Entry
Name
Necroptosis - Loxodonta africana (African savanna elephant)
Description
Necroptosis is a programmed form of necrosis. It can be initiated by different stimuli, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), Fas ligand (FasL), interferon (IFN), LPS, viral DNA or RNA, DNA-damage agent and requires the kinase activity of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3. Its execution involves ROS generation, calcium overload, the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, mitochondrial fission, inflammatory response and chromatinolysis. Necroptosis participates in many pathogenesis of diseases, including neurological diseases, retinal disorders, acute kidney injury, inflammatory diseases and microbial infections.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Organism
Loxodonta africana (African savanna elephant) [GN:
lav ]
Gene
100672143 TNFRSF1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
100657751 TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X4 [KO:K03171 ]
100659446 baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K16060 ]
100654220 RBCK1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ranBP-type and C3HC4-type zinc finger-containing protein 1 [KO:K10630 ] [EC:2.3.2.31 ]
100663168 SPATA2L; spermatogenesis-associated protein 2-like protein [KO:K17595 ]
100660622 SPATA2; spermatogenesis-associated protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K17595 ]
100660836 CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724 ]
100675807 RIPK3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 [KO:K08847 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
100653927 CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
100663321 CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X2 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
100663098 VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862 ]
100667776 VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040 ]
100656308 VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 [KO:K15041 ]
100669613 NLRP3; NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12800 ]
100664299 PYCARD; apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD [KO:K12799 ]
100662105 CHMP2B; charged multivesicular body protein 2b isoform X1 [KO:K12192 ]
100654545 CHMP3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: charged multivesicular body protein 3 [KO:K12193 ]
100661938 CHMP6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: charged multivesicular body protein 6 [KO:K12195 ]
100674984 VPS4B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B [KO:K12196 ]
100661089 VPS4A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A isoform X1 [KO:K12196 ]
104845540 CHMP1B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: charged multivesicular body protein 1b [KO:K12197 ]
100671948 CHMP7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: charged multivesicular body protein 7 [KO:K15053 ]
100672088 TRPM7; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04982 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
100659733 TNFSF10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04721 ]
104846103 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A-like isoform X1 [KO:K04722 ]
104846102 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B-like isoform X1 [KO:K04722 ]
100662586 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
100657715 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390 ]
100668424 STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220 ]
100656374 STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 [KO:K11221 ]
100669583 STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X2 [KO:K04692 ]
100668145 STAT4; signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 isoform X1 [KO:K11222 ]
100669299 STAT5B; signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B isoform X1 [KO:K11224 ]
100675819 STAT6; signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 isoform X1 [KO:K11225 ]
100665908 EIF2AK2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K16195 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
100676217 HSP90AA1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha [KO:K04079 ]
100653663 AIFM1; apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K04727 ] [EC:1.-.-.-]
Compound
C14592 N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
Reference
Authors
Vandenabeele P, Galluzzi L, Vanden Berghe T, Kroemer G
Title
Molecular mechanisms of necroptosis: an ordered cellular explosion.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brenner D, Blaser H, Mak TW
Title
Regulation of tumour necrosis factor signalling: live or let die.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Conrad M, Angeli JP, Vandenabeele P, Stockwell BR
Title
Regulated necrosis: disease relevance and therapeutic opportunities.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ofengeim D, Yuan J
Title
Regulation of RIP1 kinase signalling at the crossroads of inflammation and cell death.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murphy JM, Vince JE
Title
Post-translational control of RIPK3 and MLKL mediated necroptotic cell death.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vanden Berghe T, Linkermann A, Jouan-Lanhouet S, Walczak H, Vandenabeele P
Title
Regulated necrosis: the expanding network of non-apoptotic cell death pathways.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dondelinger Y, Hulpiau P, Saeys Y, Bertrand MJ, Vandenabeele P
Title
