KEGG   PATHWAY: maua04140
Entry
maua04140                   Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Mesocricetus auratus (golden hamster)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
maua04140  Autophagy - animal
maua04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Mesocricetus auratus (golden hamster) [GN:maua]
Gene
101823595  Ins; insulin [KO:K04526]
101825606  Igf1r; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
101832053  Irs1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
101839047  Irs2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
101835091  insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K17445]
101840584  Irs4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
101823280  Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101828739  Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X4 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101843471  Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101829045  Pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
101835039  Pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101831400  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101835018  Pdpk1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X3 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101842312  Akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101825464  Akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101840296  Akt3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101825008  Pten; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
101838968  Hras; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
101835944  Kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
101841999  Nras; GTPase NRas isoform X1 [KO:K07828]
121137054  GTPase NRas-like [KO:K07828]
101824687  Mras; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
101826841  Rras; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
101833340  Rras2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
101843997  Raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101831139  Map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101822879  Map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101825943  Mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101841668  Mapk3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101833248  Hif1a; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08268]
101823189  Ddit4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
101837089  Tsc2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
101834514  Tsc1; hamartin isoform X3 [KO:K07206]
101833362  BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
106022085  Bnip3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
110339728  Rheb; GTP-binding protein Rheb isoform X1 [KO:K07208]
101840453  Rptor; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
121133621  Deptor; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
101835701  Mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101831090  Akt1s1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X2 [KO:K16184]
101831693  Mlst8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
101828677  Rps6kb2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101839046  Rps6kb1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101830695  immunoglobulin-binding protein 1b-like [KO:K17606]
101833652  immunoglobulin-binding protein 1b [KO:K17606]
101825556  Igbp1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17606]
101842848  Ppp2cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101823886  Ppp2ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
101822707  Ulk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101833225  Ulk2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101840225  Atg13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
101832512  Atg101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
101843373  Rb1cc1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
101843806  Atg2a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
101834259  Atg2b; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
101823047  Wipi2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
101834537  Wipi1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
101831531  Wdr45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
101831300  Wdr45b; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
106021171  Atg9a; autophagy-related protein 9A isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
101838024  Atg9b; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
101823569  Supt20h; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
101839715  Smcr8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
101823961  Wdr41; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
101835706  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
101830835  Rab8a; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
101827387  Rab39b; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
101829794  Sqstm1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
101842633  Tbk1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101832441  Tank; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X2 [KO:K12650]
101836102  Rab1a; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
101844392  Rraga; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
106022818  Rragb; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X1 [KO:K16185]
101830553  Rragc; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
101840036  Rragd; ras-related GTP-binding protein D isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
101835880  Stk11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101841715  Prkaa2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101830211  Prkaa1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101841299  Prkacb; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101840885  Prkaca; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
101842470  Prkcd; protein kinase C delta type isoform X2 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101832187  Mapk9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101827071  Mapk8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101841730  Mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101833785  Bcl2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
101834682  Bcl2l1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
101836153  Bad; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X1 [KO:K02158]
101828265  Becn1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
101834715  Nrbf2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
101842524  Pik3r4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101833643  Pik3c3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
101836943  Atg14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator isoform X1 [KO:K17889]
101843441  Ambra1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
101830563  Traf6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
101844706  Tp53inp2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
101838777  Vmp1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
101828039  Stx17; syntaxin-17 isoform X1 [KO:K08491]
101844663  Uvrag; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
101822783  Sh3glb1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
101832630  Rubcn; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
101830359  Camkk2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101822685  Map3k7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
101832446  Ern1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
101836776  Itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04958]
101844495  Dapk3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101842701  Dapk2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101842450  Dapk1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
121135225  high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
121133795  high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
106022240  Hmgb1; high mobility group protein B1 isoform X1 [KO:K10802]
121144256  high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
121136953  high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
101823796  high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
101830743  high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
101829564  Prap1; proline-rich acidic protein 1 [KO:K21250]
101843225  Eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101826484  Eif2ak4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101827052  Eif2s1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
101835253  Mtmr4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
101838567  Mtmr3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
101831459  Mtmr14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
101839652  Zfyve1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
101832093  Atg12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 isoform X1 [KO:K08336]
101841446  Atg5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X2 [KO:K08339]
101830467  Atg16l1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
101837964  Atg16l2; protein Atg16l2 isoform X2 [KO:K20868]
101823780  Atg7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
101831278  Atg10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
101840815  Atg3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 isoform X1 [KO:K08343]
101833098  ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
101825734  Cflar; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
101827857  Rab33b; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
101836283  Prkcq; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
101827241  Gabarapl2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
101824138  Gabarapl1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
101826430  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
101841542  Map1lc3b; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
101843838  Map1lc3a; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
101834189  Atg4c; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
101832470  Atg4b; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X2 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
101831599  Atg4d; cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
101839154  Atg4a; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
101840640  Nbr1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
101828837  Optn; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
101841360  Calcoco2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
101831365  Tax1bp1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
101840933  Wdfy3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
101823019  ubiquitin-like isoform X1 [KO:K02927]
101832155  Uba52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
101822924  Rps27a; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
121139105  ubiquitin [KO:K02977]
106021984  Ubc; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
106020901  Ubb; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K08770]
101836548  Snap29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
101823742  Vamp8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
101833469  Ykt6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
101824131  Stx7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
101834907  Epg5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
101825397  Plekhm1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K23282]
101830056  Vps11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
101843202  Vps16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
101837022  Vps18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
101837720  Vps33a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
101831448  Vps39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K20183]
101834631  Vps41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
101827413  Birc6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
101841583  Gorasp2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
101826039  Gorasp1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 [KO:K26797]
101839102  Rab7a; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
101837356  Rab7b; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
101822960  Lamp1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
101830016  Lamp2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K06528]
101830112  Ctsd; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
101825242  Ctsv; cathepsin L2 precursor [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
101843949  Ctsb; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
maua04010  MAPK signaling pathway
maua04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
maua04142  Lysosome
maua04150  mTOR signaling pathway
maua04152  AMPK signaling pathway
maua04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

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