KEGG   PATHWAY: xla04210
Entry
xla04210                    Pathway                                
Name
Apoptosis - Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
Description
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). The onset of apoptosis is controlled by numerous interrelating processes. The 'extrinsic' pathway involves stimulation of members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor subfamily, such as TNFRI, CD95/Fas or TRAILR (death receptors), located at the cell surface, by their specific ligands, such as TNF-alpha, FasL or TRAIL, respectively. The 'intrinsic' pathway is activated mainly by non-receptor stimuli, such as DNA damage, ER stress, metabolic stress, UV radiation or growth-factor deprivation. The central event in the 'intrinsic' pathway is the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which leads to the release of cytochrome c. These two pathways converge at the level of effector caspases, such as caspase-3 and caspase-7. The third major pathway is initiated by the constituents of cytotoxic granules (e.g. Perforin and Granzyme B) that are released by CTLs (cytotoxic T-cells) and NK (natural killer) cells. Granzyme B, similarly to the caspases, cleaves its substrates after aspartic acid residues, suggesting that this protease has the ability to activate members of the caspase family directly. It is the balance between the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals that eventually determines whether cells will undergo apoptosis, survive or proliferate. TNF family of ligands activates anti-apoptotic or cell-survival signals as well as apoptotic signals. NGF and Interleukin-3 promotes the survival, proliferation and differentiation of neurons or hematopoietic cells, respectively. Withdrawal of these growth factors leads to cell death, as described above.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
Pathway map
xla04210  Apoptosis
xla04210

Other DBs
GO: 0006915
Organism
Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) [GN:xla]
Gene
100316914  tnfsf10.S; TNF superfamily member 10 S homeolog [KO:K04721]
108717006  tnfsf10.L; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 [KO:K04721]
404688  tnfrsf10b.L; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10b L homeolog precursor [KO:K04722]
100192357  faslg.L; Fas ligand L homeolog [KO:K04389]
108715004  faslg.S; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
108697171  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390]
108696050  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390]
496403  fadd.S; Fas associated via death domain S homeolog [KO:K02373]
108713779  fadd.L; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
100137625  tnf.L; tumor necrosis factor L homeolog [KO:K03156]
108700235  tnf.S; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
100137626  tnfrsf1a.S; TNF receptor superfamily member 1A S homeolog precursor [KO:K03158]
108696066  tnfrsf1a.L; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
733418  tradd.L; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171]
108701437  cflar.L; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X2 [KO:K04724]
780745  cflar.S; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
373559  casp8.L; caspase 8 L homeolog [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
397820  casp10.S; caspase 10 S homeolog [KO:K04400] [EC:3.4.22.63]
398762  casp10.L; caspase 10 L homeolog [KO:K04400] [EC:3.4.22.63]
397818  casp6.L; caspase-6 isoform X1 [KO:K04396] [EC:3.4.22.59]
397720  casp3.2.S; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
100036910  casp3.2.L; uncharacterized protein LOC100036910 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
100037079  casp7.S; caspase 7 S homeolog [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
397819  casp7.L; caspase 7 L homeolog [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
108712725  caspase-7-like [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
108711587  XB5812047.L; caspase-7 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
724076  bid.S; BH3 interacting domain death agonist S homeolog [KO:K04726]
108704383  bid.L; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X1 [KO:K04726]
373637  bax.S; BCL2-associated X protein L homeolog [KO:K02159]
108696744  bax.L; apoptosis regulator BAX-like [KO:K02159]
734644  bak1.S; BCL2 antagonist/killer 1 S homeolog [KO:K14021]
100049147  diablo.L; diablo homolog, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K10522]
108705716  diablo.S; diablo homolog, mitochondrial [KO:K10522]
108707995  septin-5 isoform X1 [KO:K16943]
108706463  htra2.S; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
444530  cycs.S; cytochrome c, testis-specific [KO:K08738]
443888  cyct.S; cytochrome c, somatic A [KO:K08738]
414705  cyct.L; cytochrome c, somatic B [KO:K08738]
108718882  cycs.L; cytochrome c, testis-specific [KO:K08738]
444261  apaf1.L; apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 L homeolog [KO:K02084]
373560  casp9.S; caspase 9 S homeolog [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
495232  prf1.L; perforin 1 L homeolog precursor [KO:K07818]
108703862  perforin-1 [KO:K07818]
108703863  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: perforin-1 [KO:K07818]
108703864  perforin-1 [KO:K07818]
108703865  perforin-1 [KO:K07818]
108703866  perforin-1 [KO:K07818]
108703893  perforin-1 [KO:K07818]
108704981  mast cell protease 1A [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
379210  tuba5.S; tubulin alpha 5 S homeolog [KO:K07374]
493577  tuba4b.L; tubulin alpha 4b L homeolog [KO:K07374]
397931  tubal3.1.L; tubulin alpha like 3, gene 1 L homeolog [KO:K07374]
431994  tubal3.1.S; tubulin alpha like 3, gene 1 S homeolog [KO:K07374]
496021  tuba1l.S; tubulin alpha 1 like S homeolog [KO:K07374]
379748  tuba1cl.3.L; tubulin alpha chain 1c like, L homeolog [KO:K07374]
380482  tuba1c.S; tubulin alpha 1c S homeolog [KO:K07374]
779368  tuba8.L; tubulin alpha 8 L homeolog [KO:K07374]
108711234  tubal3.2.L; tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
733413  tuba1al.L; tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
