KEGG   PATHWAY: mbez05012
Entry
mbez05012                   Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Moschus berezovskii (Chinese forest musk deer)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
mbez05012  Parkinson disease
mbez05012

Organism
Moschus berezovskii (Chinese forest musk deer) [GN:mbez]
Gene
129542479  ADORA2A; adenosine receptor A2a [KO:K04266]
129549795  GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha [KO:K04633]
129561499  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
129561531  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
129553768  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor [KO:K04145]
129552346  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
129547858  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
129541702  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
129536585  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
129558401  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
129540637  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
129563245  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
129564122  UBA1; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
129547849  UBA7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 isoform X1 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
129556906  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
129558699  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
129536546  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
129549804  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02977]
129564612  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
129539211  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
129539935  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
129541095  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
129542527  UBC; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
129544184  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K08770]
129542506  UBE2L3; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
129554857  UBE2L6; ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
129551407  UBE2J2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
129560678  UBE2J1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
129548609  UBE2G2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 isoform X1 [KO:K04555] [EC:2.3.2.23]
129538290  UBE2G1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
129561338  PRKN; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin isoform X1 [KO:K04556] [EC:2.3.2.31]
129562012  SNCA; alpha-synuclein [KO:K04528]
129552099  GPR37; prosaposin receptor GPR37 [KO:K04243]
129542649  SEPTIN5; septin-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04557]
129558684  SNCAIP; synphilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04558]
129550517  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
129552575  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
129550408  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
129549718  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha-type 8 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
129561363  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
129541114  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
129554486  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
129562420  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
129562506  proteasome subunit alpha type-3-like [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
129537072  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
129539899  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
129544336  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
129540914  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
129562452  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
129560868  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
129540647  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
129552369  PSMC2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
129562511  PSMC1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
129546821  PSMC4; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
129562650  PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B [KO:K03064]
129554823  PSMC3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A [KO:K03065]
129544542  PSMC5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03066]
129545229  PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
129538585  PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032]
129544367  PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
129542628  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693]
129544562  PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
129540095  PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
129547987  PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037]
129546950  PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
129548583  PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 [KO:K03039]
129549582  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4-like [KO:K03029]
129548374  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4-like [KO:K03029]
129537555  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030]
129546868  PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
129561284  ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 isoform X1 [KO:K06691]
129562074  UCHL1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
129562982  CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
129563274  calmodulin-1-like [KO:K02183]
129563997  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
129564337  calmodulin-1-like [KO:K02183]
129550549  calmodulin-1-like [KO:K02183]
129550970  CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
129551800  calmodulin-1-like [KO:K02183]
129539293  CALM2; calmodulin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
129546635  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
129554732  uncharacterized protein LOC129554732 [KO:K02183]
129555444  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
129562351  calmodulin-1-like [KO:K02183]
129562550  CALM1; calmodulin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
129558512  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
129552563  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
129562150  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
129555700  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
129544523  MAPT; microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X1 [KO:K04380]
129562454  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04963]
129548039  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
129536224  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
129543844  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
129563552  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
129539411  HSPA5; endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP [KO:K09490] [EC:3.6.4.10]
129540459  ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
129537221  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
129544549  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
129542397  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
129539222  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129562722  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03237]
129536687  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
129540547  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4-like [KO:K04374]
129548408  TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
129564412  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
129535063  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
129553081  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
129557342  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter [KO:K08155]
129555318  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
129535617  natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2-like [KO:K21398]
129535619  natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K21398]
129537284  natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21398]
129563130  SLC39A2; zinc transporter ZIP2 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
129559259  SLC39A3; zinc transporter ZIP3 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
129540566  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 [KO:K14709]
129560204  SLC39A4; zinc transporter ZIP4 [KO:K14710]
129535906  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 isoform X1 [KO:K14711]
129549621  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 [KO:K14712]
129543408  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 [KO:K14713]
129561519  SLC39A8; metal cation symporter ZIP8 isoform X1 [KO:K14714]
129562772  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 [KO:K14715]
129537604  SLC39A10; zinc transporter ZIP10 [KO:K14716]
129544767  SLC39A11; zinc transporter ZIP11 isoform X1 [KO:K14717]
129558394  SLC39A12; zinc transporter ZIP12 [KO:K14718]
129554822  SLC39A13; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: zinc transporter ZIP13 [KO:K14719]
129556886  SLC39A14; metal cation symporter ZIP14 isoform X1 [KO:K14720]
7872555  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
7872543  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
7872549  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
7872551  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
7872550  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
7872552  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
7872553  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
129548685  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
129549785  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
129548146  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
129559361  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
129546048  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03947]
129536721  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
129536909  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
129552258  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
129557319  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like [KO:K03949]
129552607  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
129536257  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
129558629  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
129539677  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
129536388  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03953]
129540843  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954]
129545460  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
129559417  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
129536626  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