An evolutionary perspective on the necroptotic pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Thapa RJ, Ingram JP, Ragan KB, Nogusa S, Boyd DF, Benitez AA, Sridharan H, Kosoff R, Shubina M, Landsteiner VJ, Andrake M, Vogel P, Sigal LJ, tenOever BR, Thomas PG, Upton JW, Balachandran S
Title
DAI Senses Influenza A Virus Genomic RNA and Activates RIPK3-Dependent Cell Death.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yuan J, Najafov A, Py BF
Title
Roles of Caspases in Necrotic Cell Death.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jorgensen I, Rayamajhi M, Miao EA
Title
Programmed cell death as a defence against infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vandenabeele P, Declercq W, Van Herreweghe F, Vanden Berghe T
Title
The role of the kinases RIP1 and RIP3 in TNF-induced necrosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vanlangenakker N, Vanden Berghe T, Vandenabeele P
Title
Many stimuli pull the necrotic trigger, an overview.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Moriwaki K, Chan FK
Title
RIP3: a molecular switch for necrosis and inflammation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Humphries F, Yang S, Wang B, Moynagh PN
Title
RIP kinases: key decision makers in cell death and innate immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wegner KW, Saleh D, Degterev A
Title
Complex Pathologic Roles of RIPK1 and RIPK3: Moving Beyond Necroptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kupka S, De Miguel D, Draber P, Martino L, Surinova S, Rittinger K, Walczak H
Title
SPATA2-Mediated Binding of CYLD to HOIP Enables CYLD Recruitment to Signaling Complexes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Goodall ML, Fitzwalter BE, Zahedi S, Wu M, Rodriguez D, Mulcahy-Levy JM, Green DR, Morgan M, Cramer SD, Thorburn A
Title
The Autophagy Machinery Controls Cell Death Switching between Apoptosis and Necroptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Xu G, Tan X, Wang H, Sun W, Shi Y, Burlingame S, Gu X, Cao G, Zhang T, Qin J, Yang J
Title
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 21 inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced nuclear factor kappaB activation via binding to and deubiquitinating receptor-interacting protein 1.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jacobsen AV, Silke J
Title
The importance of being chaperoned: HSP90 and necroptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gurung P, Man SM, Kanneganti TD
Title
A20 is a regulator of necroptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Feng N, Anderson ME
Title
CaMKII is a nodal signal for multiple programmed cell death pathways in heart.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhivotovsky B, Galluzzi L, Kepp O, Kroemer G
Title
Adenine nucleotide translocase: a component of the phylogenetically conserved cell death machinery.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Thapa RJ, Nogusa S, Chen P, Maki JL, Lerro A, Andrake M, Rall GF, Degterev A, Balachandran S
Title
Interferon-induced RIP1/RIP3-mediated necrosis requires PKR and is licensed by FADD and caspases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Thapa RJ, Basagoudanavar SH, Nogusa S, Irrinki K, Mallilankaraman K, Slifker MJ, Beg AA, Madesh M, Balachandran S
Title
NF-kappaB protects cells from gamma interferon-induced RIP1-dependent necroptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sridharan H, Upton JW
Title
Programmed necrosis in microbial pathogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cabon L, Galan-Malo P, Bouharrour A, Delavallee L, Brunelle-Navas MN, Lorenzo HK, Gross A, Susin SA
Title
BID regulates AIF-mediated caspase-independent necroptosis by promoting BAX activation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Baritaud M, Boujrad H, Lorenzo HK, Krantic S, Susin SA
Title
Histone H2AX: The missing link in AIF-mediated caspase-independent programmed necrosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Upton JW, Kaiser WJ
Title
DAI Another Way: Necroptotic Control of Viral Infection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Silke J, Rickard JA, Gerlic M
Title
The diverse role of RIP kinases in necroptosis and inflammation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Guo H, Kaiser WJ
Title
ESCRTing Necroptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gong YN, Guy C, Olauson H, Becker JU, Yang M, Fitzgerald P, Linkermann A, Green DR
Title
ESCRT-III Acts Downstream of MLKL to Regulate Necroptotic Cell Death and Its Consequences.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Petrie EJ, Hildebrand JM, Murphy JM
Title
Insane in the membrane: a structural perspective of MLKL function in necroptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cai Z, Jitkaew S, Zhao J, Chiang HC, Choksi S, Liu J, Ward Y, Wu LG, Liu ZG
Title
Plasma membrane translocation of trimerized MLKL protein is required for TNF-induced necroptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lawlor KE, Khan N, Mildenhall A, Gerlic M, Croker BA, D'Cruz AA, Hall C, Kaur Spall S, Anderton H, Masters SL, Rashidi M, Wicks IP, Alexander WS, Mitsuuchi Y, Benetatos CA, Condon SM, Wong WW, Silke J, Vaux DL, Vince JE
Title
RIPK3 promotes cell death and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the absence of MLKL.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Shlomovitz I, Zargrian S, Gerlic M
Title
Mechanisms of RIPK3-induced inflammation.
Journal
Related pathway
lav00250 Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
KO pathway
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