KEGG   PATHWAY: shr04371
Entry
shr04371                    Pathway                                
Name
Apelin signaling pathway - Sarcophilus harrisii (Tasmanian devil)
Description
Apelin is an endogenous peptide capable of binding the apelin receptor (APJ), which was originally described as an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor. Apelin and APJ are widely expressed in various tissues and organ systems. They are implicated in different key physiological processes such as angiogenesis, cardiovascular functions, cell proliferation and energy metabolism regulation. On the other hand, this ligand receptor couple is also involved in several pathologies including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
shr04371  Apelin signaling pathway
shr04371

Other DBs
GO: 0060183
Organism
Sarcophilus harrisii (Tasmanian devil) [GN:shr]
Gene
100922193  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100922434  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100925657  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100920243  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100932634  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100929278  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X3 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100923926  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100926025  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X2 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100913418  ADCY10; adenylate cyclase type 10 isoform X1 [KO:K11265] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100929360  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100915481  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100934183  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100913731  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-like [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100926393  LIPE; hormone-sensitive lipase [KO:K07188] [EC:3.1.1.79]
105750878  APELA; apelin receptor early endogenous ligand [KO:K25355]
100928921  APLNR; apelin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04174]
100914706  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
100928725  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
100916740  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
100930507  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
100917513  GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537]
100914745  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
100932612  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
100931703  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539]
116419987  GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540]
100917856  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
100933735  GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
100920700  GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543]
100934873  GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544]
116419978  GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545]
100920799  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 isoform X2 [KO:K04546]
100920266  GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347]
100914479  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
100927581  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
100920537  GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548]
100915783  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
100916183  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04634]
100922938  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100934049  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100934311  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100929015  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100918532  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X7 [KO:K04958]
100921270  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
100916996  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X2 [KO:K04960]
100916717  RYR1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ryanodine receptor 1 [KO:K04961]
100916914  RYR2; ryanodine receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04962]
100919981  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04963]
100929017  CALM1; calmodulin-1 isoform X2 [KO:K02183]
100920429  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
105750699  calmodulin-A [KO:K02183]
100935134  CALM3; calmodulin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
100925046  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
116419081  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
116423459  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
116423460  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
100921140  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase, brain isoform X1 [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
100927789  NOS2; nitric oxide synthase, inducible [KO:K13241] [EC:1.14.13.39]
100913437  NOS3; nitric oxide synthase, endothelial [KO:K13242] [EC:1.14.13.39]
100921656  PRKCE; protein kinase C epsilon type isoform X1 [KO:K18050] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100927417  SLC9A1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
100914566  SLC8A2; sodium/calcium exchanger 2 [KO:K05849]
100916944  SLC8A3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
100930572  SLC8A1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
100918090  MYLK4; myosin light chain kinase family member 4 isoform X1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
100925131  MYLK3; myosin light chain kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00907] [EC:2.7.11.18]
100917142  MYL2; myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform [KO:K10351]
100932686  MYL3; myosin light chain 3 [KO:K12749]
100913949  MYL4; myosin light chain 4 [KO:K12750]
100929168  ras-like protein [KO:K02833]
116419913  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
100915526  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
100927252  ras-related protein Rab-26-like [KO:K07827]
100929426  ras protein let-60-like [KO:K07827]
100928986  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
100925964  RRAS; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
100935072  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
100926472  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
100935202  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100921899  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100917396  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100934330  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100913231  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100935081  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100930707  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100927485  RPS6; 40S ribosomal protein S6 [KO:K02991]
100925455  PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100931238  PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
100917987  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100913262  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100925440  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100931480  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100921820  EGR1; early growth response protein 1 [KO:K09203]
100924158  SPP1; osteopontin [KO:K06250]
100931367  JAG1; protein jagged-1 [KO:K06052]
100926977  NOTCH3; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 [KO:K20995]
100917462  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
100934547  PDE3B; cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B isoform X1 [KO:K13296] [EC:3.1.4.17]
100924620  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
100919089  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100931761  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
100914051  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
100928511  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
100927558  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
100926139  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
100928944  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
100919221  PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199]
105750525  PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07199]
100918024  PRKAG3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 [KO:K07200]
100919530  PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
100927282  PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
100924786  PLIN1; perilipin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08768]
100931691  PPARGC1A; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha isoform X5 [KO:K07202]
100933595  NRF1; nuclear respiratory factor 1 [KO:K11831]
100932137  TFAM; transcription factor A, mitochondrial [KO:K11830]
111719259  KLF2; Krueppel-like factor 2 [KO:K17845]
100914991  SPHK1; sphingosine kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
100933142  SPHK2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sphingosine kinase 2 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
100932191  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639]
100920792  CAMK4; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV [KO:K05869] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100923523  HDAC4; histone deacetylase 4 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
100930442  HDAC5; histone deacetylase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K11406] [EC:3.5.1.98]
100917719  MEF2A; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A isoform X8 [KO:K09260]
100914180  MEF2B; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2B isoform X1 [KO:K09261]
100932067  MEF2C; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C isoform X3 [KO:K04454]
100914053  MEF2D; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2D isoform X1 [KO:K09262]
100913844  TGFBR1; TGF-beta receptor type-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
100914956  SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500]
100923201  SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 [KO:K23605]
100923569  SMAD4; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 [KO:K04501]
100916692  ACTA2; actin, aortic smooth muscle [KO:K12313]
100914671  actin-3-like isoform X1 [KO:K12313]
100920258  CDH1; cadherin-1 [KO:K05689]
100926574  CCN2; CCN family member 2 [KO:K06827]
100927259  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
100922915  SERPINE1; plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 [KO:K03982]
100928675  PLAT; tissue-type plasminogen activator [KO:K01343] [EC:3.4.21.68]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00290  Fibrin
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C06124  Sphingosine 1-phosphate
Reference
PMID:26143239
  Authors
Yang P, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP
  Title
Apelin, Elabela/Toddler, and biased agonists as novel therapeutic agents in the cardiovascular system.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 36:560-7 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2015.06.002
Reference
PMID:22140623
  Authors
Andersen CU, Hilberg O, Mellemkjaer S, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Simonsen U
  Title
Apelin and pulmonary hypertension.
