Entry Name Parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion and action - Ursus maritimus (polar bear)
Description Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a key regulator of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. The principal regulators of PTH secretion are extracellular ionized calcium (Ca2+) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3). Under conditions of dietary Ca restriction, a decrement in serum Ca concentration induces release of PTH from the parathyroid gland. PTH acts on bone and kidney to stimulate bone turnover, increase the circulating levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 and calcium and inhibit the reabsorption of phosphate from the glomerular filtrate. This hormone exerts its actions via binding to the PTH/PTH-related peptide receptor (PTH1R). PTH1R primarily activates two sub-types of heterotrimeric Gproteins: Gs and Gq , which in turn regulate the activity of adenylyl cyclases and phospholipase C (PLC) that control the flow of cAMP/PKA and IP/PKC signaling cascades, respectively.
Class Organismal Systems; Endocrine systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map umr04928 Parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion and action
Organism Ursus maritimus (polar bear) [GN:
umr ]
Gene 103658447 SLC34A2; sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B [KO:K14683 ]
103658775 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
103659593 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
103659802 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
103659857 NR4A2; nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08558 ]
103660041 MEF2A; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A isoform X1 [KO:K09260 ]
103663281 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
103664043 RUNX2; runt-related transcription factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09278 ]
103664759 SLC34A1; sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2A [KO:K14683 ]
103665536 CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06625 ]
103665670 GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639 ]
103665925 SLC9A3R1; Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF1 [KO:K13365 ]
103667087 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
103668409 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
103668685 MEF2D; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2D isoform X1 [KO:K09262 ]
103668991 TRPV5; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 5 [KO:K04974 ]
103669052 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
103669942 GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346 ]
103672150 MEF2C; myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C isoform X1 [KO:K04454 ]
103672393 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
103673896 SLC12A3; solute carrier family 12 member 3 isoform X2 [KO:K14426 ]
103674425 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
103674803 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
103675000 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630 ]
103675120 PTH1R; parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04585 ]
103675317 SLC34A3; sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2C [KO:K14683 ]
103676287 GATA3; trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3 isoform X1 [KO:K17895 ]
103676372 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
103677566 TNFSF11; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 [KO:K05473 ]
103677754 LRP6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03068 ]
103678767 CASR; extracellular calcium-sensing receptor isoform X2 [KO:K04612 ]
103679626 LRP5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 [KO:K03068 ]
103680187 ARHGEF1; rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12330 ]
103681679 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
103681813 GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635 ]
103682282 ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X1 [KO:K09049 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Khundmiri SJ, Murray RD, Lederer E
Title PTH and Vitamin D.
Journal Reference Authors Bastepe M, Turan S, He Q
Title Heterotrimeric G proteins in the control of parathyroid hormone actions.
Journal Reference Authors Vilardaga JP, Romero G, Friedman PA, Gardella TJ
Title Molecular basis of parathyroid hormone receptor signaling and trafficking: a family B GPCR paradigm.
Journal Reference Authors Naveh-Many T, Silver J
Title Transcription factors that determine parathyroid development power PTH expression.
Journal Reference Authors Han SI, Tsunekage Y, Kataoka K
Title Gata3 cooperates with Gcm2 and MafB to activate parathyroid hormone gene expression by interacting with SP1.
Journal Reference Authors Ferre S, Hoenderop JG, Bindels RJ
Title Sensing mechanisms involved in Ca2+ and Mg2+ homeostasis.
Journal Reference Authors Komaba H, Fukagawa M
Title FGF23-parathyroid interaction: implications in chronic kidney disease.
Journal Reference Authors Bilezikian JP, Cusano NE, Khan AA, Liu JM, Marcocci C, Bandeira F
Title Primary hyperparathyroidism.
Journal Reference Authors de Groot T, Kovalevskaya NV, Verkaart S, Schilderink N, Felici M, van der Hagen EA, Bindels RJ, Vuister GW, Hoenderop JG
Title Molecular mechanisms of calmodulin action on TRPV5 and modulation by parathyroid hormone.
