Entry
Name
Thermogenesis - Pteropus giganteus (Indian flying fox)
Description
Thermogenesis is essential for warm-blooded animals, ensuring normal cellular and physiological function under conditions of environmental challenge. Thermogenesis in brown and beige adipose tissue is mainly controlled by norepinephrine, which is released from sympathetic nervous system in response to cold or dietary stimuli. The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is responsible for the process whereby chemical energy is converted into heat in these adipocytes. Activation of these adipocytes leads to an increase in calorie consumption and is expected to improve overweight conditions, providing a potential strategy for treating obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
Class
Organismal Systems; Environmental adaptation
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Pteropus giganteus (Indian flying fox) [GN:
pgig ]
Gene
120603882 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
120587583 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
120592160 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 [KO:K09048 ]
120615385 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
120606645 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
120601151 CREB3L2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
120612863 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
120602391 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047 ]
120610841 SMARCA4; transcription activator BRG1 isoform X1 [KO:K11647 ] [EC:5.6.2.-]
120621729 SMARCA2; probable global transcription activator SNF2L2 isoform X1 [KO:K11647 ] [EC:5.6.2.-]
120606861 SMARCB1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11648 ]
120618177 SMARCD1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 1 [KO:K11650 ]
120600284 SMARCD2; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 2 [KO:K11650 ]
120601531 SMARCD3; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 3 isoform X1 [KO:K11650 ]
120611161 SMARCE1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11651 ]
120596166 ARID1A; AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A isoform X1 [KO:K11653 ]
120611407 ARID1B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1B [KO:K11653 ]
120621474 PPARG; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform X1 [KO:K08530 ]
120582783 PPARGC1A; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07202 ]
120597156 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
120606777 PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199 ]
120585136 PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 [KO:K07199 ]
120618205 PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07200 ]
120587666 PRKAG3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07200 ]
120601493 PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07200 ]
120600162 RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204 ]
120620262 MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266 ]
120587568 NDUFS1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
120584202 NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
120607415 NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
120608171 NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03937 ]
120593298 NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938 ]
120586301 NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939 ]
120583687 NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
120584743 NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
120584746 NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03942 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
120598742 NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944 ]
120613848 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03944 ]
120581414 NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946 ]
120616482 NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947 ]
120604950 NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948 ]
120601258 NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949 ]
120602938 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950 ]
120602939 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6-like [KO:K03950 ]
120598765 NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951 ]
120605755 NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952 ]
120607301 NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03953 ]
120592183 NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954 ]
120615433 NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956 ]
120611623 NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352 ]
120606599 NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353 ]
120619622 NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957 ]
120601134 NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958 ]
120587522 NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03959 ]
120586679 NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960 ]
120597142 NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961 ]
120612925 NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962 ]
120618472 NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963 ]
120609201 NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964 ]
120595681 NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K03965 ]
120620248 NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966 ]
120605511 NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351 ]
120613219 NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967 ]
120587156 NDUFAF1; complex I intermediate-associated protein 30, mitochondrial [KO:K18159 ]
120608208 NDUFAF2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 2 [KO:K18160 ]
120582339 NDUFAF3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 3 [KO:K09008 ]
120594839 NDUFAF4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 4 [KO:K18161 ]
120611894 NDUFAF5; arginine-hydroxylase NDUFAF5, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K18162 ] [EC:2.1.1.-]
120605470 NDUFAF6; NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex I, assembly factor 6 isoform X1 [KO:K18163 ]
120621779 NDUFAF7; protein arginine methyltransferase NDUFAF7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K18164 ]
120600201 NDUFAF8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 8 [KO:K24726 ]
120586318 SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
120585752 SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
120584198 SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00236 ]
120621994 SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237 ]
120582316 cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00414 ]
120620319 cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416 ]
120603514 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263 ]
120622928 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263 ]
120592495 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02270 ]
120621725 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02270 ]
120620774 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX11, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02258 ]
120614171 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX16 homolog, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K18182 ]
120588189 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX18, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K17797 ]
120594291 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX20, mitochondrial-like [KO:K18184 ]