108701830  tuba1cl.2.L; tubulin alpha-1A chain isoform X2 [KO:K07374]
108702924  tuba4b.S; tubulin alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
108702925  tuba1cl.2.S; tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
108702929  tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
108702930  tuba1cl.3.S; tubulin alpha-1A chain isoform X2 [KO:K07374]
100337592  tuba1c.L; tubulin alpha 1c L homeolog [KO:K07374]
100036943  tuba8.S; tubulin alpha 8 S homeolog [KO:K07374]
108708550  tuba1b.L; tubulin alpha chain [KO:K07374]
108708551  tuba1a.L; tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
108709821  tuba1b.S; tubulin alpha chain [KO:K07374]
108709822  tuba1a.S; tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
108708119  tuba5.L; tubulin alpha-1 chain [KO:K07374]
121397893  tubulin alpha-1D chain-like [KO:K07374]
100192362  mcl1.L; MCL1, BCL2 family apoptosis regulator L homeolog [KO:K02539]
108700339  mcl1.S; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 homolog [KO:K02539]
100337595  actg1.S; actin, cytoplasmic type 5 [KO:K05692]
734918  actg1.L; actin, cytoplasmic type 8 [KO:K05692]
108703086  actb.S; actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
398459  actb.L; actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
373724  sptan1.S; spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06114]
373718  sptan1.L; spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06114]
373673  lmna.L; lamin-A [KO:K12641]
108700617  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lamin-A-like [KO:K12641]
379745  lmnb1.L; lamin B1 L homeolog [KO:K07611]
394291  lmnb2.S; lamin B2 S homeolog [KO:K07611]
397910  lmnb3.L; lamin-L(III) [KO:K07611]
397911  lmnb1.S; lamin-L(I) [KO:K07611]
397912  lmnb2.L; lamin-L(II) [KO:K07611]
734958  lmnb3.S; lamin-L(III) [KO:K07611]
397928  parp1.L; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 [KO:K24070] [EC:2.4.2.30]
446370  parp2.S; poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 S homeolog [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
496154  parp3.L; poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 3 L homeolog [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
108715186  parp2.L; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
108708726  protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP4 isoform X1 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
108708727  protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP4 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
108708728  parp4.1.L; protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP4 isoform X1 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
108709018  protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP4 isoform X1 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
108696357  dffa.L; DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02310]
108697677  dffb.S; DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta [KO:K02311] [EC:3.-.-.-]
495982  endog.L; endonuclease G, mitochondrial [KO:K01173]
108698277  aifm1.L; apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K04727] [EC:1.-.-.-]
444075  ern2.S; endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 2 S homeolog precursor [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
108701627  ern2.L; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
108702862  ern1.S; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
108701211  ern1.L; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
431974  traf2.S; TNF receptor associated factor 2 S homeolog [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
108698135  traf2.L; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
399254  itpr1.S; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 S homeolog [KO:K04958]
108714625  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X6 [KO:K04958]
108710178  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
108709441  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
398288  capn11.S; calpain 11, (mu/I) large subunit a S homeolog [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
447208  capn1.S; calpain-1 catalytic subunit [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
398772  capn11.L; calpain 11, (mu/I) large subunit a L homeolog [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
380177  capn1.L; calpain 1, (mu/I) large subunit L homeolog [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
399075  capn2.L; calpain 2 L homeolog [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
108717697  capn2.S; calpain-2 catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
100127267  XB5844015.L; calpain-2 catalytic subunit [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
108716477  capn8.5.L; calpain-2 catalytic subunit [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
108697591  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
403386  eif2ak3.S; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
380444  eif2s1.S; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
108699292  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 isoform X3 [KO:K03237]
108699293  eif2s1.L; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 isoform X2 [KO:K03237]
398804  atf4.L; activating transcription factor 4 L homeolog [KO:K04374]
734165  atf4.S; activating transcription factor 4 S homeolog [KO:K04374]
398615  ddit3.L; DNA damage inducible transcript 3 L homeolog [KO:K04452]
108709861  ddit3.S; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
380102  ctsb.L; uncharacterized protein LOC380102 precursor [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
379257  ctsb.S; cathepsin B precursor [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
380203  ctsc.L; cathepsin C L homeolog precursor [KO:K01275] [EC:3.4.14.1]
108710023  ctsc.S; dipeptidyl peptidase 1 [KO:K01275] [EC:3.4.14.1]
443721  ctsd.S; cathepsin D precursor [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
443829  MGC82347 protein precursor [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
398994  napsa.L; napsin A aspartic peptidase L homeolog precursor [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108713957  ctsf.L; cathepsin F [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
