KEGG   PATHWAY: cbai05012
Entry
cbai05012                   Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Camelus bactrianus (Bactrian camel)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
cbai05012  Parkinson disease
cbai05012

Organism
Camelus bactrianus (Bactrian camel) [GN:cbai]
Gene
105069328  ADORA2A; adenosine receptor A2a [KO:K04266]
105071436  GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha [KO:K04633]
105071802  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha [KO:K04632]
105071803  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
105081085  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor [KO:K04145]
105080234  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
105062385  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
105063651  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
105081635  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105075498  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
105068302  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
105062066  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
105079366  UBA1; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
105080247  UBA7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
105082583  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
105066513  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
105084062  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
105080679  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
105069353  UBE2L3; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
105066937  UBE2L6; ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 isoform X1 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
105071073  UBE2J2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
105064120  UBE2J1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
105078004  UBE2G2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 isoform X1 [KO:K04555] [EC:2.3.2.23]
105080851  UBE2G1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
105077461  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin-like [KO:K04556] [EC:2.3.2.31]
105080861  SNCA; alpha-synuclein [KO:K04528]
105063120  GPR37; prosaposin receptor GPR37 [KO:K04243]
105070541  SEPT5; septin-5 [KO:K04557]
105082062  SNCAIP; synphilin-1 [KO:K04558]
105079151  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105080548  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105069153  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105080146  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha type-7-like isoform X1 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105068483  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105063643  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 isoform X1 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105076610  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105074620  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105072083  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 isoform X1 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105069918  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105073284  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105072826  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105068772  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105077638  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105071713  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
105062405  PSMC2; 26S protease regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
105079855  PSMC1; 26S protease regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
105062851  PSMC4; 26S protease regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
105074579  PSMC6; 26S protease regulatory subunit 10B isoform X1 [KO:K03064]
105076444  PSMC3; 26S protease regulatory subunit 6A [KO:K03065]
105069781  PSMC5; 26S protease regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03066]
105063360  PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
105069823  PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032]
105073251  PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
105080634  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693]
105063945  PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
105071608  PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
105066572  PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037]
105073378  PSMD7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
105064442  PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 [KO:K03039]
105071719  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03029]
105081946  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030]
105075594  PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
105068481  ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 [KO:K06691]
105074936  UCHL1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
105074723  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
105079857  CALM1; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
105079032  CALM2; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
105062547  CALM3; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
105069522  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
105071194  CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
105080692  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105075360  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105074295  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105067142  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105071480  MAPT; microtubule-associated protein tau [KO:K04380]
105076866  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
105074761  ITPR1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
105062304  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
105064212  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
105071939  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105069906  HSPA5; 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein [KO:K09490] [EC:3.6.4.10]
105068089  ATF6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
105062127  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
105063967  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
105066108  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
105072126  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105074689  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
105073101  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
105070385  TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
105079347  amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
105079348  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
105081248  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
105080762  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
105069001  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
105076232  SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 [KO:K21398]
105078167  SLC39A3; zinc transporter ZIP3 [KO:K14709]
105068199  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 [KO:K14709]
105064660  SLC39A2; zinc transporter ZIP2 [KO:K14709]
105073818  SLC39A4; zinc transporter ZIP4 isoform X1 [KO:K14710]
105075892  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 [KO:K14711]
105062814  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 [KO:K14712]
105064233  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 [KO:K14713]
105067910  SLC39A8; zinc transporter ZIP8 [KO:K14714]
105074709  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 [KO:K14715]
105063974  SLC39A10; zinc transporter ZIP10 isoform X1 [KO:K14716]
105065702  zinc transporter ZIP11 [KO:K14717]
105065818  zinc transporter ZIP11-like [KO:K14717]
105079231  SLC39A12; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: zinc transporter ZIP12 [KO:K14718]
105076445  SLC39A13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
105068980  SLC39A14; zinc transporter ZIP14 isoform X1 [KO:K14720]
5309946  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
5309937  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
5309944  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
5309941  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
5309936  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
5309943  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
5309938  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
105070347  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
105071425  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
105082010  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nucleolin 2-like [KO:K03944]
105078031  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03944]
105082204  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
105082524  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
105062119  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
105063126  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
105073054  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
105078298  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 isoform X1 [KO:K03951]
105069944  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
105076602  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
105063542  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954]
105073674  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
105078246  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
105075004  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
105082612  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
105079871  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
105063021  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
105082303  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
105081602  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
105063321  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
