KEGG   PATHWAY: csyr05012
Entry
csyr05012                   Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Carlito syrichta (Philippine tarsier)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
csyr05012  Parkinson disease
csyr05012

Disease
H00057  Parkinson disease
Organism
Carlito syrichta (Philippine tarsier) [GN:csyr]
Gene
103249209  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 [KO:K10407]
103249224  [KO:K00416]
103249239  UBE2G1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
103249378  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
103249583  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 isoform X1 [KO:K03948]
103249716  MFN2; mitofusin-2 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
103250092  UBE2J2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 isoform X1 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
103250117  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
103250207  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
103250291  SOD1; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] isoform X2 [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
103250392  [KO:K03061]
103250410  [KO:K03949]
103250428  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 isoform X1 [KO:K14715]
103250431  TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
103250483  [KO:K02183]
103250595  [KO:K04551]
103250978  [KO:K07375]
103251009  [KO:K00420]
103251017  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
103251065  PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
103251114  [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
103251157  [KO:K02266]
103251186  [KO:K00236]
103251331  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030]
103251594  [KO:K04380]
103251659  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
103251673  ATP5G2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
103251688  [KO:K02265]
103251768  [KO:K04632]
103251854  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 isoform X1 [KO:K02927]
103251906  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04963]
103251916  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
103252018  [KO:K02263]
103252019  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
103252067  PSMC5; 26S protease regulatory subunit 8 isoform X2 [KO:K03066]
103252137  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
103252175  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
103252280  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103252292  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
103252346  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
103252583  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
103252738  UBE2J1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
103252786  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
103252808  [KO:K02183]
103252809  PSMC1; 26S protease regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
103252868  DUSP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
103253105  [KO:K03949]
103253258  [KO:K07375]
103253311  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
103253408  ATP5G3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128]
103253520  [KO:K07375]
103253635  [KO:K07374]
103253817  MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial [KO:K20858]
103253931  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
103254098  [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
103254114  PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03037]
103254788  [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
103254798  PINK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103254801  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
103254816  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103254938  PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 isoform X1 [KO:K03039]
103255312  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103255326  [KO:K08738]
103255466  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
103255823  [KO:K04632]
103255950  [KO:K02183]
103256085  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B isoform X1 [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
103256090  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
103256231  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
103256260  [KO:K11352]
103256297  PSMC3; 26S protease regulatory subunit 6A [KO:K03065]
103256327  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
103256427  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
103256450  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 isoform X1 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
103256865  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
103256923  KIF5C; kinesin heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K10396]
103256992  [KO:K04958]
103257018  PSMC4; 26S protease regulatory subunit 6B isoform X1 [KO:K03063]
103257263  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
103257341  [KO:K03032]
103257362  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
103257385  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
103257595  [KO:K03671]
103257812  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 isoform X1 [KO:K14712]
103257846  [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
103257860  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
103257967  [KO:K02183]
103258126  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03937]
103258177  [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
103258337  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
103258555  [KO:K00417]
103258616  TXN2; thioredoxin, mitochondrial [KO:K03671]
103258685  SLC39A12; zinc transporter ZIP12 isoform X1 [KO:K14718]
103258814  SLC39A2; zinc transporter ZIP2 [KO:K14709]
103258817  [KO:K14709]
103259028  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
103259129  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03952]
103259262  [KO:K00418]
103259404  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949]
103259587  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
103259767  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
103259777  ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 [KO:K06691]
103260108  UBE2L6; ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
103260252  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
103260260  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00236]
103260331  [KO:K00415]
103260483  CASP9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
103260864  PARK7; protein DJ-1 [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
103261167  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
103261248  TUBA4A; tubulin alpha-4A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
103261319  TUBB; tubulin beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
103261438  [KO:K02183]
103261507  GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha [KO:K04633]
103261588  [KO:K07374]
103261731  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K03965]
103261884  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
103261895  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
103262079  SEPT5; septin-5 isoform X2 [KO:K04557]
103262130  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K06693]
103262238  [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
103262543  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X2 [KO:K02308]
103262579  HSPA5; 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein [KO:K09490] [EC:3.6.4.10]
103262643  [KO:K03949]
103262645  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 [KO:K14713]
103262680  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
103262804  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
103262806  MFN1; mitofusin-1 [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
103262863  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03961]
103262897  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
103262907  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103262943  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
103263084  [KO:K02267]
103263160  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
103263163  KIF5A; kinesin heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K10396]
103263178  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05638]
103263365  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
103263431  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
103263506  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03962]
103263556  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
103263590  SLC39A8; zinc transporter ZIP8 [KO:K14714]
103263709  ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
103263777  [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
103263898  UBE2G2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 isoform X1 [KO:K04555] [EC:2.3.2.23]
103263904  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K15040]
103264241  CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
103264290  LRRK2; leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103264348  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
103264637  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
103264736  ATP5G1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
103264772  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
103264907  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
