KEGG   PATHWAY: tup04724
Entry
tup04724                    Pathway                                
Name
Glutamatergic synapse - Tupaia chinensis (Chinese tree shrew)
Description
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
tup04724  Glutamatergic synapse
tup04724

Other DBs
GO: 0051966
Organism
Tupaia chinensis (Chinese tree shrew) [GN:tup]
Gene
102494388  SLC38A1; solute carrier family 38 member 1 [KO:K14990]
102495874  SLC38A2; solute carrier family 38 member 2 [KO:K14207]
102477418  GLS; glutaminase [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
102482233  GLS2; glutaminase 2 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
102480900  SLC17A8; solute carrier family 17 member 8 [KO:K12302]
102496224  SLC17A6; solute carrier family 17 member 6 [KO:K12302]
102489837  SLC17A7; solute carrier family 17 member 7 [KO:K12302]
102472875  GRIK1; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 1 [KO:K05201]
102474140  GRIK2; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 2 [KO:K05202]
102471766  GRIK3; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 3 [KO:K05203]
102479972  GRIK4; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 4 [KO:K05204]
102475845  GRIK5; glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 5 [KO:K05205]
102477050  GRIA1; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1 [KO:K05197]
102480104  GRIA2; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2 [KO:K05198]
102479432  glutamate receptor 3-like [KO:K05199]
102491582  GRIA4; glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 4 [KO:K05200]
102469683  GRIN1; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 [KO:K05208]
102487925  GRIN2A; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A [KO:K05209]
102487806  GRIN2B; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B [KO:K05210]
102479118  GRIN2C; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2C [KO:K05211]
102498157  GRIN2D; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2D [KO:K05212]
102478830  GRIN3A; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3A [KO:K05213]
102499931  GRIN3B; glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3B [KO:K05214]
102480885  PPP3CC; protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102478870  PPP3CA; protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102478627  PPP3CB; protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102478386  PPP3R2; protein phosphatase 3 regulatory subunit B, beta [KO:K06268]
102474096  PPP3R1; protein phosphatase 3 regulatory subunit B, alpha [KO:K06268]
102486732  DLG4; discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4 [KO:K11828]
102475349  DLGAP1; DLG associated protein 1 [KO:K15008]
102495642  SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3 [KO:K15009]
102499270  SHANK1; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 1 [KO:K15009]
102497596  SHANK3; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 [KO:K15009]
102503279  SHANK2; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 2 [KO:K15009]
102486978  LZTS3; leucine zipper tumor suppressor family member 3 [KO:K26472]
102480366  TRPC1; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 1 [KO:K04964]
102479064  GRM1; glutamate metabotropic receptor 1 [KO:K04603]
102486954  GRM5; glutamate metabotropic receptor 5 [KO:K04604]
102488476  HOMER1; homer scaffolding protein 1 [KO:K15010]
102499291  HOMER3; homer scaffolding protein 3 [KO:K15010]
102479729  HOMER2; homer scaffolding protein 2 [KO:K15010]
102468263  GNAQ; G protein subunit alpha q [KO:K04634]
102477438  PLCB1; phospholipase C beta 1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102476196  PLCB4; phospholipase C beta 4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102472532  PLCB3; phospholipase C beta 3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102492903  PLCB2; phospholipase C beta 2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102495954  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102469271  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102497204  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102473622  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
102482868  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
102475587  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
102473333  PLA2G4C; phospholipase A2 group IVC [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
102470223  PLA2G4E; phospholipase A2 group IVE [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
102471767  PLA2G4D; phospholipase A2 group IVD [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
102472618  JMJD7; jmjC domain-containing protein 7 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
102470647  PLA2G4F; phospholipase A2 group IVF [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
102477396  PLA2G4A; phospholipase A2 group IVA [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
102495205  PLD1; phospholipase D1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
102499889  PLD2; phospholipase D2 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
102496453  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102483057  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102489563  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas [KO:K04632]
102501321  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