129559529  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
129552713  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
129538372  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
129562206  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
129557517  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
129558310  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
129563161  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03964]
129563333  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03964]
129538417  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03964]
129555441  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
129539436  NDUFB9; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
129545250  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
129564391  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
129537781  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
129541195  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
129554830  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
129553266  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
129541431  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
129553392  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
129558789  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
129548680  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
129542435  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
129549039  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
129553417  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
129537568  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
129540820  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
129551518  succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00237]
129554330  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237]
129547289  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
7872554  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
129560239  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
129547809  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00414]
129545439  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
129541300  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial [KO:K00416]
129538687  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
129559837  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
129538008  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8-like [KO:K00418]
129559505  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
7872548  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
7872544  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
7872545  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
129547198  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
129562077  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
129550450  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
129539072  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02264]
129539786  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
129545568  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
129542288  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
129546050  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
129546145  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
129539783  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
129559906  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
129537105  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
129546136  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
129560985  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
129534867  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
129550158  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8C, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
129549821  ATP5F1A; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
129535664  ATP5F1B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
129549267  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
129556910  ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
129558473  ATP5F1D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
7872547  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
129536251  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02127]
129541042  ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
129536222  ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
129544287  ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
129538226  ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
129544741  ATP5PD; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
129545120  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02138]
129548151  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02138]
129552488  ATP5PO; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
7872546  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
129538611  PINK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129555725  MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K20858]
129537027  LRRK2; leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
129538979  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
129545323  TRAP1; heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K09488]
129558217  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
129555687  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
129549434  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 [KO:K15041]
129560157  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3-like [KO:K15041]
129562882  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3-like [KO:K15041]
129542617  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
129549309  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
129564629  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
129535024  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
129555671  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
129536239  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
129538389  cytochrome c 2 [KO:K08738]
129552526  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
129535887  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
129551377  CASP9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
129549305  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
129551486  PARK7; Parkinson disease protein 7 [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
129538419  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
129562040  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
129546572  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
129551548  MFN2; mitofusin-2 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
129535944  KIF5A; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
129558468  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K10396]
129538351  KIF5C; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
129543512  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 [KO:K10407]
129550693  KLC1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
129546675  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 [KO:K10407]
129548736  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
129536409  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
129536741  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin alpha-1B chain-like [KO:K07374]
129536760  tubulin alpha-1A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
129536761  tubulin alpha-1C chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
129536762  tubulin alpha-1C chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
129537982  tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
129538092  tubulin alpha-1D chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
129554739  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
129543045  tubulin beta-4B chain-like [KO:K07375]
129543147  TUBB; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
129543421  tubulin beta-2B chain [KO:K07375]
129549800  TUBB6; tubulin beta-6 chain [KO:K07375]
129543715  TUBB2A; tubulin beta-2A chain [KO:K07375]
129558972  tubulin beta chain-like [KO:K07375]
129559232  TUBB4A; tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
129539645  TUBB4B; tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
129561483  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]
129547355  uncharacterized protein LOC129547355 [KO:K07375]
129543141  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
129553152  DUSP1; dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
129538504  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05638]
129535717  TXN2; thioredoxin, mitochondrial [KO:K03671]
129557163  thioredoxin-like [KO:K03671]
129540266  thioredoxin [KO:K03671]
129543652  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 [KO:K02308]
129560696  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
129559467  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
129561625  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
129555633  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
129552765  SOD1; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
129558639  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
PMID:16495942
  Authors
Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit MM, Wood NW
  Title
Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1868
Reference
PMID:12938733
  Authors
Lim KL, Lim TM
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
  Journal
IUBMB Life 55:315-22 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/1521654031000153030
Reference
PMID:26501339
  Authors
Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
  Title
Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
  Journal
Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
DOI:10.3390/biom5042675
Reference
PMID:15767499
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Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
  Journal
Arch Neurol 62:353-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1001/archneur.62.3.353
Reference
PMID:16972273
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Olanow CW, McNaught KS
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Ubiquitin-proteasome system and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/mds.21013
Reference
PMID:18047737
  Authors
Lim KL, Tan JM
  Title
Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
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BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2091-8-S1-S13
Reference
PMID:29090092
  Authors
Maiti P, Manna J, Dunbar GL
  Title
Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Targets for potential treatments.
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Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:12814656
  Authors
Dev KK, van der Putten H, Sommer B, Rovelli G
  Title
Part I: parkin-associated proteins and Parkinson's disease.
