KEGG   PATHWAY: mlf04110
Entry
mlf04110                    Pathway                                
Name
Cell cycle - Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat)
Description
Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory enzymes, each consisting of a catalytic CDK subunit and an activating cyclin subunit. CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. Downstream targets of CDKs include transcription factor E2F and its regulator Rb. Precise activation and inactivation of CDKs at specific points in the cell cycle are required for orderly cell division. Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated.
 Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. In response to DNA damage, the checkpoint kinase ATM phosphorylates and activates Chk2, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates p53 tumor suppressor protein. p53 and its transcriptional targets play an important role in both G1 and G2 checkpoints. ATR-Chk1-mediated protein degradation of Cdc25A protein phosphatase is also a mechanism conferring intra-S-phase checkpoint activation.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
Pathway map
mlf04110  Cell cycle
mlf04110

Other DBs
GO: 0000278
Organism
Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat) [GN:mlf]
Gene
102441858  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 isoform X1 [KO:K04503]
102422703  CCND2; G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 [KO:K10151]
102435083  CCND3; G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 isoform X1 [KO:K10152]
102431798  CDK4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102430068  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102436007  RB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: retinoblastoma-associated protein [KO:K06618]
102428375  RBL1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: retinoblastoma-like protein 1 [KO:K04681]
102423035  RBL2; retinoblastoma-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K16332]
102433845  ABL1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 [KO:K06619] [EC:2.7.10.2]
102428494  HDAC1; histone deacetylase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
102425617  HDAC2; histone deacetylase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
102421766  E2F1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcription factor E2F1 [KO:K17454]
102418995  E2F2; transcription factor E2F2 [KO:K09389]
102422093  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 isoform X1 [KO:K06620]
102420837  E2F5; transcription factor E2F5 [KO:K04682]
102435557  E2F4; transcription factor E2F4 isoform X2 [KO:K04682]
102430881  TFDP1; transcription factor Dp-1 [KO:K04683]
102422934  TFDP2; transcription factor Dp-2 isoform X1 [KO:K09392]
102428794  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X13 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
102435068  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 [KO:K13375]
102431488  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K13376]
102441450  TGFB3; transforming growth factor beta-3 [KO:K13377]
102429768  SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500]
102427892  SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K23605]
102419263  SMAD4; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04501]
102426511  MYC; myc proto-oncogene protein [KO:K04377]
102430174  ZBTB17; zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 17 isoform X8 [KO:K10500]
102419422  cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A [KO:K06621]
102442800  CDKN2B; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B [KO:K04685]
102423668  CDKN2C; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor C [KO:K06622]
102432386  CDKN2D; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor D [KO:K06623]
102429961  CDKN1B; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B [KO:K06624]
102439094  CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K06625]
102431579  CCNE1; G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 [KO:K06626]
102429544  CCNE2; G1/S-specific cyclin-E2 isoform X1 [KO:K06626]
102440300  CDK2; cyclin-dependent kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02206] [EC:2.7.11.22]
102432509  SKP1; S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 [KO:K03094]
102421559  CUL1; cullin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K03347]
102431403  RBX1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RBX1 [KO:K03868] [EC:2.3.2.32]
102429293  SKP2; S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 [KO:K03875]
102442533  CCNA2; cyclin-A2 [KO:K06627]
102427709  CCNA1; cyclin-A1 [KO:K06627]
102419962  CDC6; cell division control protein 6 homolog isoform X2 [KO:K02213]
102434733  CDT1; DNA replication factor Cdt1 isoform X1 [KO:K10727]
102425952  ORC1; origin recognition complex subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02603]
102436720  ORC2; origin recognition complex subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02604]
102431079  ORC3; origin recognition complex subunit 3 isoform X1 [KO:K02605]
102440161  ORC4; origin recognition complex subunit 4 isoform X2 [KO:K02606]
102422443  ORC5; origin recognition complex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K02607]
102437388  ORC6; origin recognition complex subunit 6 [KO:K02608]
102424407  MCM2; DNA replication licensing factor MCM2 [KO:K02540] [EC:5.6.2.3]
102428079  MCM3; DNA replication licensing factor MCM3 [KO:K02541] [EC:5.6.2.3]