103264913  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103265072  PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03028]
103265114  [KO:K03061]
103265401  [KO:K03946]
103265462  [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
103265518  UBA7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
103265882  SLC39A10; zinc transporter ZIP10 isoform X1 [KO:K14716]
103265905  SLC39A14; zinc transporter ZIP14 [KO:K14720]
103266003  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
103266009  [KO:K03671]
103266092  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
103266174  [KO:K02263]
103266338  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
103266568  [KO:K02264]
103266619  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain [KO:K10396]
103266780  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
103267214  [KO:K14717]
103267309  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 isoform X2 [KO:K04374]
103267371  [KO:K00417]
103267388  ATP5A1; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02132]
103267420  [KO:K02271]
103267552  ATP5J; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02131]
103267568  [KO:K03938]
103267584  PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03033]
103268018  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
103268110  [KO:K02268]
103268316  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05862]
103268529  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha type-7-like isoform X1 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
103268540  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
103268588  [KO:K03671]
103268605  [KO:K02183]
103268812  [KO:K05863]
103268852  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
103269146  UBE2L3; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 isoform X1 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
103269243  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
103269634  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
103269656  [KO:K07375]
103269822  SLC39A13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
103269932  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
103269986  [KO:K14717]
103270009  ATP5E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
103270010  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain isoform X2 [KO:K07375]
103270262  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
103270408  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
103270632  [KO:K00414]
103270898  [KO:K02264]
103271133  PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
103271180  [KO:K03958]
103271220  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
103271254  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 isoform X1 [KO:K03968]
103271353  [KO:K07374]
103271430  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954]
103271456  ATP5F1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
103271500  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
103271619  ADORA2A; adenosine receptor A2a isoform X1 [KO:K04266]
103271686  [KO:K00419]
103271700  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
103271714  [KO:K07374]
103271776  UBA1; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 isoform X2 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
103271841  [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
103272009  [KO:K07375]
103272010  [KO:K07375]
103272280  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 isoform X1 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
103272494  SLC39A4; zinc transporter ZIP4 [KO:K14710]
103272505  [KO:K00413]
103272535  [KO:K03038]
103272691  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
103272754  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 [KO:K14711]
103272968  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X5 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
103273362  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
103273442  [KO:K02270]
103273447  TUBA1B; tubulin alpha-1B chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
103273566  COX6B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
103273582  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
103273678  TRAP1; heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K09488]
103273755  GPR37; prosaposin receptor GPR37 [KO:K04243]
103273995  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 isoform X1 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
103274018  [KO:K02927]
103274051  SNCA; alpha-synuclein [KO:K04528]
103274334  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X2 [KO:K03029]
103274341  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 isoform X1 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
103274382  [KO:K02271]
103274470  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
103274844  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
103274909  [KO:K08738]
103274919  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
103274973  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
103275145  ATP5B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
103275417  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
103275551  [KO:K03953]
103275631  UCHL1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
103275752  PSMC6; 26S protease regulatory subunit 10B [KO:K03064]
103275777  SNCAIP; synphilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04558]
103275931  ATP5H; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02138]
103275990  ATP5O; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
103276000  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04145]
103276196  [KO:K02137]
103276203  SLC25A5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
103276211  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
103276236  COX7AH; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
103276345  ATP5C1; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
103276353  [KO:K03949]
103276463  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03947]
103276500  [KO:K02270]
103276553  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 isoform X1 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
103276578  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
103276689  SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K21398]
103276877  PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
103277104  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 isoform X3 [KO:K03946]
103277420  [KO:K14717]
110594486  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
110594496  [KO:K02135]
110594497  [KO:K02267]
110594692  [KO:K02927]
110594887  [KO:K02273]
110594963  [KO:K02135]
110595091  [KO:K02268]
110595358  [KO:K02267]
110595395  [KO:K03671]
110595742  SEM1; 26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 [KO:K10881]
110596061  [KO:K02268]
110596190  [KO:K08738]
110596205  [KO:K02135]
110596262  [KO:K02977]
110596280  [KO:K02135]
110596332  [KO:K02268]
110596375  [KO:K02268]
110596473  [KO:K02267]
110596503  [KO:K02268]
110596544  [KO:K03945]
110596696  [KO:K02267]
110596727  [KO:K02268]
7944462  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
7944463  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
7944464  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
7944465  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
7944466  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
7944467  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
7944468  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
7944469  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
7944470  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
7944471  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
7944472  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
7944473  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
7944474  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
PMID:16495942
  Authors
Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit MM, Wood NW
  Title
Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1868
Reference
PMID:12938733
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Lim KL, Lim TM
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
  Journal
IUBMB Life 55:315-22 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/1521654031000153030
Reference
PMID:26501339
  Authors
Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
  Title
Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
  Journal
Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
DOI:10.3390/biom5042675
Reference
PMID:15767499
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Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
  Journal
Arch Neurol 62:353-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1001/archneur.62.3.353
Reference
PMID:16972273
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Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:18047737
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Lim KL, Tan JM
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Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
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BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
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Reference
PMID:29090092
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Maiti P, Manna J, Dunbar GL
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Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Targets for potential treatments.