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Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
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Reference
PMID:20495568
  Authors
Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Goetz CG, Marin C, Kordower JH, Rodriguez M, Hirsch EC, Farrer M, Schapira AH, Halliday G
  Title
Missing pieces in the Parkinson's disease puzzle.
  Journal
Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
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Reference
PMID:24781149
  Authors
Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
  Title
Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Cell Tissue Res 357:439-54 (2014)
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Reference
PMID:19230774
  Authors
Bezprozvanny I
  Title
Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2009.01.001
Reference
PMID:28468938
  Authors
Zaichick SV, McGrath KM, Caraveo G
  Title
The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
DOI:10.1242/dmm.028738
Reference
PMID:28838811
  Authors
Ludtmann MHR, Abramov AY
  Title
Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.044
Reference
PMID:19663908
  Authors
Sandebring A, Dehvari N, Perez-Manso M, Thomas KJ, Karpilovski E, Cookson MR, Cowburn RF, Cedazo-Minguez A
  Title
Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
  Journal
FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07201.x
Reference
PMID:23352769
  Authors
Mercado G, Valdes P, Hetz C
  Title
An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.12.005
Reference
PMID:27103567
  Authors
Mercado G, Castillo V, Soto P, Sidhu A
  Title
ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
  Journal
Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.042
Reference
PMID:26297973
  Authors
Tsujii S, Ishisaka M, Hara H
  Title
Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.033
Reference
PMID:31100053
  Authors
Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
  Title
Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
DOI:10.1080/1028415X.2019.1613764
Reference
PMID:24548101
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J, Paris I, Munoz P, Ferrari E, Zecca L, Zucca FA
  Title
Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.12686
Reference
PMID:31587020
  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
  Title
The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 79:276-289 (2019)
Reference
PMID:15189334
  Authors
Perez RG, Hastings TG
  Title
Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
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J Neurochem 89:1318-24 (2004)
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Reference
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  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J
  Title
A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
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Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:27546335
  Authors
Bose A, Beal MF
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 139 Suppl 1:216-231 (2016)
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Reference
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  Authors
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  Title
Emerging (and converging) pathways in Parkinson's disease: keeping mitochondrial wellness.
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun 483:1020-1030 (2017)
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Reference
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  Authors
Mack JM, Schamne MG, Sampaio TB, Pertile RA, Fernandes PA, Markus RP, Prediger RD
  Title
Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms.
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Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:3472032 (2016)
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Reference
PMID:21674642
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Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
  Title
Mitochondria, calcium, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Reference
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Gaki GS, Papavassiliou AG
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Oxidative stress-induced signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Neuromolecular Med 16:217-30 (2014)
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Reference
PMID:25761946
  Authors
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The Parkinson Disease Mitochondrial Hypothesis: Where Are We at?
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Neuroscientist 22:266-77 (2016)
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Reference
PMID:22926193
  Authors
de Vries RL, Przedborski S
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: be eaten to stay healthy.
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Mol Cell Neurosci 55:37-43 (2013)
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Reference
PMID:20736035
  Authors
Deas E, Wood NW, Plun-Favreau H
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: the PINK1-parkin link.
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Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
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Reference
PMID:25611507
  Authors
Pickrell AM, Youle RJ
  Title
The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease.
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Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:27911343
  Authors
Truban D, Hou X, Caulfield TR, Fiesel FC, Springer W
  Title
PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
  Journal
J Parkinsons Dis 7:13-29 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:28823929
  Authors
Biosa A, Sandrelli F, Beltramini M, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M
  Title
Recent findings on the physiological function of DJ-1: Beyond Parkinson's disease.
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Neurobiol Dis 108:65-72 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:29147906
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Oh SE, Mouradian MM
  Title
Regulation of Signal Transduction by DJ-1.
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Adv Exp Med Biol 1037:97-131 (2017)
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Reference
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Dolgacheva LP, Berezhnov AV, Fedotova EI, Zinchenko VP, Abramov AY
  Title
Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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J Bioenerg Biomembr 51:175-188 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:30370500
  Authors
Melo TQ, Copray SJCVM, Ferrari MFR
  Title
Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity on Protein Quality Control, Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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Neurochem Res 43:2212-2223 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:30937538
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Zhai S, Shen W, Graves SM, Surmeier DJ
  Title
Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson's disease.
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J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:29720658
  Authors
Parker JG, Marshall JD, Ahanonu B, Wu YW, Kim TH, Grewe BF, Zhang Y, Li JZ, Ding JB, Ehlers MD, Schnitzer MJ
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Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states.
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Nature 557:177-182 (2018)
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Related
pathway
mbez00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
mbez00350  Tyrosine metabolism
mbez03050  Proteasome
mbez04020  Calcium signaling pathway
mbez04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
mbez04137  Mitophagy - animal
mbez04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
mbez04210  Apoptosis
mbez04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05012   
LinkDB

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