Entry
Name
Autophagy - animal - Electrophorus electricus (electric eel)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Electrophorus electricus (electric eel) [GN:
eee ]
Gene
113582842 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 2-B-like [KO:K07187 ]
113591396 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 2-like [KO:K07187 ]
113568728 pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
113584997 pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
113581289 pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
113567981 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
113587165 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
113588232 pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
113579364 bnip3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15464 ]
113570591 deptor; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402 ]
113574859 mlst8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266 ]
113578036 ppp2ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
113586037 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
113581641 rb1cc1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589 ]
113581573 atg2a; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906 ]
113583311 atg2b; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906 ]
113580266 wipi1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908 ]
113589656 wipi2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908 ]
113570957 wdr45b; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991 ]
113577619 wdr45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991 ]
113572200 supt20h; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245 ]
113589684 cunh9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23609 ]
113577515 tank; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650 ]
113579817 bcl2-associated agonist of cell death-like isoform X1 [KO:K02158 ]
113579336 atg14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator isoform X1 [KO:K17889 ]
113584511 ambra1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 [KO:K17985 ]
113586896 tp53inp2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247 ]
113591784 tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K21247 ]
113589526 uvrag; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249 ]
113575402 rubcn; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330 ]
113575990 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1-like [KO:K04958 ]
113580641 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1-like [KO:K03237 ]
113582033 zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K17603 ]
113583792 ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337 ]
113568339 gabarapl2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341 ]
113580805 gabarap; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341 ]
113570646 gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341 ]
113589347 map1lc3a; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435 ]
113586510 map1lc3c; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435 ]
113585311 microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C-like [KO:K10435 ]
113568380 cysteine protease ATG4D-like isoform X1 [KO:K08342 ] [EC:3.4.22.-]
113575927 atg4b; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342 ] [EC:3.4.22.-]
113587813 atg4c; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342 ] [EC:3.4.22.-]
113582865 atg4a; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342 ] [EC:3.4.22.-]
113574823 calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2-like [KO:K21348 ]
113589352 wdfy3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K22262 ]
113589576 vesicle-associated membrane protein 8-like isoform X1 [KO:K08512 ]
113588314 plekhm1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282 ]
113579043 vps11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179 ]
113584066 vps16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180 ]
113570769 vps18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181 ]
113576944 vps33a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182 ]
113573806 vps41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184 ]
113582653 lamp2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528 ]
Compound
C00350 Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Deretic V.
Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
Journal
Reference
Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
Journal
Related pathway
eee04141 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
KO pathway
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