100127265  ctsk.L; cathepsin K L homeolog precursor [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
108700337  cathepsin K [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
108699348  cathepsin K [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
108699349  cathepsin K [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
447313  ctsv.L; cathepsin L2 precursor [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
444163  ctsl.L; cathepsin L L homeolog [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
108711337  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ervatamin-C-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
113939961  cathepsin L-like precursor [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
108699249  ctso.L; cathepsin O isoform X1 [KO:K01374] [EC:3.4.22.42]
380516  ctss.L; cathepsin S precursor [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
446505  ctss.S; cathepsin S [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
398927  cathepsin S [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
108699062  cathepsin S [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
108699063  procathepsin L [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
443661  XB5914295.S; cathepsin S isoform X1 [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
108700331  cathepsin S [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
108700332  cathepsin S [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
108700335  cathepsin S [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
108700336  cathepsin S [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
108699333  procathepsin L [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
108699334  cathepsin S [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
443722  cathepsin S [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
108699410  cathepsin S [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
100036949  ctsh.L; cathepsin H [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
108705472  cathepsin W [KO:K08569] [EC:3.4.22.-]
108705476  ctsw.L; cathepsin W [KO:K08569] [EC:3.4.22.-]
432187  ctsz.L; uncharacterized protein LOC432187 precursor [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
494800  ctsz.S; cathepsin Z precursor [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
100036859  birc2.S; uncharacterized protein LOC100036859 [KO:K16060]
446568  birc2.L; baculoviral IAP repeat containing 2 L homeolog [KO:K16060]
733235  xiap.L; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP [KO:K04725] [EC:2.3.2.27]
394382  birc5.S; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5.1-A [KO:K08731]
735055  birc5l.S; baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5 like S homeolog [KO:K08731]
398454  birc5l.L; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5.2-B [KO:K08731]
398418  birc5.L; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5.1-B [KO:K08731]
734810  bcl2l11.L; BCL2 like 11 L homeolog [KO:K16341]
108717788  bcl2l11.S; bcl-2-like protein 11 [KO:K16341]
398251  bcl2l1.S; apoptosis regulator R11 [KO:K04570]
108700971  apoptosis regulator R11-like [KO:K04570]
100271914  bcl2.S; B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 S homeolog [KO:K02161]
108719105  bcl2.L; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
446279  daxx.L; death-associated protein 6 L homeolog [KO:K02308]
734234  ripk1.L; receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 L homeolog [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108720077  ripk1.S; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108699920  disabled homolog 2-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K19901]
108698203  disabled homolog 2-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K19901]
108717885  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
379876  mapk8.L; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108704101  mapk10.S; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
398499  mapk8.S; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8-like isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108711504  mapk10.L; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 L homeolog isoform 1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108715151  bcl2-associated agonist of cell death-like isoform X2 [KO:K02158]
108713905  bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
379050  jun.S; jun proto-oncogene S homeolog [KO:K04448]
399400  jun.L; jun proto-oncogene L homeolog [KO:K04448]
108700666  transcription factor AP-1-like [KO:K04448]
447201  fos.S; FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog S homeolog [KO:K04379]
108698676  fos.L; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
397926  tp53.L; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
108703451  tp53.S; cellular tumor antigen p53-like [KO:K04451]
108700848  map3k14.L; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
108702551  map3k14.S; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
444556  chuk.S; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
432200  ikbkb.L; inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta L homeolog [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
735069  ikbkg.L; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit gamma L homeolog [KO:K07210]
446833  nfkbia.L; NFKB inhibitor alpha L homeolog [KO:K04734]
734297  nfkbia.S; uncharacterized protein LOC734297 [KO:K04734]
447632  nfkb1.L; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 L homeolog [KO:K02580]
108706736  nfkb1.S; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit [KO:K02580]
394353  rela.L; putative transcription factor p65 homolog [KO:K04735]
108715128  rela.S; putative transcription factor p65 homolog [KO:K04735]
443565  ptpn13.L; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 isoform X1 [KO:K02374]
379224  gadd45a.S; growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha S homeolog [KO:K04402]
399196  gadd45g.L; growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gamma L homeolog [KO:K04402]
379285  gadd45g.S; uncharacterized protein LOC379285 [KO:K04402]