102442842  MCM4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 [KO:K02212] [EC:5.6.2.3]
102422290  MCM5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DNA replication licensing factor MCM5 [KO:K02209] [EC:5.6.2.3]
102428933  MCM6; DNA replication licensing factor MCM6 isoform X1 [KO:K02542] [EC:5.6.2.3]
102428518  MCM7; DNA replication licensing factor MCM7 isoform X1 [KO:K02210] [EC:5.6.2.3]
102426641  CDC45; cell division control protein 45 homolog [KO:K06628]
102443085  TICRR; treslin [KO:K26117]
102420091  MTBP; mdm2-binding protein [KO:K26116]
102435128  CDC7; cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K02214] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102424335  DBF4; protein DBF4 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K06629]
102421462  protein DBF4 homolog B [KO:K06629]
102440693  CDK1; cyclin-dependent kinase 1 [KO:K02087] [EC:2.7.11.22 2.7.11.23]
102426745  CCNB1; G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K05868]
102441382  CCNB2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B2 [KO:K21770]
102418588  CCNB3; G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B3 [KO:K21771]
102439774  CDC25B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: M-phase inducer phosphatase 2 [KO:K05866] [EC:3.1.3.48]
102419273  CDC25C; M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05867] [EC:3.1.3.48]
102422727  YWHAZ; 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta isoform X1 [KO:K16197]
102425387  YWHAQ; 14-3-3 protein theta [KO:K16197]
102430844  YWHAB; 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha isoform X4 [KO:K16197]
102441239  YWHAE; 14-3-3 protein epsilon [KO:K06630]
102438996  YWHAG; 14-3-3 protein gamma [KO:K16198]
102433319  14-3-3 protein eta [KO:K16198]
102441801  PLK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 [KO:K06631] [EC:2.7.11.21]
102422695  WEE2; wee1-like protein kinase 2 [KO:K06632] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102442457  WEE1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: wee1-like protein kinase [KO:K06632] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102436053  PKMYT1; membrane-associated tyrosine- and threonine-specific cdc2-inhibitory kinase [KO:K06633] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102438141  CCNH; cyclin-H isoform X4 [KO:K06634]
102425903  CDK7; cyclin-dependent kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K02202] [EC:2.7.11.22 2.7.11.23]
102435875  ANAPC1; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03348]
102422384  CDC27; cell division cycle protein 27 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K03350]
102442472  ANAPC4; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 4 [KO:K03351]
102431259  anaphase-promoting complex subunit 5-like [KO:K03352]
102421535  ANAPC5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: anaphase-promoting complex subunit 5 [KO:K03352]
102431943  CDC16; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cell division cycle protein 16 homolog [KO:K03353]
102434739  ANAPC7; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 7 isoform X1 [KO:K03354]
102441388  CDC23; cell division cycle protein 23 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K03355]
102430357  ANAPC10; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 10 isoform X2 [KO:K03357]
102429993  ANAPC11; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 11 [KO:K03358]
102436645  CDC26; anaphase-promoting complex subunit CDC26 [KO:K03359]
102432680  ANAPC13; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 13 [KO:K12456]
102439680  anaphase-promoting complex subunit 15 [KO:K25228]
102419523  ANAPC15; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 15 [KO:K25228]
102422685  ANAPC16; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 16 [KO:K25229]
102420317  CDC20; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cell division cycle protein 20 homolog [KO:K03363]
102432718  PTTG1; securin isoform X1 [KO:K06635]
102417742  ESPL1; separin [KO:K02365] [EC:3.4.22.49]
102443338  SMC1A; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1A isoform X1 [KO:K06636]
102433422  SMC1B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1B [KO:K06636]
102423169  SMC3; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K06669]
102440251  RAD21; double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog [KO:K06670]
102435998  STAG2; cohesin subunit SA-2 isoform X3 [KO:K06671]
102435071  STAG1; cohesin subunit SA-1 isoform X3 [KO:K06671]
102420492  ATRX; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcriptional regulator ATRX [KO:K10779]
102432435  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX11-like protein 8 [KO:K11273] [EC:5.6.2.7]
102430106  NIPBL; nipped-B-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K06672]
102417641  MAU2; MAU2 chromatid cohesion factor homolog isoform X1 [KO:K11266]
102432478  HDAC8; histone deacetylase 8 [KO:K11405] [EC:3.5.1.98]
102427151  histone deacetylase 8 [KO:K11405] [EC:3.5.1.98]
102420361  ESCO1; N-acetyltransferase ESCO1 isoform X1 [KO:K11268] [EC:2.3.1.-]
102426328  ESCO2; N-acetyltransferase ESCO2 [KO:K11268] [EC:2.3.1.-]
102435692  PDS5B; sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog B isoform X2 [KO:K11267]
102418549  PDS5A; sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K11267]
102438445  WAPL; wings apart-like protein homolog isoform X1 [KO:K25163]
102420401  CDCA5; sororin [KO:K17390]