  Journal
Pulm Circ 1:334-46 (2011)
DOI:10.4103/2045-8932.87299
Reference
PMID:25275559
  Authors
Chapman NA, Dupre DJ, Rainey JK
  Title
The apelin receptor: physiology, pathology, cell signalling, and ligand modulation of a peptide-activated class A GPCR.
  Journal
Biochem Cell Biol 92:431-40 (2014)
DOI:10.1139/bcb-2014-0072
Reference
PMID:18272138
  Authors
Japp AG, Newby DE
  Title
The apelin-APJ system in heart failure: pathophysiologic relevance and therapeutic potential.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 75:1882-92 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.12.015
Reference
PMID:25652330
  Authors
Folino A, Montarolo PG, Samaja M, Rastaldo R
  Title
Effects of apelin on the cardiovascular system.
  Journal
Heart Fail Rev 20:505-18 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s10741-015-9475-x
Reference
PMID:23943882
  Authors
O'Carroll AM, Lolait SJ, Harris LE, Pope GR
  Title
The apelin receptor APJ: journey from an orphan to a multifaceted regulator of homeostasis.
  Journal
J Endocrinol 219:R13-35 (2013)
DOI:10.1530/JOE-13-0227
Reference
PMID:23973488
  Authors
Liu QF, Yu HW, You L, Liu MX, Li KY, Tao GZ
  Title
Apelin-13-induced proliferation and migration induced of rat vascular smooth muscle cells is mediated by the upregulation of Egr-1.
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 439:235-40 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.051
Reference
PMID:26254105
  Authors
Novakova V, Sandhu GS, Dragomir-Daescu D, Klabusay M
  Title
Apelinergic system in endothelial cells and its role in angiogenesis in myocardial ischemia.
  Journal
Vascul Pharmacol 76:1-10 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.vph.2015.08.005
Reference
PMID:21725702
  Authors
Castan-Laurell I, Dray C, Attane C, Duparc T, Knauf C, Valet P
  Title
Apelin, diabetes, and obesity.
  Journal
Endocrine 40:1-9 (2011)
DOI:10.1007/s12020-011-9507-9
Reference
PMID:23924696
  Authors
Li L, Li L, Xie F, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Tang G, Lv D, Lu Q, Chen L, Li J
  Title
Jagged-1/Notch3 signaling transduction pathway is involved in apelin-13-induced vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 45:875-81 (2013)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmt085
Reference
PMID:24990699
  Authors
Wu D, He L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system: a promising therapy target for hypertension.
  Journal
Mol Biol Rep 41:6691-703 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s11033-014-3552-4
Reference
PMID:20539939
  Authors
Liu C, Su T, Li F, Li L, Qin X, Pan W, Feng F, Chen F, Liao D, Chen L
  Title
PI3K/Akt signaling transduction pathway is involved in rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation induced by apelin-13.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 42:396-402 (2010)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmq035
Reference
PMID:26607438
  Authors
Xie F, Liu W, Feng F, Li X, He L, Lv D, Qin X, Li L, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin-13 promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via PI3K-Akt-ERK1/2-p70S6K and PI3K-induced autophagy.
  Journal
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 47:969-80 (2015)
DOI:10.1093/abbs/gmv111
Reference
PMID:27979574
  Authors
Lu L, Wu D, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system: A bifunctional target for cardiac hypertrophy.
  Journal
Int J Cardiol 230:164-170 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.215
Reference
PMID:16182514
  Authors
Carmen GY, Victor SM
  Title
Signalling mechanisms regulating lipolysis.
  Journal
Cell Signal 18:401-8 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.08.009
Reference
PMID:27650065
  Authors
Hu H, He L, Li L, Chen L
  Title
Apelin/APJ system as a therapeutic target in diabetes and its complications.
