KEGG   PATHWAY: mlx04110
Entry
mlx04110                    Pathway                                
Name
Cell cycle - Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal)
Description
Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory enzymes, each consisting of a catalytic CDK subunit and an activating cyclin subunit. CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. Downstream targets of CDKs include transcription factor E2F and its regulator Rb. Precise activation and inactivation of CDKs at specific points in the cell cycle are required for orderly cell division. Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated.
 Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. In response to DNA damage, the checkpoint kinase ATM phosphorylates and activates Chk2, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates p53 tumor suppressor protein. p53 and its transcriptional targets play an important role in both G1 and G2 checkpoints. ATR-Chk1-mediated protein degradation of Cdc25A protein phosphatase is also a mechanism conferring intra-S-phase checkpoint activation.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
Pathway map
mlx04110  Cell cycle
mlx04110

Other DBs
GO: 0000278
Organism
Mirounga leonina (Southern elephant seal) [GN:mlx]
Gene
118016166  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
118025766  CCND2; G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 [KO:K10151]
118001139  CCND3; G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 [KO:K10152]
118008659  CDK4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
118020759  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
118009434  RB1; retinoblastoma-associated protein [KO:K06618]
118011456  RBL1; retinoblastoma-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04681]
118023785  RBL2; retinoblastoma-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K16332]
118017579  ABL1; tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 isoform X1 [KO:K06619] [EC:2.7.10.2]
118014995  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: histone deacetylase 1-like [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
118000550  HDAC2; histone deacetylase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
118019746  HDAC1; histone deacetylase 1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
118011049  E2F1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcription factor E2F1 [KO:K17454]
118019895  E2F2; transcription factor E2F2 isoform X1 [KO:K09389]
117997457  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 isoform X1 [KO:K06620]
118014975  E2F5; transcription factor E2F5 isoform X1 [KO:K04682]
118023685  E2F4; transcription factor E2F4 isoform X1 [KO:K04682]
118009212  TFDP1; transcription factor Dp-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04683]
118004631  TFDP2; transcription factor Dp-2 isoform X1 [KO:K09392]
118007057  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
118022632  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13375]
118014087  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13376]
118002625  TGFB3; transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein [KO:K13377]
118004611  SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500]
118003430  SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K23605]
118004627  SMAD4; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04501]
118015212  MYC; myc proto-oncogene protein [KO:K04377]
118019968  ZBTB17; zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 17 isoform X1 [KO:K10500]
118018235  cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A-like isoform X1 [KO:K06621]
118018063  cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B isoform X1 [KO:K04685]
118019429  CDKN2C; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor C [KO:K06622]
118005350  CDKN2D; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor D [KO:K06623]
118025649  CDKN1B; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B [KO:K06624]
118016180  CDKN1C; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C [KO:K09993]
118000822  CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625]
118015032  CCNE2; G1/S-specific cyclin-E2 [KO:K06626]
118022752  CCNE1; G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 [KO:K06626]
118008734  CDK2; cyclin-dependent kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02206] [EC:2.7.11.22]
118016639  SKP1; S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 [KO:K03094]
118021218  CUL1; cullin-1 [KO:K03347]
117998640  RBX1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RBX1 isoform X1 [KO:K03868] [EC:2.3.2.32]
118006346  S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 [KO:K03875]
118006475  S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 [KO:K03875]
118022359  CCNA2; cyclin-A2 isoform X1 [KO:K06627]
118009187  CCNA1; cyclin-A1 [KO:K06627]
118026164  cyclin-A2 isoform X1 [KO:K06627]
118026166  cyclin-A2 isoform X1 [KO:K06627]
118026996  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclin-A1-like [KO:K06627]
118024861  CDC6; cell division control protein 6 homolog [KO:K02213]
118023399  CDT1; DNA replication factor Cdt1 [KO:K10727]
118019408  ORC1; origin recognition complex subunit 1 [KO:K02603]
118012158  ORC2; origin recognition complex subunit 2 [KO:K02604]
118001276  ORC3; origin recognition complex subunit 3 isoform X1 [KO:K02605]
118012467  ORC4; origin recognition complex subunit 4 [KO:K02606]
