Entry
Name
Toll-like receptor signaling pathway - Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo)
Description
Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors identified as homologs of Toll in Drosophila. Mammalian TLRs are expressed on innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and respond to the membrane components of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. Pathogen recognition by TLRs provokes rapid activation of innate immunity by inducing production of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of costimulatory molecules. TLR signaling pathways are separated into two groups: a MyD88-dependent pathway that leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines with quick activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK, and a MyD88-independent pathway associated with the induction of IFN-beta and IFN-inducible genes, and maturation of dendritic cells with slow activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK.
Class
Organismal Systems; Immune system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
dnm04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
Ortholog table
Organism
Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo) [GN:
dnm ]
Gene
101421086 RAC1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 [KO:K04392 ]
101444276 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101443761 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101426945 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101423744 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
101435351 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
101433347 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
101431630 MYD88; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729 ]
101445854 TIRAP; toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein [KO:K05403 ]
101412966 TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04403 ]
101447376 TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04404 ]
101412730 NFKBIA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734 ]
101437556 NFKB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit [KO:K02580 ]
101425226 IL12A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interleukin-12 subunit alpha [KO:K05406 ]
101440382 CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 [KO:K03160 ]
101412832 CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform X1 [KO:K05413 ]
101436399 STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220 ]
101423495 STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 [KO:K11221 ]
Reference
Authors
Kawai T, Akira S.
Title
TLR signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
O'Neill LA, Bowie AG.
Title
The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Honda K, Taniguchi T.
Title
IRFs: master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Uematsu S, Akira S.
Title
Toll-like receptors and Type I interferons.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O.
Title
Pathogen recognition and innate immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yamamoto M, Takeda K, Akira S.
Title
TIR domain-containing adaptors define the specificity of TLR signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Means TK, Hayashi F, Smith KD, Aderem A, Luster AD.
Title
The Toll-like receptor 5 stimulus bacterial flagellin induces maturation and chemokine production in human dendritic cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Aderem A, Smith KD.
Title
A systems approach to dissecting immunity and inflammation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Banerjee A, Gerondakis S.
Title
Coordinating TLR-activated signaling pathways in cells of the immune system.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Loniewski KJ, Patial S, Parameswaran N.
Title
Sensitivity of TLR4- and -7-induced NF kappa B1 p105-TPL2-ERK pathway to TNF-receptor-associated-factor-6 revealed by RNAi in mouse macrophages.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Arbibe L, Mira JP, Teusch N, Kline L, Guha M, Mackman N, Godowski PJ, Ulevitch RJ, Knaus UG.
Title
Toll-like receptor 2-mediated NF-kappa B activation requires a Rac1-dependent pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Uematsu S, Akira S.
Title
Toll-like receptors and innate immunity.
Journal
Related pathway
dnm04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
dnm04610 Complement and coagulation cascades
KO pathway
LinkDB
All DBs