Journal Reference Authors Hernando N, Wagner C, Biber J, Murer H
Title Kidney kinase network regulates renal ion cotransport.
Journal Reference Authors Wang B, Means CK, Yang Y, Mamonova T, Bisello A, Altschuler DL, Scott JD, Friedman PA
Title Ezrin-anchored protein kinase A coordinates phosphorylation-dependent disassembly of a NHERF1 ternary complex to regulate hormone-sensitive phosphate transport.
Journal Reference Authors Crenshaw TD, Rortvedt LA, Hassen Z
Title Triennial Growth Symposium: a novel pathway for vitamin D-mediated phosphate homeostasis: implications for skeleton growth and mineralization.
Journal Reference Authors Zierold C, Mings JA, DeLuca HF
Title Parathyroid hormone regulates 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)-24-hydroxylase mRNA by altering its stability.
Journal Reference Authors Kramer I, Keller H, Leupin O, Kneissel M
Title Does osteocytic SOST suppression mediate PTH bone anabolism?
Journal Reference Authors Leupin O, Kramer I, Collette NM, Loots GG, Natt F, Kneissel M, Keller H
Title Control of the SOST bone enhancer by PTH using MEF2 transcription factors.
Journal Reference Authors Meir T, Durlacher K, Pan Z, Amir G, Richards WG, Silver J, Naveh-Many T
Title Parathyroid hormone activates the orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 to induce FGF23 transcription.
Journal Reference Authors Pellicelli M, Hariri H, Miller JA, St-Arnaud R
Title Lrp6 is a target of the PTH-activated alphaNAC transcriptional coregulator.
Journal Reference Authors Fu Q, Jilka RL, Manolagas SC, O'Brien CA
Title Parathyroid hormone stimulates receptor activator of NFkappa B ligand and inhibits osteoprotegerin expression via protein kinase A activation of cAMP-response element-binding protein.
Journal Reference Authors O'Brien CA
Title Control of RANKL gene expression.
Journal Reference Authors Jilka RL
Title Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the anabolic effect of intermittent PTH.
Journal Reference Authors Pearman AT, Chou WY, Bergman KD, Pulumati MR, Partridge NC
Title Parathyroid hormone induces c-fos promoter activity in osteoblastic cells through phosphorylated cAMP response element (CRE)-binding protein binding to the major CRE.
Journal Reference Authors Boumah CE, Selvamurugan N, Partridge NC
Title Transcription in the osteoblast: regulatory mechanisms utilized by parathyroid hormone and transforming growth factor-beta.
Journal Reference Authors Hess J, Porte D, Munz C, Angel P
Title AP-1 and Cbfa/runt physically interact and regulate parathyroid hormone-dependent MMP13 expression in osteoblasts through a new osteoblast-specific element 2/AP-1 composite element.
Journal Reference Authors Singh AT, Gilchrist A, Voyno-Yasenetskaya T, Radeff-Huang JM, Stern PH
Title G alpha12/G alpha13 subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins mediate parathyroid hormone activation of phospholipase D in UMR-106 osteoblastic cells.
Journal Reference Authors Ahmed I, Gesty-Palmer D, Drezner MK, Luttrell LM
Title Transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor mediates parathyroid hormone and prostaglandin F2 alpha-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in cultured transgenic murine osteoblasts.
Journal Reference Authors Sneddon WB, Yang Y, Ba J, Harinstein LM, Friedman PA
Title Extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation by parathyroid hormone in distal tubule cells.
Journal Reference Authors Agoro R, Ni P, Noonan ML, White KE
Title Osteocytic FGF23 and Its Kidney Function.
Journal Reference Authors Erben RG, Andrukhova O
Title FGF23-Klotho signaling axis in the kidney.
Journal Reference Authors Murillo-de-Ozores AR, Rodriguez-Gama A, Carbajal-Contreras H, Gamba G, Castaneda-Bueno M
Title WNK4 kinase: from structure to physiology.
Journal Related umr04961 Endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption
KO pathway