105078738  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
105068291  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
105081740  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
105082930  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
105064864  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
105079364  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
105072973  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
105069551  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
105076439  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
105077819  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
105072778  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
105081220  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
105078134  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
105070353  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
105068700  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
105083557  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
105081204  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
105070924  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
105069559  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
105080057  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237]
105064978  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
5309939  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
105073809  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
105080286  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00414]
105073690  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
105079314  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
105082111  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
105066064  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
105078146  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
5309935  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
5309945  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
5309940  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
105079454  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
105073586  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263]
105069182  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
105072187  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
105080567  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
105082771  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
105077721  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02266]
105074364  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
105065045  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
105069613  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
105083081  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
105078998  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
105065074  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
105074919  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
105065507  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
105064513  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8B, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
105073977  ATP5A1; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
105075874  ATP5B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
105074249  ATP5C1; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
105078129  ATP5D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
5309934  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
105063685  ATP5F1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
105076379  ATP5G2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
105073318  ATP5G1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
105073455  ATP5G3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
105065669  ATP5H; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
105070222  ATP5O; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
105070280  ATP5J; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
5309942  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
105070892  PINK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105075383  MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial [KO:K20858]
105081372  LRRK2; leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105078073  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
105064900  TRAP1; heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial [KO:K09488]
105082119  VDAC1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
105075349  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
105071214  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 [KO:K15041]
105079514  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
105062990  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
105067103  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
105067679  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
105075337  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
105079817  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
105065989  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
105075026  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 [KO:K02084]
105070945  CASP9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
105067685  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
105071005  PARK7; protein DJ-1 [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
105073585  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
105062612  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
105063315  MFN1; mitofusin-1 [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
105070960  MFN2; mitofusin-2 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
105062132  KIF5A; kinesin heavy chain isoform 5A isoform X1 [KO:K10396]
105065200  KIF5C; kinesin heavy chain isoform 5C [KO:K10396]
105071801  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain [KO:K10396]
105079962  KLC1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
105083796  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 [KO:K10407]
105062722  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 [KO:K10407]
105070292  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 [KO:K10407]
105074725  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
105075967  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
105076201  tubulin alpha-1B chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
105076202  tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
105083466  tubulin alpha-1C chain-like [KO:K07374]
105064041  TUBA4A; tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
105070558  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
105070561  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
105080889  tubulin beta-3 chain-like [KO:K07375]
105078262  TUBB4A; tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
105079775  TUBB2A; tubulin beta-2A chain [KO:K07375]
105074100  TUBB; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
105071442  TUBB6; tubulin beta-6 chain [KO:K07375]
105071798  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]
105073382  TUBB4B; tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
105077515  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
105082649  DUSP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
105073466  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [KO:K05638]
105080964  TXN; thioredoxin [KO:K03671]
105073169  TXN2; thioredoxin, mitochondrial [KO:K03671]
105064268  DAXX; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: death domain-associated protein 6 [KO:K02308]
105077264  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
105075609  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105077723  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105062001  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105070249  SOD1; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
105068384  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
PMID:16495942
  Authors
Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit MM, Wood NW
  Title
Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1868
Reference
PMID:12938733
  Authors
Lim KL, Lim TM
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
  Journal
IUBMB Life 55:315-22 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/1521654031000153030
Reference
PMID:26501339
  Authors
Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
  Title
Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
  Journal
Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
DOI:10.3390/biom5042675
Reference
PMID:15767499
  Authors
Eriksen JL, Wszolek Z, Petrucelli L
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Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
  Journal
Arch Neurol 62:353-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1001/archneur.62.3.353
Reference
PMID:16972273
  Authors
Olanow CW, McNaught KS
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Ubiquitin-proteasome system and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:18047737
  Authors
Lim KL, Tan JM
  Title
Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
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BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2091-8-S1-S13
Reference
PMID:29090092
  Authors
Maiti P, Manna J, Dunbar GL
  Title
Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Targets for potential treatments.
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Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
DOI:10.1186/s40035-017-0099-z
Reference
PMID:12814656
  Authors
Dev KK, van der Putten H, Sommer B, Rovelli G
  Title
Part I: parkin-associated proteins and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00337-4
Reference
PMID:20495568
  Authors
Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Goetz CG, Marin C, Kordower JH, Rodriguez M, Hirsch EC, Farrer M, Schapira AH, Halliday G
  Title
Missing pieces in the Parkinson's disease puzzle.
