KEGG   PATHWAY: npr04140
Entry
npr04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Nanorana parkeri (Xizang Plateau frog)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
npr04140  Autophagy - animal
npr04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Nanorana parkeri (Xizang Plateau frog) [GN:npr]
Gene
108784035  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108784101  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
108784163  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
108784341  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
108784350  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
108784509  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
108784623  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 [KO:K26797]
108784657  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
108784776  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
108784803  OPTN; optineurin [KO:K19946]
108784908  ATG4C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
108784979  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
108785230  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
108785267  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
108785301  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
108785381  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
108785625  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
108785765  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108786053  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein [KO:K17987]
108786235  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
108786260  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
108786379  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A isoform X1 [KO:K07901]
108786499  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08512]
108786518  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
108786558  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
108786580  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
108786645  RAB42; putative Ras-related protein Rab-42 [KO:K07925]
108786689  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
108786803  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
108786810  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 [KO:K21247]
108786979  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
108787078  CUNH9orf72; protein C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
108787157  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108787450  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
108787466  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
108787513  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
108787521  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
108787573  [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108787612  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
108787668  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
108787681  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
108787682  UBC; polyubiquitin-C isoform X1 [KO:K08770]
108787821  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
108787840  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
108787841  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
108787937  [KO:K08770]
108788145  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108788146  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
108788157  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
108788242  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
108788565  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108788567  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
108788807  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
108788811  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
108788816  [KO:K07187]
108788861  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
108788881  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
108789013  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
108789292  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
108789501  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108789543  [KO:K20402]
108789544  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
108789624  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108789926  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 [KO:K06528]
108790114  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
108790460  [KO:K07897]
108790539  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
108790768  ERN2; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE2 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
108790816  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
108790885  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
108790987  [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108790992  [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108791087  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108791225  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
108791228  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
108791253  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
108791497  [KO:K20180]
108791508  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
108791601  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
108791689  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
108791703  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
108791910  ITPR1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
108791966  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08268]
108792002  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
108792131  [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
108792201  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
108792245  [KO:K17603]
108792520  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249]
108792627  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 [KO:K16184]
108792630  [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
108792701  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
108792702  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
108792929  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]
108793033  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
108793389  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
108793666  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
108794095  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108794161  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
108794273  [KO:K10435]
108794344  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
108794648  [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108794671  TSC1; hamartin [KO:K07206]
108794718  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108794777  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
108794851  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
108794886  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
108794889  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108794954  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108795003  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20179]
108795287  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
108795291  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
108795396  [KO:K08341]
108795536  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator [KO:K12650]
108795806  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108796072  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
108796185  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
108796234  [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108796319  [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108796670  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108796763  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
108796769  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108796838  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16172]
108797141  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
108797274  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
108797317  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 [KO:K17985]
108797515  [KO:K07830]
108797539  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
108797553  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
108797628  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
108797675  SMCR8; Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosomal region candidate gene 8 protein [KO:K23611]
108797885  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
108797915  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
108797919  CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
108798072  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108798076  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
108798269  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
108798399  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
108798423  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
108798842  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
108798869  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
108799093  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
108799544  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
108799644  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
108799763  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
108800110  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
108800188  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein [KO:K19330]
108800291  [KO:K16172]
108800432  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
108800909  [KO:K08512]
108800969  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
108801054  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
108801591  [KO:K23610]
108801893  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
108802104  [KO:K20868]
108802963  [KO:K02649]
108803002  [KO:K07827]
108803311  [KO:K17907]
108803670  [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
108803794  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
108804019  [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
108804436  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
108804449  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K22262]
108804455  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
108804481  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
108804572  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
108804785  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
108805007  [KO:K16185]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
npr04010  MAPK signaling pathway
npr04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
npr04142  Lysosome
npr04150  mTOR signaling pathway
npr04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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