PATHWAY: amj04144 Help
Entry
Name
Endocytosis - Alligator mississippiensis (American alligator)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Alligator mississippiensis (American alligator) [GN:
amj ]
Gene
102559582 AP2A1; adaptor related protein complex 2 alpha 1 subunit [KO:K11824 ]
102576746 AP2M1; adaptor related protein complex 2 mu 1 subunit [KO:K11826 ]
102575946 AP2S1; adaptor related protein complex 2 sigma 1 subunit [KO:K11827 ]
102573255 SH3KBP1; SH3 domain containing kinase binding protein 1 [KO:K12470 ]
102574133 SH3GL2; SH3 domain containing GRB2 like 2, endophilin A1 [KO:K11247 ]
106736819 SH3GL1; SH3 domain containing GRB2 like 1, endophilin A2 [KO:K11247 ]
102557618 SH3GL3; SH3 domain containing GRB2 like 3, endophilin A3 [KO:K11247 ]
102576882 SH3GLB1; SH3 domain containing GRB2 like endophilin B1 [KO:K11248 ]
102574765 SH3GLB2; SH3 domain containing GRB2 like endophilin B2 [KO:K21269 ]
102565179 EPS15; epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15 [KO:K12472 ]
106736811 EPS15L1; epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15 like 1 [KO:K12472 ]
102563383 NEDD4; neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase [KO:K10591 ] [EC:2.3.2.26 ]
102562914 NEDD4L; neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4-like, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase [KO:K13305 ] [EC:2.3.2.26 ]
102574786 LDLRAP1; low density lipoprotein receptor adaptor protein 1 [KO:K12474 ]
102569952 ARPC5L; actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5 like [KO:K05754 ]
102567834 DNAJC6; DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C6 [KO:K09526 ]
102571593 CAPZA2; capping actin protein of muscle Z-line alpha subunit 2 [KO:K10364 ]
102576622 CAPZA3; capping actin protein of muscle Z-line alpha subunit 3 [KO:K10364 ]
102574683 CAPZA1; capping actin protein of muscle Z-line alpha subunit 1 [KO:K10364 ]
102558924 CAPZB; capping actin protein of muscle Z-line beta subunit [KO:K10365 ]
102561640 HGS; hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate [KO:K12182 ]
102558589 SPG21; spastic paraplegia 21 (autosomal recessive, Mast syndrome) [KO:K19367 ]
102560735 major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein-like [KO:K06751 ]
102558833 major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein [KO:K06751 ]
102561593 major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein [KO:K06751 ]
102562213 major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein [KO:K06751 ]
109280177 major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein-like [KO:K06751 ]
102560511 major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein [KO:K06751 ]
102567483 major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein [KO:K06751 ]
102559065 major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein [KO:K06751 ]
102572318 H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, Q9 alpha chain [KO:K06751 ]
102562567 major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein [KO:K06751 ]
102567030 major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein-like [KO:K06751 ]
102574843 class I histocompatibility antigen, F10 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
102571229 major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein [KO:K06751 ]
102559303 major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein [KO:K06751 ]
102564562 class I histocompatibility antigen, F10 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
102574471 major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein [KO:K06751 ]
102561818 class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-C*0203 alpha chain [KO:K06751 ]
102567251 major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein-like [KO:K06751 ]
102561997 RABEP1; rabaptin, RAB GTPase binding effector protein 1 [KO:K12480 ]
102560313 ASAP1; ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1 [KO:K12488 ]
106737099 arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12488 ]
109283787 ASAP3; ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 3 [KO:K12488 ]
102568695 ASAP2; ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2 [KO:K12488 ]
102575983 ACAP2; ArfGAP with coiled-coil, ankyrin repeat and PH domains 2 [KO:K12489 ]
102561964 ACAP1; ArfGAP with coiled-coil, ankyrin repeat and PH domains 1 [KO:K12489 ]
102571056 ACAP3; ArfGAP with coiled-coil, ankyrin repeat and PH domains 3 [KO:K12489 ]
102559434 ARAP1; ArfGAP with RhoGAP domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1 [KO:K18439 ]
106736896 ARAP2; ArfGAP with RhoGAP domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 2 [KO:K18440 ]
102562874 ARAP3; ArfGAP with RhoGAP domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 3 [KO:K12490 ]
102576502 AGAP1; ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1 [KO:K12491 ]
102570866 AGAP3; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12491 ]
102575680 AGAP2; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K17848 ]
102574548 ARFGAP1; ADP ribosylation factor GTPase activating protein 1 [KO:K12492 ]
102569454 ARFGAP3; ADP ribosylation factor GTPase activating protein 3 [KO:K12493 ]
102568753 ARFGAP2; ADP ribosylation factor GTPase activating protein 2 [KO:K12493 ]
102562229 IQSEC2; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12495 ]
102575201 ARFGEF2; ADP ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 [KO:K18442 ]
106736753 ARFGEF1; ADP ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 [KO:K18442 ]
102564617 GBF1; golgi brefeldin A resistant guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 [KO:K18443 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sorkin A
Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title
The endocytic matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal
Related pathway
amj04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
amj04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
amj04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway
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