118020649  ORC5; origin recognition complex subunit 5 [KO:K02607]
118023828  ORC6; origin recognition complex subunit 6 [KO:K02608]
118005166  MCM2; DNA replication licensing factor MCM2 [KO:K02540] [EC:5.6.2.3]
118001205  MCM3; DNA replication licensing factor MCM3 [KO:K02541] [EC:5.6.2.3]
118014800  MCM4; DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 isoform X1 [KO:K02212] [EC:5.6.2.3]
117998750  MCM5; DNA replication licensing factor MCM5 [KO:K02209] [EC:5.6.2.3]
118012498  MCM6; DNA replication licensing factor MCM6 [KO:K02542] [EC:5.6.2.3]
117999391  MCM7; DNA replication licensing factor MCM7 isoform X1 [KO:K02210] [EC:5.6.2.3]
117999773  CDC45; cell division control protein 45 homolog [KO:K06628]
118023049  TICRR; treslin [KO:K26117]
118015162  MTBP; mdm2-binding protein [KO:K26116]
118019153  CDC7; cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K02214] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118020719  DBF4; protein DBF4 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K06629]
118025158  DBF4B; protein DBF4 homolog B [KO:K06629]
118025943  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclin-dependent kinase 1-like [KO:K02087] [EC:2.7.11.22 2.7.11.23]
118019514  cyclin-dependent kinase 1 [KO:K02087] [EC:2.7.11.22 2.7.11.23]
118019992  cyclin-dependent kinase 1 [KO:K02087] [EC:2.7.11.22 2.7.11.23]
118002147  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1-like [KO:K05868]
118016867  CCNB1; G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 [KO:K05868]
118003405  CCNB2; G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B2 isoform X1 [KO:K21770]
118010424  CCNB3; G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B3 isoform X1 [KO:K21771]
118010280  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: M-phase inducer phosphatase 2-like [KO:K05866] [EC:3.1.3.48]
118011286  CDC25B; M-phase inducer phosphatase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05866] [EC:3.1.3.48]
118016681  CDC25C; M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 [KO:K05867] [EC:3.1.3.48]
118015079  YWHAZ; 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta [KO:K16197]
118001153  14-3-3 protein zeta/delta-like [KO:K16197]
118011520  YWHAB; 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha [KO:K16197]
118007304  14-3-3 protein theta-like [KO:K16197]
118007361  14-3-3 protein theta-like [KO:K16197]
118007388  YWHAQ; 14-3-3 protein theta [KO:K16197]
118025227  YWHAE; 14-3-3 protein epsilon isoform X1 [KO:K06630]
118018680  YWHAH; 14-3-3 protein eta [KO:K16198]
117999466  YWHAG; 14-3-3 protein gamma [KO:K16198]
117999124  PLK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 [KO:K06631] [EC:2.7.11.21]
118004074  WEE1; wee1-like protein kinase [KO:K06632] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118020573  WEE2; wee1-like protein kinase 2 [KO:K06632] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118021743  PKMYT1; membrane-associated tyrosine- and threonine-specific cdc2-inhibitory kinase isoform X1 [KO:K06633] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118016972  CCNH; cyclin-H isoform X1 [KO:K06634]
118016872  CDK7; cyclin-dependent kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K02202] [EC:2.7.11.22 2.7.11.23]
118007847  ANAPC1; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03348]
118017491  ANAPC2; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03349]
118027181  CDC27; cell division cycle protein 27 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K03350]
118010649  ANAPC4; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 4 [KO:K03351]
118018444  ANAPC5; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03352]
118009208  CDC16; cell division cycle protein 16 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K03353]
118018452  ANAPC7; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 7 [KO:K03354]
118016679  CDC23; cell division cycle protein 23 homolog [KO:K03355]
118022281  ANAPC10; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 10 isoform X1 [KO:K03357]
118024162  ANAPC11; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 11 [KO:K03358]
118017792  CDC26; anaphase-promoting complex subunit CDC26 [KO:K03359]
118017798  anaphase-promoting complex subunit CDC26-like [KO:K03359]
118003983  ANAPC13; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 13 [KO:K12456]
117999502  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: anaphase-promoting complex subunit 13-like [KO:K12456]
118003900  ANAPC15; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 15 isoform X1 [KO:K25228]
118021187  ANAPC16; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 16 [KO:K25229]
118019524  CDC20; cell division cycle protein 20 homolog [KO:K03363]
118016234  PTTG1; securin isoform X1 [KO:K06635]
118008799  ESPL1; separin [KO:K02365] [EC:3.4.22.49]
117998066  SMC1A; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1A isoform X1 [KO:K06636]
117998575  SMC1B; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1B [KO:K06636]
118026086  SMC3; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K06669]
118015146  RAD21; double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog [KO:K06670]
118004096  STAG1; cohesin subunit SA-1 isoform X1 [KO:K06671]
118026662  cohesin subunit SA-2-like [KO:K06671]
118012624  STAG2; cohesin subunit SA-2 isoform X1 [KO:K06671]
118026047  ATRX; transcriptional regulator ATRX isoform X1 [KO:K10779]