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Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
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Reference
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Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
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Reference
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  Journal
Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
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Reference
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Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
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Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Reference
PMID:19230774
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Bezprozvanny I
  Title
Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2009.01.001
Reference
PMID:28468938
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  Title
The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:28838811
  Authors
Ludtmann MHR, Abramov AY
  Title
Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
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Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:19663908
  Authors
Sandebring A, Dehvari N, Perez-Manso M, Thomas KJ, Karpilovski E, Cookson MR, Cowburn RF, Cedazo-Minguez A
  Title
Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
  Journal
FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07201.x
Reference
PMID:23352769
  Authors
Mercado G, Valdes P, Hetz C
  Title
An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.12.005
Reference
PMID:27103567
  Authors
Mercado G, Castillo V, Soto P, Sidhu A
  Title
ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
  Journal
Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.042
Reference
PMID:26297973
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Tsujii S, Ishisaka M, Hara H
  Title
Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.033
Reference
PMID:31100053
  Authors
Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
  Title
Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
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Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:24548101
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J, Paris I, Munoz P, Ferrari E, Zecca L, Zucca FA
  Title
Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.12686
Reference
PMID:31587020
  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
  Title
The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 79:276-289 (2019)
Reference
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Perez RG, Hastings TG
  Title
Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
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J Neurochem 89:1318-24 (2004)
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Reference
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Segura-Aguilar J
  Title
A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
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Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
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Reference
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 139 Suppl 1:216-231 (2016)
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Reference
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Emerging (and converging) pathways in Parkinson's disease: keeping mitochondrial wellness.
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun 483:1020-1030 (2017)
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Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms.
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Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:3472032 (2016)
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Reference
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Mitochondria, calcium, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Oxidative stress-induced signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Reference
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The Parkinson Disease Mitochondrial Hypothesis: Where Are We at?
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Reference
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Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: be eaten to stay healthy.
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Mol Cell Neurosci 55:37-43 (2013)
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Reference
PMID:20736035
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Deas E, Wood NW, Plun-Favreau H
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Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: the PINK1-parkin link.
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Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
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Reference
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The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease.
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Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:27911343
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Truban D, Hou X, Caulfield TR, Fiesel FC, Springer W
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PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
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J Parkinsons Dis 7:13-29 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:28823929
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Biosa A, Sandrelli F, Beltramini M, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M
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Recent findings on the physiological function of DJ-1: Beyond Parkinson's disease.
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Neurobiol Dis 108:65-72 (2017)
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Reference
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Reference
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Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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J Bioenerg Biomembr 51:175-188 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:30370500
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Melo TQ, Copray SJCVM, Ferrari MFR
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Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity on Protein Quality Control, Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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Neurochem Res 43:2212-2223 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:30937538
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Zhai S, Shen W, Graves SM, Surmeier DJ
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Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson's disease.
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J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:29720658
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Parker JG, Marshall JD, Ahanonu B, Wu YW, Kim TH, Grewe BF, Zhang Y, Li JZ, Ding JB, Ehlers MD, Schnitzer MJ
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Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states.
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Nature 557:177-182 (2018)
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Related
pathway
csyr00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
csyr00350  Tyrosine metabolism
csyr03050  Proteasome
csyr04020  Calcium signaling pathway
csyr04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
csyr04137  Mitophagy - animal
csyr04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
csyr04210  Apoptosis
csyr04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05012   

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