KEGG   PATHWAY: bta04724
Entry
bta04724                    Pathway                                
Name
Glutamatergic synapse - Bos taurus (cow)
Description
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
bta04724  Glutamatergic synapse
bta04724

Other DBs
GO: 0051966
Organism
Bos taurus (cow) [GN:bta]
Gene
527491  SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 1 [KO:K14990]
338044  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 2 [KO:K14207]
525335  GLS; glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
539561  GLS2; glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
100125225  SLC17A6; vesicular glutamate transporter 2 [KO:K12302]
529659  SLC17A8; vesicular glutamate transporter 3 [KO:K12302]
518849  SLC17A7; vesicular glutamate transporter 1 [KO:K12302]
533760  GRIK1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 [KO:K05201]
615226  GRIK2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 [KO:K05202]
532553  GRIK3; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3 precursor [KO:K05203]
526363  GRIK4; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4 precursor [KO:K05204]
537698  GRIK5; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 [KO:K05205]
529618  GRIA1; glutamate receptor 1 precursor [KO:K05197]
614283  GRIA2; glutamate receptor 2 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K05198]
534626  GRIA3; glutamate receptor 3 precursor [KO:K05199]
529904  GRIA4; glutamate receptor 4 precursor [KO:K05200]
100336579  GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208]
524212  GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A [KO:K05209]
537804  GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B precursor [KO:K05210]
535158  GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C precursor [KO:K05211]
618181  GRIN2D; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D [KO:K05212]
100295209  GRIN3A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A precursor [KO:K05213]
616000  GRIN3B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B [KO:K05214]
286852  PPP3CA; protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
533527  PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
790867  PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
282321  PPP3R1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 [KO:K06268]
617585  PPP3R2; calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268]
100137840  DLG4; disks large homolog 4 [KO:K11828]
526435  DLGAP1; disks large-associated protein 1 [KO:K15008]
512428  SHANK3; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3 [KO:K15009]
518970  SHANK1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 1 [KO:K15009]
618649  SHANK2; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15009]
512397  LZTS3; leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 3 [KO:K26472]
282100  TRPC1; short transient receptor potential channel 1 [KO:K04964]
540485  GRM1; metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 [KO:K04603]
100336861  GRM5; metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04604]
510811  HOMER2; homer protein homolog 2 [KO:K15010]
535311  HOMER1; homer protein homolog 1 [KO:K15010]
508124  HOMER3; homer protein homolog 3 [KO:K15010]
536654  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
287026  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
281985  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
515669  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
508888  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
282001  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
282325  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
282002  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
317697  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
281878  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
281879  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
526364  PLA2G4E; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
505485  PLA2G4B; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
522866  PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
531209  PLA2G4D; cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
525072  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
522159  PLD2; phospholipase D2 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
514554  PLD1; phospholipase D1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
327672  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
531391  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
281793  GNAS; SCG6 (secretogranin VI) isoform SCG6 precursor [KO:K04632]
281601  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
510708  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
535603  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
788151  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
505740  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
509936  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
281603  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
535017  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
525482  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
282322  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
282323  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
519904  GRM2; metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 precursor [KO:K04605]
541056  GRM3; metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 precursor [KO:K04606]
790333  GRM4; metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04607]
529656  GRM6; metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 [KO:K04608]
535362  GRM7; metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 precursor [KO:K04609]
538360  GRM8; metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 [KO:K04610]
281790  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
281791  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
539521  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
281792  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha [KO:K04534]
281201  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
281202  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
513340  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
525962  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
535365  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
281203  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
281204  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
100125276  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
287018  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
104968964  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
618399  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
618470  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
613930  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
511812  GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546]
286850  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
529425  GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
517006  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
281796  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
281797  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
282136  GRK3; beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 2 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
282682  GRK2; beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
526088  KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 [KO:K04997]
282648  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344]
541119  SLC1A2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform X2 [KO:K05613]
523673  SLC1A7; excitatory amino acid transporter 5 [KO:K05618]
282353  SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
538673  SLC1A6; excitatory amino acid transporter 4 [KO:K05617]
408015  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850]
408013  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851]
282354  SLC1A3; excitatory amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K05614]
281199  GLUL; glutamine synthetase [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
326576  SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K13576]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
Reference
PMID:20055706
  Authors
Niswender CM, Conn PJ
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
  Journal
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 50:295-322 (2010)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.011008.145533
Reference
PMID:19112153
  Authors
Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
  Journal
Pharmacol Rev 60:536-81 (2008)
DOI:10.1124/pr.108.000166
Reference
PMID:11672421
  Authors
Hermans E, Challiss RA
  Title
Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
  Journal
Biochem J 359:465-84 (2001)
DOI:10.1042/bj3590465
Reference
PMID:17663464
  Authors
Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Neurosci Res 86:1-10 (2008)
DOI:10.1002/jnr.21437
Reference
PMID:14684436
  Authors
Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
  Title
Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1003:75-93 (2003)
DOI:10.1196/annals.1300.005
Reference
PMID:18425072
  Authors
Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
  Title
Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 7:426-37 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrd2462
Reference
PMID:17706608
  Authors
Gass JT, Olive MF
  Title
Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 75:218-65 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.039
Reference
PMID:9665875
  Authors
Palmada M, Centelles JJ
  Title
Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
  Journal
Front Biosci 3:d701-18 (1998)
DOI:10.2741/a314
Reference
PMID:11561058
  Authors
Schoepp DD
  Title
Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference
PMID:19559598
  Authors
de Jong AP, Verhage M
  Title
Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 19:245-53 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2009.06.005
Reference
PMID:18464791
  Authors
Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
  Title
Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:423-36 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2379
Reference
PMID:19110202
  Authors
Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
  Journal
Neurotherapeutics 6:94-107 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.nurt.2008.10.038
Reference
PMID:10481192
  Authors
Conti F, Weinberg RJ
  Title
Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 22:451-8 (1999)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(99)01445-9
Reference
PMID:12399578
  Authors
Sheng M, Kim MJ
  Title
Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
  Journal
Science 298:776-80 (2002)
DOI:10.1126/science.1075333
Related
pathway
bta00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
bta04020  Calcium signaling pathway
bta04720  Long-term potentiation
bta04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
bta04730  Long-term depression
KO pathway
ko04724   
LinkDB

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