102468873  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102492353  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102477532  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102490273  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102490639  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102468478  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102496578  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102472317  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102477344  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102502506  PRKACB; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102478525  PRKACA; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102474413  GRM2; glutamate metabotropic receptor 2 [KO:K04605]
102483840  GRM3; glutamate metabotropic receptor 3 [KO:K04606]
102486281  GRM6; glutamate metabotropic receptor 6 [KO:K04608]
102478241  GRM7; glutamate metabotropic receptor 7 [KO:K04609]
102479399  GRM8; glutamate metabotropic receptor 8 [KO:K04610]
102480521  metabotropic glutamate receptor 8-like [KO:K04610]
102476737  GNAI3; G protein subunit alpha i3 [KO:K04630]
102479323  GNAI1; G protein subunit alpha i1 [KO:K04630]
102475420  GNAI2; G protein subunit alpha i2 [KO:K04630]
102483059  GNAO1; G protein subunit alpha o1 [KO:K04534]
102482352  GNB1; G protein subunit beta 1 [KO:K04536]
102484212  GNB2; G protein subunit beta 2 [KO:K04537]
102503265  GNB3; G protein subunit beta 3 [KO:K07825]
102487568  GNB5; G protein subunit beta 5 [KO:K04539]
102490695  GNG2; G protein subunit gamma 2 [KO:K07826]
102494820  GNG3; G protein subunit gamma 3 [KO:K04540]
102493758  GNG4; G protein subunit gamma 4 [KO:K04541]
102467951  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542]
102476928  GNG7; G protein subunit gamma 7 [KO:K04543]
102493874  GNG8; G protein subunit gamma 8 [KO:K04544]
102492339  GNG11; G protein subunit gamma 11 [KO:K04546]
102501535  GNG12; G protein subunit gamma 12 [KO:K04347]
102476704  GNG13; G protein subunit gamma 13 [KO:K04547]
102491914  GNGT1; G protein subunit gamma transducin 1 [KO:K04548]
102495706  GNGT2; G protein subunit gamma transducin 2 [KO:K04549]
102499442  GRK3; G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
102482004  GRK2; G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 [KO:K00910] [EC:2.7.11.15]
102500280  KCNJ3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 3 [KO:K04997]
102473903  CACNA1A; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A [KO:K04344]
102478702  SLC1A2; solute carrier family 1 member 2 [KO:K05613]
102468163  SLC1A7; solute carrier family 1 member 7 [KO:K05618]
102474682  SLC1A1; solute carrier family 1 member 1 [KO:K05612]
102474763  SLC1A6; solute carrier family 1 member 6 [KO:K05617]
102484770  CACNA1D; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D [KO:K04851]
102495074  SLC1A3; solute carrier family 1 member 3 [KO:K05614]
102491090  GLUL; glutamate-ammonia ligase [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
102482132  SLC38A3; solute carrier family 38 member 3 [KO:K13576]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
Reference
PMID:20055706
  Authors
Niswender CM, Conn PJ
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
  Journal
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 50:295-322 (2010)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.011008.145533
Reference
PMID:19112153
  Authors
Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
  Journal
Pharmacol Rev 60:536-81 (2008)
DOI:10.1124/pr.108.000166
Reference
PMID:11672421
  Authors
Hermans E, Challiss RA
  Title
Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
  Journal
Biochem J 359:465-84 (2001)
DOI:10.1042/bj3590465
Reference
PMID:17663464
  Authors
Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Neurosci Res 86:1-10 (2008)
DOI:10.1002/jnr.21437
Reference
PMID:14684436
  Authors
Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
  Title
Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1003:75-93 (2003)
DOI:10.1196/annals.1300.005
Reference
PMID:18425072
  Authors
Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
  Title
Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 7:426-37 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrd2462
Reference
PMID:17706608
  Authors
Gass JT, Olive MF
  Title
Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 75:218-65 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.039
Reference
PMID:9665875
  Authors
Palmada M, Centelles JJ
  Title
Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
  Journal
Front Biosci 3:d701-18 (1998)
DOI:10.2741/a314
Reference
PMID:11561058
  Authors
Schoepp DD
  Title
Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference
PMID:19559598
  Authors
de Jong AP, Verhage M
  Title
Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 19:245-53 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2009.06.005
Reference
PMID:18464791
  Authors
Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
  Title
Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:423-36 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2379
Reference
PMID:19110202
  Authors
Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
  Title
Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
  Journal
Neurotherapeutics 6:94-107 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.nurt.2008.10.038
Reference
PMID:10481192
  Authors
Conti F, Weinberg RJ
  Title
Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 22:451-8 (1999)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(99)01445-9
Reference
PMID:12399578
  Authors
Sheng M, Kim MJ
  Title
Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
  Journal
Science 298:776-80 (2002)
DOI:10.1126/science.1075333
Related
pathway
tup00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
tup04020  Calcium signaling pathway
tup04720  Long-term potentiation
tup04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
tup04730  Long-term depression
KO pathway
ko04724   
LinkDB

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