101027271  gadd45b.S; growth arrest and DNA damage inducible beta S homeolog [KO:K04402]
108714209  gadd45a.L; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04402]
108712402  gadd45b.L; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
108699917  TNF receptor-associated factor 1 [KO:K03172]
108698201  TNF receptor-associated factor 1 [KO:K03172]
398148  atm.L; ATM serine/threonine kinase L homeolog [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108713866  pidd1.L; p53-induced death domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10130]
397817  casp2.L; caspase 2 L homeolog [KO:K02186] [EC:3.4.22.55]
108697326  caspase-2 [KO:K02186] [EC:3.4.22.55]
108708058  ngf.L; nerve growth factor-like [KO:K02582]
108709389  ngf.S; nerve growth factor isoform X2 [KO:K02582]
108700358  ntrk1.S; high affinity nerve growth factor receptor [KO:K03176] [EC:2.7.10.1]
108699388  ntrk1.L; high affinity nerve growth factor receptor [KO:K03176] [EC:2.7.10.1]
495479  csf2rb.S; colony stimulating factor 2 receptor beta common subunit S homeolog precursor [KO:K04738]
108714562  csf2rb.L; cytokine receptor common subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04738]
108711691  cytokine receptor common subunit beta [KO:K04738]
373752  pik3ca.L; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108717120  pik3cb.L; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108718090  pik3ca.S; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108718190  pik3cb.S; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
447594  pik3r3.L; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 L homeolog [KO:K02649]
443964  pik3r1.L; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 L homeolog [KO:K02649]
399202  pik3r1.S; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649]
446786  pik3r3.S; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 S homeolog [KO:K02649]
108713027  pik3r2.L; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
108706884  pik3r2.S; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
444529  pdpk1.L; 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1 L homeolog [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108703133  pdpk1.S; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
432172  akt2.S; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase B [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
379783  akt2.L; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase A [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
399170  akt1.S; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108698803  RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
399406  hras.L; Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog L homeolog [KO:K02833]
397771  kras.L; kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog L homeolog [KO:K07827]
100505423  uncharacterized protein LOC100505423 [KO:K07827]
108712520  krasl.S; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
108697792  kras.S; GTPase HRas [KO:K07827]
399446  nras.L; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
397857  raf1.S; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108704012  raf1.L; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
379991  map2k1.L; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
108712802  map2k1.S; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1-like [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
398985  mapk1.S; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
397785  mapk1.L; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00319  Sphingosine
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
  Authors
Savitskaya MA, Onishchenko GE
  Title
Mechanisms of Apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 80:1393-417 (2015)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297915110012
Reference
  Authors
Schleich K, Lavrik IN
  Title
Mathematical modeling of apoptosis.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 11:44 (2013)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-11-44
Reference
  Authors
Lavrik I, Golks A, Krammer PH
  Title
Death receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 118:265-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.01610
Reference
  Authors
Jin Z, El-Deiry WS
  Title
Overview of cell death signaling pathways.
  Journal
Cancer Biol Ther 4:139-63 (2005)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.4.2.1508
Reference
  Authors
Benn SC, Woolf CJ
  Title
Adult neuron survival strategies--slamming on the brakes.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 5:686-700 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1477
Reference
  Authors
Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B, Nicotera P
  Title
Regulation of cell death: the calcium-apoptosis link.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:552-65 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1150
Reference
  Authors
Clarke P, Tyler KL
  Title
Apoptosis in animal models of virus-induced disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 7:144-55 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2071
Reference
  Authors
Wen X, Lin ZQ, Liu B, Wei YQ
  Title
Caspase-mediated programmed cell death pathways as potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
  Journal
Cell Prolif 45:217-24 (2012)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00814.x
Reference
  Authors
Shalini S, Dorstyn L, Dawar S, Kumar S
  Title
Old, new and emerging functions of caspases.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 22:526-39 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.216
Reference
  Authors
Philchenkov A
  Title
Caspases: potential targets for regulating cell death.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 8:432-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2004.tb00468.x
Reference
PMID:9894605
  Authors
Stroh C, Schulze-Osthoff K
  Title
Death by a thousand cuts: an ever increasing list of caspase substrates.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 5:997-1000 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400451
Reference
  Authors
Safa AR
  Title
c-FLIP, a master anti-apoptotic regulator.
