Entry Name Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation - Panthera uncia (snow leopard)
Description Immunity to different classes of microorganisms is orchestrated by separate lineages of effector T helper (TH)-cells, which differentiate from naive CD4+ precursor cells in response to cues provided by antigen presenting cells (APC) and include T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2. Th1 cells are characterized by the transcription factor T-bet and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 4, and the production of IFN-gamma. These cells stimulate strong cell-mediated immune responses, particularly against intracellular pathogens. On the other hand, transcription factors like GATA-3 and STAT6 drive the generation of Th2 cells that produce IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 and are necessary for inducing the humoral response to combat parasitic helminths (type 2 immunity) and isotype switching to IgG1 and IgE. The balance between Th1/Th2 subsets determines the susceptibility to disease states, where the improper development of Th2 cells can lead to allergy, while an overactive Th1 response can lead to autoimmunity.
Class Organismal Systems; Immune systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map puc04658 Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation
Ortholog table Other DBs Organism Panthera uncia (snow leopard) [GN:
puc ]
Gene 125929151 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 [KO:K20995 ]
125923549 recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless isoform X1 [KO:K06053 ]
125936553 recombining binding protein suppressor of hairless-like protein [KO:K06053 ]
125911435 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220 ]
125911432 signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 isoform X1 [KO:K11222 ]
125938154 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
125938382 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
125938383 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain [KO:K06752 ]
125938384 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
125938386 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
125938388 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain [KO:K06752 ]
125938395 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
125938398 DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
125938399 DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
125938400 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
125925894 T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06453 ]
125928004 linker for activation of T-cells family member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07362 ]
125923333 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
125932723 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
125914768 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04446 ]
125936041 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
125926570 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A-like [KO:K11223 ]
125926542 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B isoform X1 [KO:K11224 ]
125919963 trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3 isoform X1 [KO:K17895 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Amsen D, Spilianakis CG, Flavell RA
Title How are T(H)1 and T(H)2 effector cells made?
Journal Reference Authors Knosp CA, Johnston JA
Title Regulation of CD4+ T-cell polarization by suppressor of cytokine signalling proteins.
Journal Reference Authors Dong C, Flavell RA
Title Control of T helper cell differentiation--in search of master genes.
Journal Reference Authors O'Garra A, Arai N
Title The molecular basis of T helper 1 and T helper 2 cell differentiation.
Journal Reference Authors Hong CC, Yao S, McCann SE, Dolnick RY, Wallace PK, Gong Z, Quan L, Lee KP, Evans SS, Repasky EA, Edge SB, Ambrosone CB
Title Pretreatment levels of circulating Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and their ratios, are associated with ER-negative and triple negative breast cancers.
Journal Reference Authors Kolls JK
Title CD4(+) T-cell subsets and host defense in the lung.
Journal Reference Authors Zhu J, Paul WE
Title Peripheral CD4+ T-cell differentiation regulated by networks of cytokines and transcription factors.
Journal Reference Authors Wilson CB, Rowell E, Sekimata M
Title Epigenetic control of T-helper-cell differentiation.
Journal Reference Authors Callard RE, Yates AJ
Title Immunology and mathematics: crossing the divide.
Journal Reference Authors Lazarevic V, Glimcher LH, Lord GM
Title T-bet: a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity.
Journal Reference Authors Weigmann B, Neurath MF
Title T-bet and mucosal Th1 responses in the gastrointestinal tract.
Journal Reference Authors Adamson AS, Collins K, Laurence A, O'Shea JJ
Title The Current STATus of lymphocyte signaling: new roles for old players.
Journal Reference Authors Zhu J
Title Transcriptional regulation of Th2 cell differentiation.
Journal Reference Authors Zhu J
Title T helper 2 (Th2) cell differentiation, type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) development and regulation of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 production.
Journal Reference Authors Ho IC, Tai TS, Pai SY
Title GATA3 and the T-cell lineage: essential functions before and after T-helper-2-cell differentiation.
Journal Reference Authors Amsen D, Antov A, Flavell RA
Title The different faces of Notch in T-helper-cell differentiation.
Journal Reference Authors Pahan K, Mondal S
Title Crosstalk between Nitric Oxide and T helper cells.
Journal J Clin Cell Immunol 3:e109 (2012)
Reference Authors Schmidt A, Oberle N, Krammer PH
Title Molecular mechanisms of treg-mediated T cell suppression.
Journal Related puc04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