118025786  DDX11; ATP-dependent DNA helicase DDX11 isoform X1 [KO:K11273] [EC:5.6.2.7]
118006364  nipped-B-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K06672]
118006502  nipped-B-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K06672]
118005952  MAU2; MAU2 chromatid cohesion factor homolog isoform X1 [KO:K11266]
118026032  HDAC8; histone deacetylase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K11405] [EC:3.5.1.98]
118022117  ESCO2; N-acetyltransferase ESCO2 [KO:K11268] [EC:2.3.1.-]
118004666  ESCO1; N-acetyltransferase ESCO1 isoform X1 [KO:K11268] [EC:2.3.1.-]
118009521  PDS5B; sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K11267]
118010594  PDS5A; sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K11267]
118022489  WAPL; wings apart-like protein homolog isoform X1 [KO:K25163]
118016027  sororin-like [KO:K17390]
118000050  AURKB; aurora kinase B isoform X1 [KO:K11479] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118003115  SGO1; shugoshin 1 [KO:K11580]
118016640  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
118009990  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
117998379  PPP2R1A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K03456]
118013220  PPP2R1B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K03456]
118001186  PPP2R5D; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform [KO:K11584]
118016017  PPP2R5B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform [KO:K11584]
118002322  PPP2R5E; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform [KO:K11584]
118002344  PPP2R5C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
118014309  PPP2R5A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584]
118004771  NDC80; kinetochore protein NDC80 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K11547]
118003213  KNL1; kinetochore scaffold 1 [KO:K11542]
118000748  TTK; dual specificity protein kinase TTK [KO:K08866] [EC:2.7.12.1]
117999286  MAD1L1; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1 isoform X1 [KO:K06679]
118000543  mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A-like isoform X1 [KO:K02537]
118019231  mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A isoform X1 [KO:K02537]
118019243  mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A isoform X1 [KO:K02537]
118013863  mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A-like [KO:K02537]
118014011  mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A-like [KO:K02537]
118020004  MAD2L2; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2B isoform X1 [KO:K13728]
118003216  BUB1B; mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1 beta [KO:K06637] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118027410  BUB3; mitotic checkpoint protein BUB3 isoform X1 [KO:K02180]
118007842  BUB1; mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1 [KO:K02178] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118006192  TRIP13; pachytene checkpoint protein 2 homolog [KO:K22399]
118001103  MAD2L1BP; MAD2L1-binding protein [KO:K26093]
118005527  FZR1; fizzy-related protein homolog isoform X1 [KO:K03364]
118001089  FBXO5; F-box only protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K10292]
118023346  CDC14B; dual specificity protein phosphatase CDC14B isoform X1 [KO:K06639] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
118019084  CDC14A; dual specificity protein phosphatase CDC14A isoform X1 [KO:K06639] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
117998639  EP300; histone acetyltransferase p300 isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
118021774  CREBBP; CREB-binding protein isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
118014796  PRKDC; DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K06642] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118004694  ATR; serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR isoform X1 [KO:K06640] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118013186  ATM; serine-protein kinase ATM isoform X1 [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118008591  MDM2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 isoform X1 [KO:K06643] [EC:2.3.2.27]
118000034  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
118026375  GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
118019290  GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha [KO:K04402]
118006001  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
118011269  PCNA; proliferating cell nuclear antigen [KO:K04802]
118019829  SFN; 14-3-3 protein sigma [KO:K06644]
118013370  CHEK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1 [KO:K02216] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118018616  CHEK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 isoform X1 [KO:K06641] [EC:2.7.11.1]
118005263  CDC25A; M-phase inducer phosphatase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06645] [EC:3.1.3.48]
Reference
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Qiao X, Zhang L, Gamper AM, Fujita T, Wan Y
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APC/C-Cdh1: from cell cycle to cellular differentiation and genomic integrity.
  Journal
Cell Cycle 9:3904-12 (2010)
DOI:10.4161/cc.9.19.13585
Related
pathway
mlx03030  DNA replication
mlx04010  MAPK signaling pathway
mlx04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
mlx04210  Apoptosis
KO pathway
ko04110   
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