  Journal
Exp Oncol 34:176-84 (2012)
Reference
  Authors
Jeong SY, Seol DW
  Title
The role of mitochondria in apoptosis.
  Journal
BMB Rep 41:11-22 (2008)
DOI:10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.1.011
Reference
  Authors
Parsons MJ, Green DR
  Title
Mitochondria in cell death.
  Journal
Essays Biochem 47:99-114 (2010)
DOI:10.1042/bse0470099
Reference
  Authors
Strasser A
  Title
The role of BH3-only proteins in the immune system.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 5:189-200 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nri1568
Reference
  Authors
Schonthal AH
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress: its role in disease and novel prospects for therapy.
  Journal
Scientifica (Cairo) 2012:857516 (2012)
DOI:10.6064/2012/857516
Reference
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 54:795-809 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.005
Reference
  Authors
Malhotra JD, Kaufman RJ
  Title
The endoplasmic reticulum and the unfolded protein response.
  Journal
Semin Cell Dev Biol 18:716-31 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.09.003
Reference
  Authors
Wu J, Kaufman RJ
  Title
From acute ER stress to physiological roles of the Unfolded Protein Response.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 13:374-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401840
Reference
  Authors
Repnik U, Stoka V, Turk V, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomes and lysosomal cathepsins in cell death.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1824:22-33 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.08.016
Reference
  Authors
Cesen MH, Pegan K, Spes A, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomal pathways to cell death and their therapeutic applications.
  Journal
Exp Cell Res 318:1245-51 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.03.005
Reference
  Authors
Dashzeveg N, Yoshida K
  Title
Cell death decision by p53 via control of the mitochondrial membrane.
  Journal
Cancer Lett 367:108-12 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.019
Reference
  Authors
Bouchier-Hayes L, Green DR
  Title
Caspase-2: the orphan caspase.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 19:51-7 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2011.157
Reference
  Authors
Baptiste-Okoh N, Barsotti AM, Prives C
  Title
A role for caspase 2 and PIDD in the process of p53-mediated apoptosis.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:1937-42 (2008)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0711800105
Reference
  Authors
Aggarwal BB
  Title
Signalling pathways of the TNF superfamily: a double-edged sword.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 3:745-56 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nri1184
Reference
  Authors
Steelman LS, Pohnert SC, Shelton JG, Franklin RA, Bertrand FE, McCubrey JA.
  Title
JAK/STAT, Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and BCR-ABL in cell cycle progression and leukemogenesis.
  Journal
Leukemia 18:189-218 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/sj.leu.2403241
Reference
PMID:9916983
  Authors
Dragovich T, Rudin CM, Thompson CB
  Title
Signal transduction pathways that regulate cell survival and cell death.
  Journal
Oncogene 17:3207-13 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1202587
Reference
  Authors
Sofroniew MV, Howe CL, Mobley WC
  Title
Nerve growth factor signaling, neuroprotection, and neural repair.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 24:1217-81 (2001)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1217
Reference
  Authors
Kristiansen M, Ham J
  Title
Programmed cell death during neuronal development: the sympathetic neuron model.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 21:1025-35 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.47
Reference
  Authors
Logue SE, Martin SJ
  Title
Caspase activation cascades in apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochem Soc Trans 36:1-9 (2008)
DOI:10.1042/BST0360001
Reference
  Authors
Boivin WA, Cooper DM, Hiebert PR, Granville DJ
  Title
Intracellular versus extracellular granzyme B in immunity and disease: challenging the dogma.
  Journal
Lab Invest 89:1195-220 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/labinvest.2009.91
Reference
  Authors
Cullen SP, Brunet M, Martin SJ
  Title
Granzymes in cancer and immunity.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 17:616-23 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2009.206
Related
pathway
xla04010  MAPK signaling pathway
xla04020  Calcium signaling pathway
xla04115  p53 signaling pathway
xla04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
KO pathway
ko04210   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system