120619091 cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein COX20, mitochondrial [KO:K18184 ]
120591759 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 1 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K18173 ]
120611072 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 3 homolog, mitochondrial [KO:K18175 ]
120590335 cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 4 homolog, mitochondrial [KO:K18177 ]
120621054 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 7 [KO:K18180 ]
120583693 ATP5F1D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02134 ]
120585021 ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127 ]
120602187 ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
120596836 ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
120611266 ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
120598886 ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131 ]
120618791 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase subunit g, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02140 ]
120582324 SLC25A20; mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein [KO:K15109 ]
120619693 SLC25A29; mitochondrial basic amino acids transporter [KO:K15109 ]
Compound
Reference
Authors
Inagaki T, Sakai J, Kajimura S
Title
Transcriptional and epigenetic control of brown and beige adipose cell fate and function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Harms M, Seale P
Title
Brown and beige fat: development, function and therapeutic potential.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Boon MR, Kooijman S, van Dam AD, Pelgrom LR, Berbee JF, Visseren CA, van Aggele RC, van den Hoek AM, Sips HC, Lombes M, Havekes LM, Tamsma JT, Guigas B, Meijer OC, Jukema JW, Rensen PC
Title
Peripheral cannabinoid 1 receptor blockade activates brown adipose tissue and diminishes dyslipidemia and obesity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Merlin J, Evans BA, Dehvari N, Sato M, Bengtsson T, Hutchinson DS
Title
Could burning fat start with a brite spark? Pharmacological and nutritional ways to promote thermogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
van Dam AD, Kooijman S, Schilperoort M, Rensen PC, Boon MR
Title
Regulation of brown fat by AMP-activated protein kinase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kooijman S, van den Heuvel JK, Rensen PC
Title
Neuronal Control of Brown Fat Activity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Contreras C, Nogueiras R, Dieguez C, Rahmouni K, Lopez M
Title
Traveling from the hypothalamus to the adipose tissue: The thermogenic pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fruhbeck G, Mendez-Gimenez L, Fernandez-Formoso JA, Fernandez S, Rodriguez A
Title
Regulation of adipocyte lipolysis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tansey JT, Sztalryd C, Hlavin EM, Kimmel AR, Londos C
Title
The central role of perilipin a in lipid metabolism and adipocyte lipolysis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Collins S, Yehuda-Shnaidman E, Wang H
Title
Positive and negative control of Ucp1 gene transcription and the role of beta-adrenergic signaling networks.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Robidoux J, Cao W, Quan H, Daniel KW, Moukdar F, Bai X, Floering LM, Collins S
Title
Selective activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase 3 and p38alpha MAP kinase is essential for cyclic AMP-dependent UCP1 expression in adipocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hattori K, Naguro I, Okabe K, Funatsu T, Furutani S, Takeda K, Ichijo H
Title
ASK1 signalling regulates brown and beige adipocyte function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Abe Y, Rozqie R, Matsumura Y, Kawamura T, Nakaki R, Tsurutani Y, Tanimura-Inagaki K, Shiono A, Magoori K, Nakamura K, Ogi S, Kajimura S, Kimura H, Tanaka T, Fukami K, Osborne TF, Kodama T, Aburatani H, Inagaki T, Sakai J
Title
JMJD1A is a signal-sensing scaffold that regulates acute chromatin dynamics via SWI/SNF association for thermogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dempersmier J, Sambeat A, Gulyaeva O, Paul SM, Hudak CS, Raposo HF, Kwan HY, Kang C, Wong RH, Sul HS
Title
Cold-inducible Zfp516 activates UCP1 transcription to promote browning of white fat and development of brown fat.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sambeat A, Gulyaeva O, Dempersmier J, Tharp KM, Stahl A, Paul SM, Sul HS
Title
LSD1 Interacts with Zfp516 to Promote UCP1 Transcription and Brown Fat Program.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Villarroya F, Peyrou M, Giralt M
Title
Transcriptional regulation of the uncoupling protein-1 gene.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cao W, Daniel KW, Robidoux J, Puigserver P, Medvedev AV, Bai X, Floering LM, Spiegelman BM, Collins S
Title
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is the central regulator of cyclic AMP-dependent transcription of the brown fat uncoupling protein 1 gene.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hondares E, Iglesias R, Giralt A, Gonzalez FJ, Giralt M, Mampel T, Villarroya F
Title
Thermogenic activation induces FGF21 expression and release in brown adipose tissue.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yao L, Cui X, Chen Q, Yang X, Fang F, Zhang J, Liu G, Jin W, Chang Y
Title
Cold-Inducible SIRT6 Regulates Thermogenesis of Brown and Beige Fat.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Klingenberg M
Title
UCP1 - A sophisticated energy valve.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bertholet AM, Kirichok Y
Title
UCP1: A transporter for H(+) and fatty acid anions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Betz MJ, Enerback S
Title
Targeting thermogenesis in brown fat and muscle to treat obesity and metabolic disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tseng YH, Cypess AM, Kahn CR
Title
Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fenzl A, Kiefer FW
Title
Brown adipose tissue and thermogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Minard AY, Tan SX, Yang P, Fazakerley DJ, Domanova W, Parker BL, Humphrey SJ, Jothi R, Stockli J, James DE
Title
mTORC1 Is a Major Regulatory Node in the FGF21 Signaling Network in Adipocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fisher FM, Kleiner S, Douris N, Fox EC, Mepani RJ, Verdeguer F, Wu J, Kharitonenkov A, Flier JS, Maratos-Flier E, Spiegelman BM
Title
FGF21 regulates PGC-1alpha and browning of white adipose tissues in adaptive thermogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zois NE, Bartels ED, Hunter I, Kousholt BS, Olsen LH, Goetze JP
Title
Natriuretic peptides in cardiometabolic regulation and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Indiveri C, Iacobazzi V, Tonazzi A, Giangregorio N, Infantino V, Convertini P, Console L, Palmieri F
Title
The mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier: function, structure and physiopathology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
McCoin CS, Knotts TA, Adams SH
Title
Acylcarnitines--old actors auditioning for new roles in metabolic physiology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ohtomo T, Ino K, Miyashita R, Chigira M, Nakamura M, Someya K, Inaba N, Fujita M, Takagi M, Yamada J
Title
Chronic high-fat feeding impairs adaptive induction of mitochondrial fatty acid combustion-associated proteins in brown adipose tissue of mice.
Journal
Related pathway
pgig04923 Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes
KO pathway
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