KEGG   PATHWAY: rro04140
Entry
rro04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Rhinopithecus roxellana (golden snub-nosed monkey)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
rro04140  Autophagy - animal
rro04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Rhinopithecus roxellana (golden snub-nosed monkey) [GN:rro]
Gene
104677102  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
104677192  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
104656078  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
104679253  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
104676250  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
104663050  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
104665061  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
104670605  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
104662124  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
104675620  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
104680672  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
104661825  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104682713  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104673041  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104676121  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104654186  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
115893905  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104675158  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
104654600  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
104670041  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
104669078  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
104662303  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
104667204  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07829]
104681946  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
104673299  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104662575  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
104665487  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
104676897  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
104681150  MAPK3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
104655242  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha isoform X2 [KO:K08268]
104669941  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
104681538  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
104669743  TSC1; hamartin isoform X2 [KO:K07206]
104659742  BNIP3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
104678707  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
104654941  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
104668161  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
104654362  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104667216  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16184]
104681543  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 [KO:K08266]
104662932  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104664740  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104678779  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
104658843  immunoglobulin-binding protein 1-like [KO:K17606]
115893258  immunoglobulin-binding protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K17606]
104659809  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
104668221  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
104674321  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104663276  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104668394  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
104670650  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
104666982  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
104654479  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
104662842  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
104665223  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
104654030  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
104654996  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
104661809  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
104660050  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
104675394  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
104654149  putative transcription factor SPT20 homolog-like 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
104677935  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
115898626  putative transcription factor SPT20 homolog-like 2 [KO:K21245]
104665857  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
104656954  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X1 [KO:K23610]
104679001  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23609]
104661005  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
104679603  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
104676201  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 [KO:K14381]
104680828  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
104666030  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
104656192  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
104664256  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
104656747  ras-related GTP-binding protein A isoform X1 [KO:K16185]
104653638  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
104657915  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
104671422  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104676941  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
104664292  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
104662061  PRKACG; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
104677489  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
104661051  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
104672393  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
104676194  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
104678447  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
104668007  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
104682248  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
104653720  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
104673141  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
104680067  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
104679208  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
104655659  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
115898785  nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
104675724  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104658709  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
104669140  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
104668391  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K17985]
104658364  TRAF6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
104680512  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
104662928  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
104670787  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
104665096  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
104654090  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 [KO:K11248]
104676392  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
104666273  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
104657888  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
104675499  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
104664252  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
104655916  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104673712  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104665431  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104665311  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
104654245  high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
104677644  PRAP1; proline-rich acidic protein 1 [KO:K21250]
104674177  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104659676  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
104665027  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
104659413  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
104668437  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
104667167  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
104656183  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
104653575  ATG12; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
104653504  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
104654060  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X4 [KO:K17890]
104665143  ATG16L2; autophagy-related protein 16-2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
104673288  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
104680194  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 [KO:K17888]
104660632  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 isoform X1 [KO:K08343]
104671861  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
104654338  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
104664850  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
104677847  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
104679279  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 3 [KO:K08341]
104673331  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
104668619  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
104669306  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
104682176  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
104665626  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
104679210  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
104680509  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
104656055  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B isoform X1 [KO:K10435]
104670471  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
104668061  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X2 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
104673099  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
104658851  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
104673232  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
104664454  OPTN; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: optineurin [KO:K19946]
104659644  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
104681891  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
104672943  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K22262]
104680628  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 isoform X1 [KO:K02927]
104657521  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
115894892  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
104673976  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
104677290  RPS27A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
115894201  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
104681436  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
104666337  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
104676910  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
104677048  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
104671145  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
104658006  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
104680756  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
104678371  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
104657204  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20179]
104674621  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog isoform X2 [KO:K20180]
104666890  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
115897667  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
104666298  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A isoform X2 [KO:K20182]
104665265  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
104663111  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
104669445  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X8 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
104673529  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
104668737  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
104655224  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
104661725  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
104659901  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
104655317  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 [KO:K06528]
104677092  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
104673720  CTSL; cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
104659397  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
104679114  CTSB; cathepsin B isoform X1 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
rro04010  MAPK signaling pathway
rro04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
rro04142  Lysosome
rro04150  mTOR signaling pathway
rro04152  AMPK signaling pathway
rro04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

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