KEGG   PATHWAY: eee04140
Entry
eee04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Electrophorus electricus (electric eel)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
eee04140  Autophagy - animal
eee04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Electrophorus electricus (electric eel) [GN:eee]
Gene
113567712  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
113567749  vps39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
113567981  [KO:K02649]
113568160  [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113568339  gabarapl2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
113568380  [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
113568414  [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113568728  pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
113569687  ulk2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113569748  [KO:K08268]
113569990  ppp2cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
113570065  bcl2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
113570180  zfyve1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
113570205  [KO:K08341]
113570222  prkaa1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
113570308  gorasp2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
113570591  deptor; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
113570646  [KO:K08341]
113570704  atg12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
113570769  vps18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
113570957  wdr45b; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
113570991  [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
113571160  [KO:K21347]
113571260  [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
113571342  akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113571420  eif2ak4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113571882  [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113572200  supt20h; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
113572209  rab42; ras-related protein Rab-42 [KO:K07925]
113572219  rragc; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
113572287  [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113572358  [KO:K07897]
113572368  [KO:K20402]
113572666  rheb; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
113572798  pik3r4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113572807  ddit4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
113572960  [KO:K08268]
113573184  dapk2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113573444  ulk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113573462  [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
113573464  [KO:K07925]
113573593  [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
113573747  tsc1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: hamartin [KO:K07206]
113573804  [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113573806  vps41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
113573821  [KO:K02161]
113574170  [KO:K16185]
113574246  [KO:K07208]
113574265  [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
113574344  [KO:K06528]
113574513  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
113574671  [KO:K20868]
113574823  [KO:K21348]
113574859  mlst8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
113574863  nbr1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
113575314  ern1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
113575402  rubcn; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
113575635  [KO:K11248]
113575754  rras2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
113575927  atg4b; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
113575990  [KO:K04958]
113576002  rab7a; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
113576010  prkcd; protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
113576047  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
113576281  hif1a; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
113576562  [KO:K07187]
113576835  lamp1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
113576843  becn1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
113576944  vps33a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
113577094  [KO:K07920]
113577375  nras; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
113577515  tank; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
113577556  [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
113577572  mtmr4; myotubularin-related protein 4 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
113577606  [KO:K08512]
113577619  wdr45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
113577703  [KO:K04724]
113577927  [KO:K07206]
113578033  [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
113578036  ppp2ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
113578160  [KO:K07897]
113578283  [KO:K07925]
113578319  pik3c3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
113578378  akt3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113578461  [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113578495  [KO:K07187]
113578854  rptor; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
113579043  vps11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
113579077  [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113579265  eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113579336  atg14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator isoform X1 [KO:K17889]
113579364  bnip3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15464]
113579468  pten; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
113579636  atg3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
113579639  [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113579678  [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
113579694  [KO:K02833]
113579696  traf6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
113579817  [KO:K02158]
113579844  [KO:K03237]
113579878  map3k7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
113580266  wipi1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
113580274  rras; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07830]
113580413  [KO:K21347]
113580611  [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113580641  [KO:K03237]
113580805  gabarap; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
113580871  [KO:K17987]
113580905  [KO:K23611]
113580907  [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
113580945  [KO:K08270]
113581289  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
113581312  hras; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
113581478  [KO:K07831]
113581499  rab33b; ras-related protein Rab-33B isoform X1 [KO:K07920]
113581550  mtmr14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
113581573  atg2a; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
113581641  rb1cc1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589]
113581711  atg5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
113581821  [KO:K07874]
113581910  prkacb; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
113582033  [KO:K17603]
113582048  rab1a; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
113582653  lamp2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
113582756  atg9a; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
113582842  [KO:K07187]
113582865  atg4a; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
113582881  rab8a; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
113582890  stk11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113583025  [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113583159  wdr41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
113583311  atg2b; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
113583676  ctsb; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
113583696  [KO:K08516]
113583729  [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
113583780  [KO:K17907]
113583792  [KO:K08337]
113583913  optn; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
113584066  vps16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
113584161  dapk3; death-associated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113584326  mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113584368  rps6kb1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113584380  vmp1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
113584511  ambra1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 [KO:K17985]
113584640  nrbf2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
113584644  cflar; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
113584672  [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
113584814  sqstm1; sequestosome-1 [KO:K14381]
113584871  [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113584910  hmgb1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
113584920  snap29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
113584954  smcr8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
113584997  pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
113585009  [KO:K26797]
113585311  [KO:K10435]
113585589  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
113585615  atg13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
113585963  uba52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
113586001  [KO:K02158]
113586037  [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
113586262  tbk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
113586292  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
113586306  [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
113586501  [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
113586510  map1lc3c; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
113586896  tp53inp2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
113587138  akt1s1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 [KO:K16184]
113587813  atg4c; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
113587857  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
113587890  prkcq; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
113587984  bcl2l1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
113588232  pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
113588314  plekhm1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
113588333  [KO:K07920]
113588524  [KO:K07827]
113588544  atg16l1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
113588584  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
113588680  [KO:K08516]
113588939  [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
113588983  irs1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
113589113  [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113589119  dapk1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
113589216  epg5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
113589274  [KO:K10802]
113589347  map1lc3a; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
113589352  wdfy3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K22262]
113589523  atg101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
113589526  uvrag; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249]
113589576  [KO:K08512]
113589656  wipi2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]
113589684  cunh9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23609]
113589709  prkaa2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
113589718  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
113589852  [KO:K07827]
113589948  [KO:K07897]
113590009  [KO:K10435]
113590257  birc6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
113590406  [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
113590643  [KO:K16186]
113590839  stx17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
113590870  [KO:K16186]
113590885  atg10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 [KO:K17888]
113591002  [KO:K16172]
113591112  rps27a; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
113591132  [KO:K07874]
113591231  [KO:K11248]
113591278  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
113591344  tsc2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tuberin [KO:K07207]
113591396  [KO:K07187]
113591428  ins; insulin [KO:K04526]
113591784  [KO:K21247]
113592026  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
113592030  [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
113592047  [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
113592099  mras; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
113592139  igbp1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
113592314  stx7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
eee04010  MAPK signaling pathway
eee04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
eee04142  Lysosome biogenesis
eee04150  mTOR signaling pathway
eee04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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