102437337  AURKB; aurora kinase B isoform X1 [KO:K11479] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102438361  SGO1; shugoshin 1 [KO:K11580]
102432188  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102430803  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102421388  PPP2R1B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform [KO:K03456]
102442817  PPP2R1A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform [KO:K03456]
102433480  PPP2R5E; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
102417642  PPP2R5D; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
102432946  PPP2R5A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
102430062  PPP2R5C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform isoform X5 [KO:K11584]
102442935  PPP2R5B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform [KO:K11584]
102440995  NDC80; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: kinetochore protein NDC80 homolog [KO:K11547]
102419103  KNL1; kinetochore scaffold 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11542]
102424202  TTK; dual specificity protein kinase TTK [KO:K08866] [EC:2.7.12.1]
102437865  MAD1L1; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1 [KO:K06679]
102431013  mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A-like [KO:K02537]
102437866  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A-like [KO:K02537]
102436938  MAD2L2; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2B isoform X2 [KO:K13728]
102442783  BUB1B; mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1 beta isoform X1 [KO:K06637] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102426271  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitotic checkpoint protein BUB3-like [KO:K02180]
102443077  BUB1; mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1 isoform X1 [KO:K02178] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102423220  TRIP13; pachytene checkpoint protein 2 homolog [KO:K22399]
102425477  MAD2L1BP; MAD2L1-binding protein [KO:K26093]
102424998  FZR1; fizzy-related protein homolog isoform X1 [KO:K03364]
102436368  FBXO5; F-box only protein 5 [KO:K10292]
102427402  CDC14A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity protein phosphatase CDC14A [KO:K06639] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
102442714  CDC14B; dual specificity protein phosphatase CDC14B isoform X1 [KO:K06639] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
102430864  EP300; histone acetyltransferase p300 isoform X2 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
102424403  CREBBP; CREB-binding protein isoform X4 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
102419064  PRKDC; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit [KO:K06642] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102440870  ATR; serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR [KO:K06640] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102440135  ATM; serine-protein kinase ATM isoform X1 [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102416898  MDM2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 isoform X1 [KO:K06643] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102431418  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform X2 [KO:K04451]
102428736  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
102427327  GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04402]
102429644  GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
102418168  PCNA; proliferating cell nuclear antigen [KO:K04802]
102438844  SFN; 14-3-3 protein sigma [KO:K06644]
102437641  CHEK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1 isoform X1 [KO:K02216] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111828035  CHEK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 isoform X1 [KO:K06641] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102425819  M-phase inducer phosphatase 1-like [KO:K06645] [EC:3.1.3.48]
102434301  M-phase inducer phosphatase 1-like [KO:K06645] [EC:3.1.3.48]
102439293  CDC25A; M-phase inducer phosphatase 1 [KO:K06645] [EC:3.1.3.48]
Reference
PMID:7908906
  Authors
Matsuoka S, Yamaguchi M, Matsukage A
  Title
D-type cyclin-binding regions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 269:11030-6 (1994)
Reference
PMID:8242749
  Authors
Welch PJ, Wang JY
  Title
A C-terminal protein-binding domain in the retinoblastoma protein regulates nuclear c-Abl tyrosine kinase in the cell cycle.
  Journal
Cell 75:779-90 (1993)
DOI:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90497-E
Reference
  Authors
Macaluso M, Montanari M, Giordano A
  Title
Rb family proteins as modulators of gene expression and new aspects regarding the interaction with chromatin remodeling enzymes.
  Journal
Oncogene 25:5263-7 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1209680
Reference
  Authors
Cobrinik D
  Title
Pocket proteins and cell cycle control.
  Journal
Oncogene 24:2796-809 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1208619
Reference
  Authors
Boutros R, Lobjois V, Ducommun B
  Title
CDC25 phosphatases in cancer cells: key players? Good targets?
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 7:495-507 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nrc2169
Reference
PMID:9832503
  Authors
Diehl JA, Cheng M, Roussel MF, Sherr CJ
  Title
Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta regulates cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization.
