Entry
Name
Endocytosis - Panthera pardus (leopard)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Panthera pardus (leopard) [GN:
ppad ]
Gene
109245110 ARFGAP2; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12493 ]
109245394 IGF2R; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor [KO:K06564 ]
109245964 ACAP1; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
109246510 ARAP2; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18440 ]
109246531 VPS37C; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37C [KO:K12185 ]
109247446 WIPF2; WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K19475 ]
109247539 EPS15L1; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
109248208 SMAP1; stromal membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
109248713 PDCD6IP; programmed cell death 6-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K12200 ]
109250175 ARPC5L; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein [KO:K05754 ]
109250407 VPS26B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B [KO:K18466 ]
109251891 RAB11FIP4; rab11 family-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
109252158 PSD2; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
109252207 ARAP3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12490 ]
109252380 AGAP3; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
109252547 VTA1; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog [KO:K12199 ]
109253031 AP2A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1 [KO:K11824 ]
109253414 ARFGAP1; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12492 ]
109254985 CHMP4A; charged multivesicular body protein 4a isoform X1 [KO:K12194 ]
109256385 SH3KBP1; SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12470 ]
109257054 VPS45; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 isoform X1 [KO:K12479 ]
109258392 VPS28; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K12184 ]
109258594 VPS25; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 isoform X1 [KO:K12189 ]
109260278 IQSEC2; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
109262235 PSD3; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
109262318 RAB11FIP1; rab11 family-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
109262802 SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K23605 ]
109262837 RAB11FIP5; rab11 family-interacting protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
109263349 ASAP2; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12488 ]
109264329 RUFY2; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
109264347 VPS26A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A isoform X1 [KO:K18466 ]
109264425 PSD4; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
109264859 AGAP1; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12491 ]
109265527 IL2RB; interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K05069 ]
109265671 ARFGAP3; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12493 ]
109266002 VPS36; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 isoform X1 [KO:K12190 ]
109266572 ACAP2; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
109266727 DNAJC6; putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin isoform X1 [KO:K09526 ]
109266878 ZFYVE9; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
109266890 EPS15; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
109267149 ARAP1; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18439 ]
109269307 ARFGEF1; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18442 ]
109270388 AGAP2; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17848 ]
109270708 VPS4A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A isoform X1 [KO:K12196 ]
109270759 PARD6A; partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha isoform X1 [KO:K06093 ]
109270988 VPS35; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 [KO:K18468 ]
109271174 STAM2; signal transducing adapter molecule 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04705 ]
109271221 TSG101; tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein isoform X1 [KO:K12183 ]
109272064 CAPZA1; F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K10364 ]
109272308 ARFGEF2; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K18442 ]
109272815 GBF1; Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 [KO:K18443 ]
109272819 PSD; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
109272963 RAB11FIP2; rab11 family-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
109273120 ASAP1; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
109273253 WIPF1; WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K19475 ]
109273677 STAM; signal transducing adapter molecule 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04705 ]
109273771 IL2RA; interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05068 ]
109273850 ACAP3; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12489 ]
109274221 CAPZB; F-actin-capping protein subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K10365 ]
109274296 ASAP3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12488 ]
109274334 LDLRAP1; low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12474 ]
109274924 ZFYVE16; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
109275620 VPS4B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B [KO:K12196 ]
109275745 SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
109276228 IQSEC3; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
109276777 HGS; hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate isoform X1 [KO:K12182 ]
109276799 CHMP6; charged multivesicular body protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K12195 ]
109277207 VPS37A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
109277664 VPS29; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29 isoform X1 [KO:K18467 ]
109277667 ARPC3; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05756 ]
109277722 VPS37B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
109278792 BIN1; myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12562 ]
109278958 RUFY1; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sorkin A
Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title
The endocytic matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal
Related pathway
ppad04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
ppad04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
ppad04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway