Entry Name Glutamatergic synapse - Cervus canadensis (wapiti)
Description Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(CNS). Glutamate is packaged into synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Once released into the synaptic cleft, glutamate acts on postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission. Glutamate can also act on metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) and exert a variety of modulatory effects through their coupling to G proteins and the subsequent recruitment of second messenger systems. Presynaptically localized Group II and Group III mGluRs are thought to represent the classical inhibitory autoreceptor mechanism that suppresses excess glutamate release. After its action on these receptors, glutamate can be removed from the synaptic cleft by EAATs located either on the presynaptic terminal, neighboring glial cells, or the postsynaptic neuron. In glia, glutamate is converted to glutamine, which is then transported back to the presynaptic terminal and converted back to glutamate.
Class Organismal Systems; Nervous systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Other DBs Organism Cervus canadensis (wapiti) [GN:
ccad ]
Gene 122420097 GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534 ]
122420163 GRIK5; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05205 ]
122420803 SHANK1; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15009 ]
122421672 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04544 ]
122422203 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
122422647 GRIK2; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05202 ]
122423610 SLC17A8; vesicular glutamate transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12302 ]
122423671 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
122423970 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07825 ]
122423994 SHANK3; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15009 ]
122424089 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
122424343 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
122424468 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
122424654 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
122424792 SLC38A3; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 isoform X1 [KO:K13576 ]
122427094 SLC38A1; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K14990 ]
122427146 SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207 ]
122428892 GRIK1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05201 ]
122430600 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
122430651 PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
122431044 SHANK2; SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15009 ]
122431708 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
122431738 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 isoform X1 [KO:K04545 ]
122432790 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 isoform X1 [KO:K04547 ]
122432849 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
122435222 GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C isoform X1 [KO:K05211 ]
122436579 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630 ]
122436768 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
122436960 SLC1A7; excitatory amino acid transporter 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05618 ]
122437213 GRIK3; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05203 ]
122438100 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
122438257 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
122440215 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
122440510 CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344 ]
122442399 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
122443021 GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
122443383 PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
122443483 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826 ]
122443592 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
122444905 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
122445240 TRPC1; short transient receptor potential channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04964 ]
122446399 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
122446614 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
122448020 LZTS3; leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K26472 ]
122448380 PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
122448381 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
122450073 SLC1A2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05613 ]
122450259 GRIK4; glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05204 ]
122451650 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
122453031 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
122453702 KCNJ3; G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04997 ]
122454213 SLC1A3; excitatory amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05614 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Niswender CM, Conn PJ
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: physiology, pharmacology, and disease.
Journal Reference Authors Ferraguti F, Crepaldi L, Nicoletti F
Title Metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor: current concepts and perspectives.
Journal Reference Authors Hermans E, Challiss RA
Title Structural, signalling and regulatory properties of the group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: prototypic family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Kim CH, Lee J, Lee JY, Roche KW
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors: phosphorylation and receptor signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Meador-Woodruff JH, Clinton SM, Beneyto M, McCullumsmith RE
Title Molecular abnormalities of the glutamate synapse in the thalamus in schizophrenia.
Journal Reference Authors Sanacora G, Zarate CA, Krystal JH, Manji HK
Title Targeting the glutamatergic system to develop novel, improved therapeutics for mood disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Gass JT, Olive MF
Title Glutamatergic substrates of drug addiction and alcoholism.
Journal Reference Authors Palmada M, Centelles JJ
Title Excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Pathways for metabolism, storage and reuptake of glutamate in brain.
Journal Reference Authors Schoepp DD
Title Unveiling the functions of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
Journal J Pharmacol Exp Ther 299:12-20 (2001)
Reference Authors de Jong AP, Verhage M
Title Presynaptic signal transduction pathways that modulate synaptic transmission.
Journal Reference Authors Pinheiro PS, Mulle C
Title Presynaptic glutamate receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of action.
Journal Reference Authors Byrnes KR, Loane DJ, Faden AI
Title Metabotropic glutamate receptors as targets for multipotential treatment of neurological disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Conti F, Weinberg RJ
Title Shaping excitation at glutamatergic synapses.
Journal Reference Authors Sheng M, Kim MJ
Title Postsynaptic signaling and plasticity mechanisms.
Journal Related KO pathway