  Journal
Mol Genet Metab 119:20-7 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.07.012
Reference
PMID:25914650
  Authors
Bertrand C, Valet P, Castan-Laurell I
  Title
Apelin and energy metabolism.
  Journal
Front Physiol 6:115 (2015)
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2015.00115
Reference
PMID:26385179
  Authors
Yao F, Lv YC, Zhang M, Xie W, Tan YL, Gong D, Cheng HP, Liu D, Li L, Liu XY, Zheng XL, Tang CK
  Title
Apelin-13 impedes foam cell formation by activating Class III PI3K/Beclin-1-mediated autophagic pathway.
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 466:637-43 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.045
Reference
PMID:22842084
  Authors
Than A, Cheng Y, Foh LC, Leow MK, Lim SC, Chuah YJ, Kang Y, Chen P
  Title
Apelin inhibits adipogenesis and lipolysis through distinct molecular pathways.
  Journal
Mol Cell Endocrinol 362:227-41 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2012.07.002
Reference
PMID:24055369
  Authors
Yu XH, Tang ZB, Liu LJ, Qian H, Tang SL, Zhang DW, Tian GP, Tang CK
  Title
Apelin and its receptor APJ in cardiovascular diseases.
  Journal
Clin Chim Acta 428:1-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2013.09.001
Reference
PMID:25931124
  Authors
Than A, He HL, Chua SH, Xu D, Sun L, Leow MK, Chen P
  Title
Apelin Enhances Brown Adipogenesis and Browning of White Adipocytes.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 290:14679-91 (2015)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M115.643817
Reference
PMID:25139773
  Authors
Fu J, Li Z, Zhang H, Mao Y, Wang A, Wang X, Zou Z, Zhang X
  Title
Molecular pathways regulating the formation of brown-like adipocytes in white adipose tissue.
  Journal
Diabetes Metab Res Rev 31:433-52 (2015)
DOI:10.1002/dmrr.2600
Reference
PMID:21464822
  Authors
Aharoni-Simon M, Hann-Obercyger M, Pen S, Madar Z, Tirosh O
  Title
Fatty liver is associated with impaired activity of PPARgamma-coactivator 1alpha (PGC1alpha) and mitochondrial biogenesis in mice.
  Journal
Lab Invest 91:1018-28 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/labinvest.2011.55
Reference
PMID:22995518
  Authors
McLean DL, Kim J, Kang Y, Shi H, Atkins GB, Jain MK, Chun HJ
  Title
Apelin/APJ signaling is a critical regulator of statin effects in vascular endothelial cells--brief report.
  Journal
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 32:2640-3 (2012)
DOI:10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.300317
Reference
PMID:22028387
  Authors
Pchejetski D, Foussal C, Alfarano C, Lairez O, Calise D, Guilbeau-Frugier C, Schaak S, Seguelas MH, Wanecq E, Valet P, Parini A, Kunduzova O
  Title
Apelin prevents cardiac fibroblast activation and collagen production through inhibition of sphingosine kinase 1.
  Journal
Eur Heart J 33:2360-9 (2012)
DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr389
Reference
PMID:26944568
  Authors
Huang S, Chen L, Lu L, Li L
  Title
The apelin-APJ axis: A novel potential therapeutic target for organ fibrosis.
  Journal
Clin Chim Acta 456:81-8 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2016.02.025
Reference
PMID:19093215
  Authors
Liu G, Han J, Profirovic J, Strekalova E, Voyno-Yasenetskaya TA
  Title
Galpha13 regulates MEF2-dependent gene transcription in endothelial cells: role in angiogenesis.
  Journal
Angiogenesis 12:1-15 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s10456-008-9123-3
Reference
PMID:23603510
  Authors
Kang Y, Kim J, Anderson JP, Wu J, Gleim SR, Kundu RK, McLean DL, Kim JD, Park H, Jin SW, Hwa J, Quertermous T, Chun HJ
  Title
Apelin-APJ signaling is a critical regulator of endothelial MEF2 activation in cardiovascular development.
  Journal
Circ Res 113:22-31 (2013)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301324
Reference
PMID:25164121
  Authors
Wang LY, Diao ZL, Zhang DL, Zheng JF, Zhang QD, Ding JX, Liu WH
  Title
The regulatory peptide apelin: a novel inhibitor of renal interstitial fibrosis.
  Journal
Amino Acids 46:2693-704 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s00726-014-1826-8
Reference
PMID:26756969
  Authors
Zhou Y, Deng L, Zhao D, Chen L, Yao Z, Guo X, Liu X, Lv L, Leng B, Xu W, Qiao G, Shan H
  Title
MicroRNA-503 promotes angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis by targeting Apelin-13.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 20:495-505 (2016)
DOI:10.1111/jcmm.12754
Reference
PMID:27825851
  Authors
Zhong JC, Zhang ZZ, Wang W, McKinnie SM, Vederas JC, Oudit GY
  Title
Targeting the apelin pathway as a novel therapeutic approach for cardiovascular diseases.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1863:1942-1950 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.007
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pathway
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shr04150  mTOR signaling pathway
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ko04371   
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