  Journal
Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
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Reference
PMID:24781149
  Authors
Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
  Title
Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 357:439-54 (2014)
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Reference
PMID:19230774
  Authors
Bezprozvanny I
  Title
Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2009.01.001
Reference
PMID:28468938
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Zaichick SV, McGrath KM, Caraveo G
  Title
The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:28838811
  Authors
Ludtmann MHR, Abramov AY
  Title
Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.044
Reference
PMID:19663908
  Authors
Sandebring A, Dehvari N, Perez-Manso M, Thomas KJ, Karpilovski E, Cookson MR, Cowburn RF, Cedazo-Minguez A
  Title
Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
  Journal
FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07201.x
Reference
PMID:23352769
  Authors
Mercado G, Valdes P, Hetz C
  Title
An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.12.005
Reference
PMID:27103567
  Authors
Mercado G, Castillo V, Soto P, Sidhu A
  Title
ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
  Journal
Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.042
Reference
PMID:26297973
  Authors
Tsujii S, Ishisaka M, Hara H
  Title
Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.033
Reference
PMID:31100053
  Authors
Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
  Title
Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
DOI:10.1080/1028415X.2019.1613764
Reference
PMID:24548101
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J, Paris I, Munoz P, Ferrari E, Zecca L, Zucca FA
  Title
Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.12686
Reference
PMID:31587020
  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
  Title
The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 79:276-289 (2019)
Reference
PMID:15189334
  Authors
Perez RG, Hastings TG
  Title
Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
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J Neurochem 89:1318-24 (2004)
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Reference
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  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J
  Title
A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
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Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:27546335
  Authors
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  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 139 Suppl 1:216-231 (2016)
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Reference
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  Title
Emerging (and converging) pathways in Parkinson's disease: keeping mitochondrial wellness.
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun 483:1020-1030 (2017)
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PMID:27829983
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Mack JM, Schamne MG, Sampaio TB, Pertile RA, Fernandes PA, Markus RP, Prediger RD
  Title
Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms.
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Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:3472032 (2016)
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Reference
PMID:21674642
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Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
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Mitochondria, calcium, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Reference
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Gaki GS, Papavassiliou AG
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Oxidative stress-induced signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Neuromolecular Med 16:217-30 (2014)
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Reference
PMID:25761946
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The Parkinson Disease Mitochondrial Hypothesis: Where Are We at?
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Neuroscientist 22:266-77 (2016)
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Reference
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  Authors
de Vries RL, Przedborski S
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Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: be eaten to stay healthy.
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Mol Cell Neurosci 55:37-43 (2013)
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Reference
PMID:20736035
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Deas E, Wood NW, Plun-Favreau H
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: the PINK1-parkin link.
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Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.08.007
Reference
PMID:25611507
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Pickrell AM, Youle RJ
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The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease.
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Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:27911343
  Authors
Truban D, Hou X, Caulfield TR, Fiesel FC, Springer W
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PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
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J Parkinsons Dis 7:13-29 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:28823929
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Biosa A, Sandrelli F, Beltramini M, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M
  Title
Recent findings on the physiological function of DJ-1: Beyond Parkinson's disease.
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Neurobiol Dis 108:65-72 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:29147906
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Oh SE, Mouradian MM
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Regulation of Signal Transduction by DJ-1.
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Adv Exp Med Biol 1037:97-131 (2017)
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Reference
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Dolgacheva LP, Berezhnov AV, Fedotova EI, Zinchenko VP, Abramov AY
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Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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J Bioenerg Biomembr 51:175-188 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:30370500
  Authors
Melo TQ, Copray SJCVM, Ferrari MFR
  Title
Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity on Protein Quality Control, Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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Neurochem Res 43:2212-2223 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:30937538
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Zhai S, Shen W, Graves SM, Surmeier DJ
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Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson's disease.
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J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:29720658
  Authors
Parker JG, Marshall JD, Ahanonu B, Wu YW, Kim TH, Grewe BF, Zhang Y, Li JZ, Ding JB, Ehlers MD, Schnitzer MJ
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Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states.
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Nature 557:177-182 (2018)
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Related
pathway
cbai00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
cbai00350  Tyrosine metabolism
cbai03050  Proteasome
cbai04020  Calcium signaling pathway
cbai04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
cbai04137  Mitophagy - animal
cbai04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
cbai04210  Apoptosis
cbai04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05012   
LinkDB

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