Entry
Name
Autophagy - animal - Rhinopithecus bieti (black snub-nosed monkey)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Rhinopithecus bieti (black snub-nosed monkey) [GN:
rbb ]
Gene
108512347 DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402 ]
108512512 MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435 ]
108513559 TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650 ]
108513780 GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797 ]
108514304 GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein isoform X1 [KO:K08341 ]
108515057 WDFY3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K22262 ]
108516482 CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21348 ]
108516574 SUPT20H; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245 ]
108516620 SMCR8; Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosomal region candidate gene 8 protein [KO:K23611 ]
108518653 PPP2CB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
108518882 EIF2AK3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
108519040 EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883 ]
108519131 ATG2B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906 ]
108519505 ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 isoform X1 [KO:K08343 ]
108520768 MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435 ]
108522825 LAMP2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 [KO:K06528 ]
108523042 WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908 ]
108524421 RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330 ]
108524822 HMGB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802 ]
108526570 VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184 ]
108526927 RB1CC1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589 ]
108527393 UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249 ]
108527415 GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341 ]
108528636 VPS11; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179 ]
108528709 ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342 ] [EC:3.4.22.-]
108528737 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
108529557 PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
108529993 VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20180 ]
108530419 WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908 ]
108530670 ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889 ]
108532119 CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724 ]
108532628 RRAGD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186 ]
108532903 ATG4C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342 ] [EC:3.4.22.-]
108532960 PIK3CA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
108533712 EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237 ]
108533773 MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435 ]
108533791 TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247 ]
108534071 WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991 ]
108534205 UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 isoform X1 [KO:K02927 ]
108534276 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
108535636 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
108536212 ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603 ]
108539355 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
108539571 WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22991 ]
108539978 ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X1 [KO:K08342 ] [EC:3.4.22.-]
108540013 ATG12; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336 ]
108541034 VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A isoform X1 [KO:K20182 ]
108541175 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
108541574 IRS4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446 ]
108542138 GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341 ]
108542734 BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X1 [KO:K02158 ]
108543000 ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906 ]
108543388 BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464 ]
108544354 VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181 ]
108544440 HIF1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268 ]
108544591 PIK3CB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
Compound
C00350 Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Deretic V.
Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
Journal
Reference
Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
Journal
Related pathway
rbb04141 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
KO pathway