  Journal
Genes Dev 12:3499-511 (1998)
DOI:10.1101/gad.12.22.3499
Reference
  Authors
Klein EA, Assoian RK
  Title
Transcriptional regulation of the cyclin D1 gene at a glance.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 121:3853-7 (2008)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.039131
Reference
  Authors
Sherr CJ, Roberts JM
  Title
CDK inhibitors: positive and negative regulators of G1-phase progression.
  Journal
Genes Dev 13:1501-12 (1999)
DOI:10.1101/gad.13.12.1501
Reference
  Authors
Shi Y, Massague J.
  Title
Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus.
  Journal
Cell 113:685-700 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00432-X
Reference
  Authors
Kamura T, Hara T, Kotoshiba S, Yada M, Ishida N, Imaki H, Hatakeyama S, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI
  Title
Degradation of p57Kip2 mediated by SCFSkp2-dependent ubiquitylation.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:10231-6 (2003)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1831009100
Reference
  Authors
Bond M, Sala-Newby GB, Wu YJ, Newby AC
  Title
Biphasic effect of p21Cip1 on smooth muscle cell proliferation: role of PI 3-kinase and Skp2-mediated degradation.
  Journal
Cardiovasc Res 69:198-206 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.08.020
Reference
  Authors
Harris SL, Levine AJ.
  Title
The p53 pathway: positive and negative feedback loops.
  Journal
Oncogene 24:2899-908 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1208615
Reference
  Authors
Vogelstein B, Lane D, Levine AJ
  Title
Surfing the p53 network.
  Journal
Nature 408:307-10 (2000)
DOI:10.1038/35042675
Reference
PMID:7973727
  Authors
Smith ML, Chen IT, Zhan Q, Bae I, Chen CY, Gilmer TM, Kastan MB, O'Connor PM, Fornace AJ Jr
  Title
Interaction of the p53-regulated protein Gadd45 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
  Journal
Science 266:1376-80 (1994)
DOI:10.1126/science.7973727
Reference
PMID:9889196
  Authors
Petersen BO, Lukas J, Sorensen CS, Bartek J, Helin K
  Title
Phosphorylation of mammalian CDC6 by cyclin A/CDK2 regulates its subcellular localization.
  Journal
EMBO J 18:396-410 (1999)
DOI:10.1093/emboj/18.2.396
Reference
  Authors
Sheu YJ, Stillman B
  Title
Cdc7-Dbf4 phosphorylates MCM proteins via a docking site-mediated mechanism to promote S phase progression.
  Journal
Mol Cell 24:101-13 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.molcel.2006.07.033
Reference
PMID:9029154
  Authors
Martinez AM, Afshar M, Martin F, Cavadore JC, Labbe JC, Doree M
  Title
Dual phosphorylation of the T-loop in cdk7: its role in controlling cyclin H binding and CAK activity.
  Journal
EMBO J 16:343-54 (1997)
DOI:10.1093/emboj/16.2.343
Reference
  Authors
Lolli G, Johnson LN
  Title
CAK-Cyclin-dependent Activating Kinase: a key kinase in cell cycle control and a target for drugs?
  Journal
Cell Cycle 4:572-7 (2005)
DOI:10.4161/cc.4.4.1607
Reference
  Authors
Musacchio A, Salmon ED
  Title
The spindle-assembly checkpoint in space and time.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8:379-93 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nrm2163
Reference
  Authors
Uhlmann F
  Title
Chromosome cohesion and separation: from men and molecules.
  Journal
Curr Biol 13:R104-14 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00039-3
Reference
  Authors
Stegmeier F, Amon A
  Title
Closing mitosis: the functions of the Cdc14 phosphatase and its regulation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 38:203-32 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.genet.38.072902.093051
Reference
PMID:9618481
  Authors
Moustakas A, Kardassis D
  Title
Regulation of the human p21/WAF1/Cip1 promoter in hepatic cells by functional interactions between Sp1 and Smad family members.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:6733-8 (1998)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6733
Reference
  Authors
de Boer HR, Guerrero Llobet S, van Vugt MA
  Title
Controlling the response to DNA damage by the APC/C-Cdh1.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 73:949-60 (2016)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-2096-7
Reference
  Authors
Qiao X, Zhang L, Gamper AM, Fujita T, Wan Y
  Title
APC/C-Cdh1: from cell cycle to cellular differentiation and genomic integrity.
  Journal
Cell Cycle 9:3904-12 (2010)
DOI:10.4161/cc.9.19.13585
Related
pathway
mlf03030  DNA replication
mlf04010  MAPK signaling pathway
mlf04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
mlf04210  Apoptosis
KO pathway
ko04110   
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