Entry
Name
Endocytosis - Lepisosteus oculatus (spotted gar)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Lepisosteus oculatus (spotted gar) [GN:
loc ]
Gene
102683849 ehd2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: EH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12469 ]
102699035 zfyve9; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 isoform X2 [KO:K04679 ]
102685430 zfyve16; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 isoform X1 [KO:K04679 ]
102689511 smad2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
102692333 smad3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X5 [KO:K23605 ]
102696011 eps15l1; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
102696159 low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1-like isoform X2 [KO:K12474 ]
102683588 ldlrap1; low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12474 ]
102690945 wasl; neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein isoform X1 [KO:K23612 ]
102689021 arpc5l; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein [KO:K05754 ]
102697698 dnajc6; putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin isoform X1 [KO:K09526 ]
102694904 vps29; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29 isoform X1 [KO:K18467 ]
102687549 vps26a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A [KO:K18466 ]
102696808 vps26b; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B [KO:K18466 ]
102682673 vps35; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 [KO:K18468 ]
102686768 hgs; hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate isoform X1 [KO:K12182 ]
102689681 stam2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: signal transducing adapter molecule 2 [KO:K04705 ]
102690415 stam; signal transducing adapter molecule 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04705 ]
102697590 tsg101; tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein isoform X1 [KO:K12183 ]
102682925 vps28; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog [KO:K12184 ]
102694602 vps37a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A [KO:K12185 ]
102691767 vps37b; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B [KO:K12185 ]
102684888 vps37d; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37D isoform X1 [KO:K12185 ]
102690818 vps37c; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37C [KO:K12185 ]
102684706 vps36; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 [KO:K12190 ]
102696340 vps25; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 [KO:K12189 ]
102690575 chmp7; charged multivesicular body protein 7 isoform X1 [KO:K15053 ]
102691710 vps4a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A [KO:K12196 ]
102685335 vps4b; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B isoform X3 [KO:K12196 ]
102688214 vta1; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K12199 ]
102682182 pdcd6ip; programmed cell death 6-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K12200 ]
102690853 igf2r; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor [KO:K06564 ]
102688112 il2rb; interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K05069 ]
102693928 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102687323 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
102685084 rabep1; rab GTPase-binding effector protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12480 ]
102696180 rufy2; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K12482 ]
102693466 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: EH domain-containing protein 1-like [KO:K12483 ]
102692172 vps45; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 [KO:K12479 ]
102689300 rab11fip1; rab11 family-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
102682903 rab11fip2; rab11 family-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
102688710 rab11fip5; rab11 family-interacting protein 5 isoform X3 [KO:K12484 ]
102685816 rab11fip4; rab11 family-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12485 ]
102687188 pard6a; partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha isoform X1 [KO:K06093 ]
102683416 cdc42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X2 [KO:K04393 ]
102689548 smap1; stromal membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
102682839 smap2; stromal membrane-associated protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12486 ]
102689015 arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
102698930 asap2; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12488 ]
102686612 arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1-like [KO:K12488 ]
102692285 asap1; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12488 ]
102684113 arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
102692232 arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2-like [KO:K12489 ]
102696927 acap2; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K12489 ]
102694186 arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
102690463 arap1; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18439 ]
102683250 arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K18439 ]
102692407 arap3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12490 ]
102698967 agap1; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X7 [KO:K12491 ]
102682579 arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3-like isoform X2 [KO:K12491 ]
102686736 agap2; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K17848 ]
102687302 arfgap1; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12492 ]
102687899 arfgap3; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 [KO:K12493 ]
102691775 arfgap2; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K12493 ]
102694728 PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
102693302 iqsec3; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
102693611 iqsec1; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K12495 ]
102688328 arfgef2; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 [KO:K18442 ]
102690273 arfgef1; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 [KO:K18442 ]
102691198 gbf1; Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18443 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sorkin A
Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title
The endocytic matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal
Related pathway
loc04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
loc04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
loc04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway
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