
105084758 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
105085169 RAPGEF1; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X16 [KO:K06277 ]
105085313 PPP1R3A; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A isoform X2 [KO:K07189 ]
105085703 PRKAR1A; cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit [KO:K04739 ]
105085928 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
105086305 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
105086410 SHC3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448 ]
105088222 PRKAR2A; cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit [KO:K04739 ]
105089467 PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07199 ]
105089940 EIF4EBP1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 [KO:K07205 ]
105091170 PHKB; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
105091467 SOS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099 ]
105093033 PRKAR2B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit [KO:K04739 ]
105093416 SHC2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SHC-transforming protein 2 [KO:K17447 ]
105095664 PPP1R3D; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3D [KO:K07189 ]
105096091 PRKAG3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 [KO:K07200 ]
105098071 PHKA2; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, liver isoform isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
105098360 PPARGC1A; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha isoform X2 [KO:K07202 ]
105098585 PHKA1; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, skeletal muscle isoform isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
105098685 PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07200 ]
105099556 IRS4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446 ]
105099614 EIF4E1B; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 1B [KO:K03259 ]
105100581 SREBF1; sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07197 ]
105101547 BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X1 [KO:K02158 ]
105101867 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
105102054 PRKAR1B; cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-beta regulatory subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04739 ]
105102349 PPP1R3B; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3B isoform X1 [KO:K07189 ]
105102484 PPP1CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
105103041 SLC2A4; solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4 [KO:K07191 ]
105103571 RHOQ; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoQ [KO:K07194 ]
105103784 PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X2 [KO:K07200 ]
105104430 PPP1CA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
105104898 PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07199 ]
105105233 EIF4E2; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 2 isoform X2 [KO:K03259 ]
105105602 CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183 ]
105106263 RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204 ]
105106314 PPP1R3F; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3F isoform X2 [KO:K17453 ]
105107003 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
116157131 IRS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187 ]
Compound C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Ogawa W, Kasuga M.
Title [Mechanism of insulin action and diabetes mellitus]
Journal Seikagaku 75:1332-44 (2003)
Reference Authors Bevan P.
Title Insulin signalling.
Journal J Cell Sci 114:1429-30 (2001)
Reference Authors Kanzaki M, Pessin JE.
Title Insulin signaling: GLUT4 vesicles exit via the exocyst.
Journal Reference Authors Moodie SA, Alleman-Sposeto J, Gustafson TA.
Title Identification of the APS protein as a novel insulin receptor substrate.
Journal Reference Authors Gual P, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Tanti JF.
Title Positive and negative regulation of insulin signaling through IRS-1 phosphorylation.
Journal Reference Authors Le Good JA, Ziegler WH, Parekh DB, Alessi DR, Cohen P, Parker PJ.
Title Protein kinase C isotypes controlled by phosphoinositide 3-kinase through the protein kinase PDK1.
Journal Reference Authors Saltiel AR, Kahn CR.
Title Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.
Journal Reference Authors Inoki K, Corradetti MN, Guan KL.
Title Dysregulation of the TSC-mTOR pathway in human disease.
Journal Reference Authors Ruggero D, Sonenberg N.
Title The Akt of translational control.
Journal Reference Authors Nave BT, Ouwens M, Withers DJ, Alessi DR, Shepherd PR.
Title Mammalian target of rapamycin is a direct target for protein kinase B: identification of a convergence point for opposing effects of insulin and amino-acid deficiency on protein translation.
Journal Reference Authors Pullen N, Dennis PB, Andjelkovic M, Dufner A, Kozma SC, Hemmings BA, Thomas G.
Title Phosphorylation and activation of p70s6k by PDK1.
Journal Reference Authors Ogawa W, Matozaki T, Kasuga M.
Title Role of binding proteins to IRS-1 in insulin signalling.
Journal Mol Cell Biochem 182:13-22 (1998)
Reference Authors Ceresa BP, Pessin JE.
Title Insulin regulation of the Ras activation/inactivation cycle.
Journal Mol Cell Biochem 182:23-9 (1998)
Reference Authors Pollak MN, Schernhammer ES, Hankinson SE.
Title Insulin-like growth factors and neoplasia.
Journal Reference Authors Datta SR, Dudek H, Tao X, Masters S, Fu H, Gotoh Y, Greenberg ME.
Title Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery.
Journal Reference Authors Ferre P, Foufelle F
Title SREBP-1c transcription factor and lipid homeostasis: clinical perspective.
Journal Reference Authors Raghow R, Yellaturu C, Deng X, Park EA, Elam MB
Title SREBPs: the crossroads of physiological and pathological lipid homeostasis.
Journal Reference Authors Clement S, Krause U, Desmedt F, Tanti JF, Behrends J, Pesesse X, Sasaki T, Penninger J, Doherty M, Malaisse W, Dumont JE, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Erneux C, Hue L, Schurmans S
Title The lipid phosphatase SHIP2 controls insulin sensitivity.
Journal Reference Authors Backers K, Blero D, Paternotte N, Zhang J, Erneux C
Title The termination of PI3K signalling by SHIP1 and SHIP2 inositol 5-phosphatases.
Journal Related cdk04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
KO pathway
